Atomic-level insight of sulfidation-engineered Aurivillius-related Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheets enabling visible light low-concentration CO_(2) conversion

Unraveling atomic-level active sites of layered photocatalyst towards lowconcentration CO_(2) conversion is still challenging.Herein,the yield and selectivity of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction of the Aurivillius-related oxide semiconductor Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheet(BOSO)were largely improved using a surface sulfidation strategy.The experiment and theoretical calculation confirmed that surface sulfidation of the Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheet(S-BOSO,6.28 nm)redistributed the charge-enriched Bi sites,extended the solar spectrum absorption to the whole visible range,and considerably enhanced the charge separation,in addition to creating new reaction active sites,as compared to pristine BOSO.Subsequently,surface sulfidation played a switchable role,wherein S-BOSO showed a very high CH_(3)OH generation rate(12.78μmol g^(-1) for 4 h,78.6%selectivity)from low-concentration CO_(2)(1000 ppm)under visible light irradiation,which outperforms most of the state-of-the-art photocatalysts under similar conditions.This study presents an atomic-level modification protocol for engineering reactive sites and charge behaviors to promote solar-to-energy conversion.

Rheology and influence factor of low-concentration Konjac gum solutions

Rheological properties of low-concentration Konjac gum and impacts of concentration,shearing rate,pH value and stirring time on its viscosity were studied.The results show that the viscosity of low-concentration Konjac gum increases with the increase of its concentration.The solution presents pseudo-plasticity fluid,which shows the characters of shear thinning as follows:first,its viscosity decreases gradually as the temperature increases,and then increases with the increase of temperature.The viscosity decreases sharply at both acid and alkaline conditions,indicating that it is influenced apparently by pH value.And the viscosity of low-concentration Konjac gum is also impacted by the stirring time.

Neuroprotective effects of low-concentration alpha-tocopherol Confocal laser microscopy observations

BACKGROUND： Alpha-tocopherol （ α-tocopherol） can effectively relieve neuronal damage induced by oxygen-centered free radicals. However, the effective dose remains controversial. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the protective effects of low-concentration α-tocopherol on neuronal membranes. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Contrast observation and in vitro study, performed at Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between April and September 2006. MATERIALS： Fetal cortical neurons were derived from two 14-day pregnant SD rats, and α-tocopherol was provided by Sigma, USA. METHODS： The neurons were randomly assigned to six groups： （1） normal： neurons were cultured under normal conditions; （2） oxidative damage： oxidative free radicals was damaged using the Fenton reaction; （3） α-tocopherol： neurons were cultured in different concentrations of -tocopherol 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L for 2 hours, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neuronal membrane damage was observed using a confocal laser microscope, and malonaldehyde production was detected using the thiobarbituric acid method. RESULTS： At normal, biological concentrations （10 mg/L）, α-tocopherol induced no change in the damaged neurons （P 〉 0.05）. However, at a concentration of 80 mg/L, the number of damaged neurons was significantly reduced, compared with the damage group （P 〈 0.05）. Malonaldehyde levels following 80 mg/L α-tocopherol treatment were less than the oxygen free radical damage group （P 〈 0.05）, but greater than the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： A concentration of 80 mg/L α-tocopherol can effectively protect the neuronal cell membrane from oxidative damage

Study on Treatment Technology of Methanol in the Low-concentration Methanol-containing Wastewater of a Gas Field

