Progress and development directions of shale oil reservoir stimulation technology of China National Petroleum Corporation

By reviewing the development history of shale oil reservoir stimulation technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina),we have systematically summarized the main progress of shale oil reservoir stimulation technology of CNPC in five aspects:reservoir stimulation mechanism,fracture-controlled fracturing,geological-engineering integrated reservoir stimulation design platform,low-cost materials,and large well-pad three-dimensional development mode.It is made clear that the major stimulation technology for shale oil reservoir is the high density multi-cluster and fracture-controlled staged fracturing aiming to increase fracture-controlled reserves,lower operation costs and increase economic benefits.Based on comprehensive analysis of the challenges shale oil reservoir stimulation technology faces in three-dimensional development,stimulation parameter optimization for fracture-controlled fracturing,refracturing and low-cost stimulation technology,we proposed five development directions of the stimulation technology:(1)Strengthen the research on integration of geology and engineering to make full use of reservoir stimulation.(2)Deepen the study on fracture-controlled fracturing to improve reserves development degree.(3)Promote horizontal well three-dimensional development of shale oil to realize the production of multiple layers vertically.(4)Research refracturing technology of shale oil reservoir through horizontal well to efficiently tap the remaining reserves between fractures.(5)Develop low-cost stimulation supporting technology to help reduce the cost and increase economic benefit of oilfield development.

Gerber Technology Unveils New YuniquePLM^(TM) Brand Identity Expressing Commitment to Stimulate the Apparel, Footwear and Soft Goods PLM Landscape

Gerber Technology, a business unit of Gerber Scientific, Inc. (NYSE:GRB) and a world leader in automated CAD/CAM and PLM solutions for the apparel and flexible materials industry, today unveiled its new PLM

Effective Control of Aflatoxin Contamination in Staple Maize Food Crop in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Current Pre- and Postharvest Low-Cost Technologies and Perspectives

Mycotoxins/aflatoxins contaminations in some food commodities seriously impact human and animal health and reduce the commercial value of crops. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that colonize agricultural commodities. Pre- and postharvest contamination of aflatoxin is a major health concern in Africa where maize production and consumption have increased significantly over the years. Efforts to reduce aflatoxin in maize through various strategies such as breeding for resistance, improved agronomic practices, cultural harvesting and postharvest handling practices, and the use of bio-control agents are available. Some of these control practices are not well known by smallholder farmers. Important pre- and postharvest practices, in addition to the stringent food safety regulations and monitoring, are not undertaken as a result of various factors such as a lack of awareness and training, and the high cost of awareness and sensitization drives. The climate changes scenarios including El Nino are also factors to be considered. However, continued use of sustainable and effective low-cost management practices by small scale farmers are possible ways of reducing the risk of aflatoxin contamination. This review attempts to highlight low-cost, affordable and practical management options at pre- and postharvest in maize. Sound low-cost management practices are possible ways of reducing the risk for fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination that are relevant to the Africa context. This review would be useful and guided prioritization of development activities, continuous awareness creation and training and future research.

Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Horizontal Well Reservoir Stimulation for Gas Hydrate Production

A new gas hydrate reservoir stimulation method of in-situ fracturing with transient heating is proposed, in line with analysis of the technological bottlenecks faced by marine gas hydrate production. This method injects the developed chemical reagents into a hydrate reservoir through hydraulic fracturing, releasing heat during the chemical reaction to increase the hydrate decomposition rate. The chemical reaction product furthermore has a honeycomb structure to support fractures and increase reservoir permeability. Based on the geological model of natural gas hydrate in the South China Sea, three development methods are simulated to evaluate hydrate production capacity, consisting of horizontal well, fractured horizontal well and in-situ fracturing with transient heating well. Compared with the horizontal well, the simulation results show that the cumulative gas production of the fractured horizontal well in one year is 7 times that of the horizontal well, while the cumulative gas production of in-situ fracturing with transient heating well is 12 times that of the horizontal well, which significantly improves daily efficiency and cumulative gas production. In addition, the variation patterns of hydrate saturation and temperature-pressure fields with production time for the three exploitation plans are presented, it being found that three sensitive parameters of fracture conductivity, fracture half-length and fracture number are positively correlated with hydrate production enhancement. Through the simulations, basic data and theoretical support for the optimization of gas hydrate reservoir stimulation scheme has been provided.

