Principles and Methods for Construction of Lowcarbon Landscape Architecture

After illustrating history of low-carbon theory and concept of low-carbon economy,the paper had indentified connotation and principles of low-carbon landscape architecture,pointed out that construction of low-carbon landscape architecture should follow principles of "site respect,natural power,landscape heterogeneity and nature manifestation".Furthermore,it discussed methods for construction of low-carbon landscape architecture,highlighting rainwater reserve utilization,green landscape structure,effluent purification circulation,architectural materials selection and carbon sink increase by plants.Low-carbon urban landscaping concept and technology provided a new way of thinking for landscaping construction and they were also the urgent needs for construction of low-carbon city.

Preliminary Study on the Calculation Method of “Carbon Footprint”

At present, greenhouse effect has become a severe challenge of international society. In order to cope with this challenge, countries all over the world reached an agreement to develop low-carbon economy and create low-carbon society. As a new concept, 'carbon footprint' emerged with the vigorous development of low-carbon economy, and its calculation method is related to the evaluation system of low carbon economy. In order to calculate 'carbon footprint', 'carbon subject' in the study was divided into energy consumption account, soil respiration account and biological resources account, and the calculation formula of 'carbon footprint' was defined, as well as CO2 emission from various accounts, namely the calculation method of 'carbon footprint' was discussed preliminarily from quantitative evaluation index.

Evaluation and Obstacle Diagnosis of Low-carbon Intensive Land Use in Kaifeng City

Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estimate and analyze the low-carbon intensive use level of urban land in Kaifeng City from 2011 to 2020,and the obstacle factors in the process of low-carbon intensive land use in Kaifeng City were revealed by using the obstacle degree model.The results showed that during the study period,the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City showed a slow,fluctuating and declining trend,and the overall situation was in a generally intensive state.The land input level and land output level were on the rise,while the low-carbon level of land and the degree of land use were on the decline.Currently,the main obstacle factors restricting the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City were the carbon structure coefficient of land use,energy consumption per square kilometer,carbon emissions per square kilometer,carbon emissions per capita,and non-agricultural land use efficiency.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the land use structure and promote the high-quality development of Kaifeng City.

废铅膏低碳全湿法铅回收技术研究

废铅蓄电池再生过程的经济和环境问题主要集中在废铅膏的回收处理。传统的废铅膏火法冶炼面临能耗高,环境污染重,CO_(2)排放量大等问题。在能源“双控”和“双碳”的背景下,废铅膏低碳全湿法铅回收技术引起了社会广泛关注。本文中,笔者系统地梳理了当前关注的废铅膏悬浮电解、电解沉积、固相电解和铅转化直接生产氧化铅技术等全湿法技术的研究情况,并在此基础上对各种全湿法铅回收技术进行了比较,指明了未来低碳全湿法铅回收的产业发展方向。

Distributed Source-Load-Storage Cooperative Low-Carbon Scheduling Strategy Considering Vehicle-to-Grid Aggregators

The vehicle-to-grid(V2G)technology enables the bidirectional power flow between electric vehicle(EV)batteries and the power grid,making EV-based mobile energy storage an appealing supplement to stationary energy storage systems.However,the stochastic and volatile charging behaviors pose a challenge for EV fleets to engage directly in multi-agent cooperation.To unlock the scheduling potential of EVs,this paper proposes a source-load-storage cooperative low-carbon scheduling strategy considering V2G aggregators.The uncertainty of EV charging patterns is managed through a rolling-horizon control framework,where the scheduling and control horizons are adaptively adjusted according to the availability periods of EVs.Moreover,a Minkowski-sum based aggregation method is employed to evaluate the scheduling potential of aggregated EV fleets within a given scheduling horizon.This method effectively reduces the variable dimension while preserving the charging and discharging constraints of individual EVs.Subsequently,a Nash bargaining based cooperative scheduling model involving a distribution system operator(DSO),an EV aggregator(EVA),and a load aggregator(LA)is established to maximize the social welfare and improve the low-carbon performance of the system.This model is solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm in a distributed manner,with privacy of participants fully preserved.The proposed strategy is proven to achieve the objective of low-carbon economic operation.

Measurement on the Construction Level of China's Green, Low-Carbon, and Circular-Development Economic System

This study aims to measure how well China's green,low-carbon,and circulardevelopment economic system(theGLCCD Economic System)is being developed.By establishing the indicator system and indicators,the spatiotemporal range entropy weight method,Gini coefficient,Theil index,convergence model,and national and provincial data from 2012 to 2017 are employed.The construction level of almost all GLCCD Economic Systems at national and provincial levels has shown improvement during the study period.Among them,a significant boost is only observed in the development power indicator;improvement in the production system indicator and development benefit indicatorismild,andthelifesystemindicator sees a decline year by year.The construction level of the GLCCD Economic System throughout China is generally balanced but tends to expand in scale.However,the inter-regional developmenttbenefit indicator showsaconvergence trend.Based on the analysis of the similarities and differences between greenandlow-carboncircular development,the development power and development benefit,production system,and life system are incorporated into a unified logical framework.The construction level of the GLCCD Economic System is measured as a whole in a holistic manner.This study finds out the scientific connotation oftheGLCCD Economic System.The changing trends and regional differences in the construction level of the GLCCD Economic System are revealed.These findings provide a clear and reliable decision-making basis for the construction of the GLCCD Economic System.

Low-carbon benefit analysis on DG penetration distribution system

In response to the severe energy and environmental issues,CO_(2)emission reduction and low-carbon development are inevitable.China has become the biggest CO_(2)emitter in the world since 2006.As a major CO_(2)emission source in China,the power industry is facing greater pressure for carbon emission abatement.By applying various low-carbon power technologies and mechanisms,the potential for CO_(2)emission reduction in power systems is considerable.This paper proposes a pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method for the low-carbon benefit evaluation of distribution system including distributed wind turbines,solar array and battery energy storage systems.The hourly sequential models and state variation models for wind turbines,solar array and battery are established.The non-power components are sequentially sampled and the components of the wind turbine,the solar array and the battery are non-sequentially sampled.The failure modes and effect analysis(FMEA)procedure for the system are discussed and the heuristic load shedding approach is used,then the low-carbon benefit evaluation procedure is illustrated.Based on this,the system state transition sampling method for calculating the loss of expected energy index with high DG penetration is proposed.The state transition models for non-active elements and DGs are established.The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by a study case.The method can be used for the low-carbon benefit analysis on DG penetration distribution networks.