The low-concentration methanol-containing wastewater of a gas field mainly consists of the dehydrated water from natural gas,the water at the bottom of a rectifying tower,and the water used to clear tanks and pipes. The concentration of methanol as its characteristic component is mostly lower than 3%. Its production and water quality change seasonally. It is mainly produced in late autumn,winter,and early spring when temperature is low. In the low-concentration methanol-containing wastewater,the content of organic matter,suspended solids and salts and COD value are high,and it is acidic. According to the physical and chemical properties of methanol such as easily dissolving in water,dissolving in most organic solvents,and having strong molecular polarity,laboratory experiments were made to study the difficulties of using high-temperature rectification,biodegradation,membrane filtration and organic oxidation technology to treat low-concentration methanol in the wastewater as well as the feasibility of industrial application. Ultraviolet catalytic oxidation technology has the advantages of high treatment efficiency,no secondary pollution,and no addition of treatment agent. After the low-concentration methanol-containing wastewater was treated by ultraviolet catalytic oxidation for 90 min,methanol concentration in the wastewater reduced from about 3% to around 0. 1%,thereby rapidly and efficiently degrading methanol in the wastewater. Based on the experimental parameters,a pilot device of ultraviolet catalytic oxidation was developed and used in the continuous treatment of the wastewater. When the flow rate of inflow was 500 L/h,the intensity of UV light was 2 k W,and hydraulic retention time was 60 min,methanol could be removed completely from the wastewater with the methanol concentration of about 0. 3%. This study provides a method for the treatment of low-concentration methanol-containing wastewater of a gas field,and also provides an experimental basis for the efficient degradation of organic wastewater.

Pilot-test about Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas Using a Fixed Biological Bed

[ Objective] The study aims to discuss the feasibility of using a fixed biological bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [ Method] A fixed biological bed was used to treat low-concentration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop, and then the waste gas treated was assessed by human sense of smell to determine the most economical empty bed contact time, thereby verifying the feasibility of using a fixed biolog- ical bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [Result] When empty bed contact time was 60 s, the smell of the treated waste gas was acceptable, and COD value of recycled water in the fixed biological bed was essentially unchanged. It proved that organic load of the waste gas was consumed by microorganisms within 60 s. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to use a fixed biological bed to treat Iow-concantration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop.

转CrylAc+CpTI双价基因棉对烟粉虱主要解毒酶活性的影响

测定了取食转双价基因棉SGK321及其亲本棉SY321后烟粉虱伪蛹体内羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等主要解毒酶的活性。结果表明：与SY321烟粉虱种群相比，SGK321对烟粉虱体内羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性均值元显著影响，但两个种群中这些酶活性个体分布存在不同程度的差异。与SY321烟粉虱种群相比，SGK321烟粉虱种群α-NA羧酸酯酶活性在〈30mOD／（mg protein·min）区间分布频率较高，而在30-40mOD／（mg protein·min）区间较低；SGK321烟粉虱种群乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在2～4U／mg protein区间内分布频率略低，而在〉4U／mg protein区间内分布频率上升了10个百分点；SGK321烟粉虱种群谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性在80～140U／mg protein活性区间内分布频率略有下降，在140～170U／mg protein区间内分布频率上升了15个百分点。

An aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid supercapacitor operated at-50℃

The recent advances in aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid supercapacitor(MHSC)have attracted great attention as it brings together the benefits of high energy density,high power density,and synchronously addresses cost and safety issues.However,the freeze of aqueous electrolytes discourages aqueous MHSC from operating at low-temperature conditions.Here,a low-concentration aqueous solution of 4 mol L^(-1) Mg(ClO_(4))_(2) is devised for its low freezing point(-67℃)and ultra-high ionic conductivity(3.37 mS cm^(-1) at-50℃).Both physical characterizations and computational simulations revealed that the Mg(ClO_(4))_(2) can effectively disrupt the original hydrogen bond network among water molecules via transmuting the electrolyte structure,thus yielding a low freezing point.Thus,the Mg(ClO_(4))_(2) electrolytes endue aqueous MHSC with a wider temperature operation range(-50℃–25℃)and a higher energy density of 103.9 Wh kg^(-1) at 3.68 kW kg^(-1) over commonly used magnesium salts(i.e.,MgSO_(4) and Mg(NO_(3))_(2))electrolytes.Furthermore,a quasi-solid-state MHSC based on polyacrylamide-based hydrogel electrolyte holds superior low-temperature performance,excellentflexibility,and high safety.This work pioneers a convenient,cheap,and eco-friendly tactic to procure low-temperature aqueous magnesium-ion energy storage device.