Application of Hydraulic Fracturing Technology to Bonan Oilfield

The reservoir depthi ranges from 2300 m to 3950 m.It is of 14 sand formations that consist of 28 layers,of which 24 layers have a thickness of 5-20 m.Mainly composed of feldspar.quartz silt and fine sandstones.the reservoir is affected by com-paction,leading to poor physical properties.Core analysis indicates that the S:interval has a porosity of 17.4%.an air permeability of 50X 10 pμm’,a shale content of 7.2%.carbonate content of 5.3%,and median grain diameter of 0.19 mm.

功能性电刺激联合新Bobath技术在脑卒中后肩痛患者康复中的效果观察

目的:探讨功能性电刺激联合新Bobath技术在脑卒中后肩痛患者康复中的效果。方法:选取2022~2023年在上海市第五康复医院接受治疗的脑卒中后肩痛患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为试验组(功能性电刺激联合新Bobath技术治疗)和对照组(新Bobath技术治疗)各45例,并比较二者的临床治疗效果、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和运动功能评分量表(Fugl-Meyer)评分、肩关节活动度评分、生活质量评分及患者治疗满意度,探讨其应用价值。结果:试验组治疗总有效率(84.44%)高于对照组(64.44%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,试验组VAS评分低于治疗前和对照组,Fugl-Meyer评分高于治疗前和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,试验组肩关节屈曲、外展、外旋的活动度均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组生活质量评分均高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组总满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:功能性电刺激联合新Bobath技术在脑卒中后肩痛患者康复中的效果较好,治疗后患者满意度较高。

A review of development methods and EOR technologies for carbonate reservoirs

Carbonate reservoirs worldwide are complex in structure,diverse in form,and highly heterogeneous.Based on these characteristics,the reservoir stimulation technologies and fluid flow characteristics of carbonate reservoirs are briefly described in this study.The development methods and EOR technologies of carbonate reservoirs are systematically summarized,the relevant mechanisms are analyzed,and the application status of oil fields is catalogued.The challenges in the development of carbonate reservoirs are discussed,and future research directions are explored.In the current development processes of carbonate reservoirs,water flooding and gas flooding remain the primary means but are often prone to channeling problems.Chemical flooding is an effective method of tertiary oil recovery,but the harsh formation conditions require high-performance chemical agents.The application of emerging technologies can enhance the oil recovery efficiency and environmental friendliness to a certain extent,which is welcome in hard-to-recover areas such as heavy oil reservoirs,but the economic cost is often high.In future research on EOR technologies,flow field control and flow channel plugging will be the potential directions of traditional development methods,and the application of nanoparticles will revolutionize the chemical EOR methods.On the basis of diversified reservoir stimulation,combined with a variety of modern data processing schemes,multichannel EOR technologies are being developed to realize the systematic,intelligent,and cost-effective development of carbonate reservoirs.

Machine learning models for stroke detection by observing the eye-movement features under five-color visual stimuli in traditional Chinese medicine

Objective:To develop a novel diagnostic modality to identify and diagnose stroke in daily life scenarios for improving the therapeutic effects and prognoses of patients.Methods:In this study,16 stroke patients and 24 age-matched healthy participants as controls were recruited for comparative analysis.Leveraging a portable eye-tracking device and integrating traditional Chinese medicine theory with modern color psychology principles,we recorded the eye movement signals and calculated eye movement features.Meanwhile,the stroke recognition models based on eye movement features were further trained by using random forest(RF),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),decision tree(DT),gradient boosting classifier(GBC),XGBoost,and CatBoost.Results:The stroke group and the healthy group showed significant differences in some eye movement features(P<.05).The models trained based on eye movement characteristics had good performances in recognizing stroke individuals,with accuracies ranging from 77.40%to 88.45%.Under the red stimulus,the eye movement model trained by RF became the best machine learning model with a recall of 84.65%,a precision of 86.48%,a F1 score of 85.47%.Among the six algorithms,RF and CatBoost performed better in classification.Conclusion:This study pioneers the application of traditional Chinese medicine's five-color stimuli to visual observation tasks.On the basis of the combined design,the eye-movement models can accurately identify stroke,and the developed high-performance models may be used in daily life scenarios.