Effects of Different Grinding Methods on the Quality of Soybean Bean Milk

[Objectives] This study was conducted to improve the nutritional value of soybean milk, enrich the variety and taste of soybean milk, and find healthy food that is more conducive to people s nutritional needs. [Methods] Whole soybean milk was prepared by grinding with a grinding wheel at a low concentration (low-concentration grinding) and a stainless steel mill at a high concentration (high-concentration grinding). The sensory, physical and chemical characteristics and anti-nutritional factors of whole soybean milk produced by different grinding methods were studied. [Results] Compared with low-concentration grinding, the protein content in soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding increased by 24%, and the dietary fiber content increased by 74.7%. Before and after high-pressure homogenization, the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding was 212.1 and 93.59 μm, respectively, and the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding was 134.0 and 64.64 μm, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity and phytic acid content of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding were significantly lower than those of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding. [Conclusions] This study improves the diet structure of the broad masses of people, strengthens people s physique, and provides a new idea for the implementation and development of China s "Soybean Action Programme".

农杆菌介导的转Pta-CrylAc番茄的优化体系

本实验采用根癌农杆菌介导的双价抗虫基因Pta-CrylAc转化方法,针对于番茄品系的Micro-Tom进行转化,优化了农杆菌介导番茄转化的几个影响因素:①外植体长度在0.5 cm左右有利于愈伤组织的形成;②农杆菌侵染时间为8 min;③菌液浓度OD600约为0.15。

转cry1Ac和CpTI双基因抗虫水稻对二化螟和大螟的致死效应及田间螟虫构成的影响

就转crylAc＋CpTI双基因抗虫水稻不同生育期对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和大螟Sesamia inferens的室内致死特性及田间螟虫的构成进行了研究。室内测定结果表明，不同生育期转基因水稻对二化螟、大螟都表现明显的致死效应，但水稻生长后期的致死效果降低。转基因水稻对大螟的致死效应显著弱于对二化螟的，其中，二化螟除在齐穗期和成熟期有少量幼虫（0．5％～6．4％）存活到第4天外，其余均在第4天死亡；大螟在两种转基因水稻上的存活率高于二化螟，且少量个体（〈1．6％）还能化蛹、羽化，但化蛹率和羽化率均明显低于在非转基因对照上的。早、晚两季水稻的田间调查结果表明，转基因水稻上两种螟虫虫口数量均显著低于相应的非转基因对照品种，转基因水稻上二化螟虫口减退率〉99％；大螟虫口减退率相对较低，早、晚稻上有所不同，其中早稻〉93％，晚稻仅44％～64％。转基因水稻上残存螟虫中，大螟所占比例明显上升，推测转基因水稻对两种螟虫致死效应差异可能是其主要原因。

转sck单价基因和cry1Ac/sck双价基因水稻对二化螟的致死效应及中肠组织病理变化观察

室内采用离体叶片法研究了转sck单价基因抗虫水稻86AS1和转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫水稻MSB不同生育期主茎顶叶对二化螟幼虫的杀虫效果.结果发现,不同生育期的MSB对二化螟初孵幼虫表现出了很强的毒杀效果,二化螟幼虫校正死亡率在扬花期前均达到90%以上;扬花期和灌浆期抗虫性有所下降,校正死亡率高于80%;成熟期校正死亡率在60%以上.在整个生育期,二化螟幼虫取食86AS1主茎顶叶的校正死亡率均未超过50%.MSB对二化螟幼虫的毒杀效果明显高于86AS1.采用透射电镜观察二化螟幼虫取食转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫水稻和转sck单价基因抗虫水稻主茎顶叶后中肠组织的病理变化.结果发现,两种转基因水稻都能够引起二化螟幼虫中肠组织发生病理变化,但病变程度有明显差异.二化螟幼虫取食转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫水稻3d,中肠组织受到严重破坏且病理变化明显;取食转sck单价基因抗虫水稻3d,幼虫中肠组织的病理变化却较缓慢.

两种转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac表达量的检测

用EnvirologixCry1Ab/Cry1Ac平板试剂盒检测了两种转Cry1Ac基因的棉花品系 (NUCOTN33B、NUCOTN99B) 以及常规对照品系 (苏棉 12) 不同生育期主茎嫩叶、侧枝嫩叶、蕾及蕾的苞叶中杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量。结果表明, 两种转Bt基因棉主茎嫩叶杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量随生育期的推移呈明显下降趋势, 花铃期 (NUCOTN33B和NUCOTN99B分别为 4 43和 2 93μg·g-1 ) 和吐絮期 (3 87和 2 86μg·g-1 ) 的含量分别降至苗期第 6叶 (7 64和 8 38μg·g-1 )的 58%、35%和 51%、34%; 相同时期的主茎嫩叶和侧枝嫩叶中Cry1Ac的含量均显著高于蕾及蕾的苞叶, 前两者均为后两者的两倍以上。

Bt晶体蛋白Cry1Ac放射免疫检测技术研究

通过苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)HD-73培养,提取Bt晶体蛋白Cry1Ac,经酶解后获得高抗虫活性蛋白。免疫新西兰白兔得到高纯度的Bt晶体蛋白1Ac抗体,用125I标记抗原,研究和建立了Bt晶体蛋白Cry1Ac的放射免疫检测技术,该试剂盒用磁性微粒作分离剂,不需离心即可分离,简化了测定步骤,检测结果达到国外同类产品(酶联免疫试剂盒)的水平。

转Cry1Ac+CpTI基因棉对棉田害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响

20 0 2年在河北省南皮县对转Cry1Ac+CpTI基因棉 (SGK32 1)棉田害虫及其天敌种群动态的研究结果表明 ,SGK32 1棉田及其亲本对照棉 (石远 32 1)棉田的害虫和捕食性天敌的种类基本相同 ,但数量差异较大。但在 5月 2 3日至 9月 16日的 2 4次调查中 ,SGK32 1棉田的 5种主要害虫棉铃虫、棉蚜、绿盲蝽、棉粉虱、小绿叶蝉的总数量分别较其亲本石远 32 1棉田降低89 5 %、6 4 5 %、2 1 8%、15 6 %和 33 7%。SGK32 1棉田龟纹瓢虫和中华草蛉的种群总数量分别比石远 32 1棉田增高 34 0 %和9 1% ,但异色瓢虫、小花蝽、异须盲蝽、蚜茧蜂和蜘蛛类的种群数量分别降低 2 8 6 %、6 5 %、4 3 1%、4 4 7%和 14 0 %。主要害虫和天敌种群动态的监测表明 ,棉蚜、小绿叶蝉和棉粉虱的发生高峰期分别为 7月中下旬 ,8月下旬至 9月中旬 ,8月下旬至 9月上、中旬。在三者的高峰期内 ,SGK32 1棉田的种群数量基本上低于对照田。龟纹瓢虫的发生高峰期为 7月上旬到 8月上、中旬 ,且SGK32 1棉田的种群数量高于对照田。研究表明 ,SGK32 1在对棉铃虫具有很好抗性的同时 ,对棉蚜、棉粉虱、绿盲蝽、小绿叶蝉等非靶标害虫的发生也有一定的抑制作用 ;SGK32 1棉田龟纹瓢虫和中华草蛉的种群数量增加 ,其他主要天敌的数量则有所降低 ,表明SGK32

转基因(Cry1Ac)抗虫棉对土壤微生物的影响

对不同种植年限的转基因(Cry1Ac)抗虫棉田土壤中主要微生物数量变化进行了测定,结果表明:(1)种植转基因抗虫棉后对土壤微生物细菌、放线菌和真菌数量的影响趋势基本相似;(2)种植抗虫棉1年后,土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量将有所增加,连续4年达到高峰,然后数量开始下降,连续种植7年后,棉田微生物数量接近于种植1年的棉田;(3)种植1年后又种植非转基因棉花的棉田,土壤微生物数量低于种植1年抗虫棉的棉田,与种植非转基因棉的数量无明显差异。由此可见,种植转基因抗虫棉对土壤微生物数量有一定的影响。

转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉与转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉在黄萎病菌压力环境下检测技术和生存竞争能力研究

旨在研究2种转双价基因棉在棉黄萎病菌压力环境下的生存竞争能力。以‘赣棉杂1号’和‘赣棉11号’为对照,在黄萎病圃检测转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉、转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉发病情况、生长和产量竞争能力。2个转双价基因棉抗黄萎病性不显著的强于2个对照;转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉株高、覆盖度增长竞争能力相对较强,转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉相对较弱;转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉的单株成铃和果枝层数较高,增长竞争能力也较强,转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉较弱;2个转双价基因棉最后的脱落率与2个对照差异不显著;转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉籽棉、皮棉产量介于2个对照之间,而转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉的产量低于2个对照。转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉推广种植可行性相对较差,转Cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉推广种植可行性一般。

棉铃虫幼虫取食Vip3Aa蛋白后的中肠组织病理变化

为了进一步明确Vip3Aa的作用机制,利用透射电镜观察了棉铃虫4龄幼虫取食含Vip3Aa蛋白饲料后中肠杯状细胞的病理变化,并比较了其病变与取食含Cry1Ac饲料后棉铃虫组织病变的差异。取食含Vip3Aa饲料后,棉铃虫幼虫的中肠杯状细胞逐渐发生病变,主要表现为:微绒毛肿胀、脱落;细胞核核膜界限不清晰,染色质分布不均匀;线粒体变形、数量减少,内脊不清晰;内质网杂乱不规则、数量减少。与取食Cry1Ac的棉铃虫相比,取食Vip3Aa的棉铃虫中肠杯状细胞发生病变较为缓慢,在取食12h后才发现明显病变,随着取食时间的增加病变越来越明显;而取食Cry1Ac的棉铃虫2h后中肠杯状细胞就出现明显病变。本研究可为Vip3Aa作为新毒素策略的重要蛋白在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera综合防治中更好地发挥作用提供理论依据。

Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白对粘虫中肠几种酶活性的影响

为阐明Bt杀虫蛋白对次要靶标害虫粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)的生理学影响,本研究分析比较了粘虫高龄幼虫在室内取食低剂量Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白6,12,24和36h后,其体内主要的解毒酶(酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶)、保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)和中肠蛋白酶(总蛋白酶、强碱性类胰蛋白酶、弱碱性类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶)等活性的变化。结果表明,取食Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白后,粘虫幼虫体内相关酶活力呈现不同的变化趋势:(1)酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、过氧化物酶(POD)、类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶活力较对照显著降低(P<0.05);(2)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力较对照显著升高(P<0.05);(3)过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力于6,12和24h显著低于对照(P<0.05),36h时显著高于对照(P<0.05)。结果提示Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白主要通过抑制粘虫幼虫中肠解毒酶和蛋白酶的活性,扰乱SOD,CAT和POD3种保护酶的动态平衡而干扰幼虫的正常生理代谢,从而起到毒杀粘虫的作用。

低温对转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白表达及其氮代谢的影响

以2个转Bt基因抗虫棉,泗抗1号(常规种)、泗抗3号(杂交种)为材料,研究了低温对转Bt基因抗虫棉叶片中杀虫蛋白表达量和氮代谢的影响。2007年,于盛蕾期、盛花期、盛铃期,将盆栽棉花18℃低温下处理24 h。2008年,在18℃低温下处理48 h。研究结果表明,低温胁迫显著降低转Bt基因抗虫棉品种叶片中杀虫蛋白表达量。但盛铃期,下降幅度最大。其中低温胁迫24 h后,泗抗1号下降23.7%,泗抗3号下降28.1%;低温胁迫48 h后,2个品种分别下降52.9%和47.6%。叶片中丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量与蛋白酶活性在低温胁迫下表现相同趋势。以上结果表明,低温可能导致叶片可溶性蛋白的合成量降低,从而导致杀虫蛋白表达水平的下降。但对可溶性蛋白的分解并未有明显影响。