海域天然气水合物储层改造增产技术研究进展

天然气水合物是以甲烷为主的烃类气体在高压、低温条件下形成的固态可燃烧的结晶化合物,主要分布在温度和压力条件适合的陆域冻土区和海底,其中有超过90%的天然气水合物分布在海底的沉积物中(黄鑫等,2022;王志刚等,2023)。当前已探明的天然气水合物储量是全球石化燃料资源的2倍,如果能够开采出15%的天然气水合物.

耳后磨骨槽技术在脑深部电刺激术中的应用

脑深部电刺激术已广泛应用于帕金森病、特发性震颤、肌张力障碍、难治性癫痫等神经精神疾病,操作步骤复杂,临床应用易引起一定的并发症如颅内出血、感染等手术并发症,电极断裂、电极移位等硬件并发症,以及感觉异常、肌肉痉挛等刺激并发症,其中电极断裂、皮肤破溃感染是常见并发症且主要位于耳后。首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院于2012年将耳后磨骨槽技术应用于临床,显著降低耳后电极断裂和皮肤破溃感染的风险。本文重点介绍耳后磨骨槽技术及其临床应用注意事项,供同道参考借鉴。

基于肌肉电刺激技术的智能保健内衣设计

为解决久坐办公人群因久坐行为引发颈肩腰部疲劳疼痛等亚健康问题,以久坐青年女性作为目标人群,调查分析其对智能保健内衣的功能需求,设计一款基于肌肉电刺激技术的智能保健内衣。将肌肉电刺激技术与内衣有效结合,以银纤维织物作为导电材料,结合功能穴位与移动终端设计,使内衣具有智能按摩与保健功能,并对内衣进行性能测评。结果表明,该肌肉电刺激智能保健内衣具有缓解肌肉紧张、酸痛功效。该研究对提升相关智能保健类可穿戴产品的设计创新与市场应用具有一定参考价值。

沁水盆地南部郑庄区块中北部煤层气直井增产新技术研究与应用

为提高沁水盆地郑庄区块中北部煤层气直井产量,基于研究区评价井地应力测试资料、压裂裂缝监测资料,分析了研究区直井增产效果差的原因,提出了针对性增产技术,开展了现场对比试验,并对结果进行了分析,结果表明郑庄中北部直井产量低、措施增产效果差的主因为:①研究区以垂直裂缝为主、压裂缝长较短,且随着埋深增加,相同压裂规模形成的裂缝尺寸减小;②随着埋深增加,支撑剂嵌入深度增加,裂缝闭合加快,导致稳产时间短,产气曲线主体形态为“单峰型”;③经初次压裂后煤体结构更加破碎,新裂缝容易进入初次压裂裂缝,造新缝难度增加。针对上述原因,创新提出的充填预堵+大规模压裂+远端支撑增产技术,“充填预堵”即先采用相对较低的排量、砂比、规模充填初次压裂裂缝,然后再进行大规模重复压裂,实现堵老缝、造新缝。“大规模”压裂即大排量、大液量、高砂比压裂,将压裂液量由600~800 m^(3)提高至1300~2000 m^(3)以上,增加改造体积;将排量由6~8 m^(3)/min提高至10~14 m^(3)/min以上,增加裂缝长度和携砂性能;采用低黏压裂液体系配合低密度支撑剂,将砂比由7%~8%提高至10%~15%以上,提高铺砂强度,降低裂缝闭合程度。“远端支撑”即采用自悬浮支撑剂与大排量相结合,增长支撑剂运移距离,提高支撑裂缝比例。充填预堵+大规模压裂+远端支撑增产技术实施后平均单井日产量达到1380 m^(3),比措施前增产1190 m^(3),比邻井稳产气量增加近1000 m^(3),实现了郑庄中北部中深储层连片低产区直井产量突破。现场对比试验表明:实施“充填预堵”后再进行大规模压裂,平均净施工压力比初次压裂增加了3.3 MPa,形成了新裂缝,比直接进行大规模压裂增量提高1000 m^(3)。总体上,充填预堵+大规模压裂+远端支撑增产技术关键参数数值越大,增产效果越好。

“双碳”目标下激励我国低碳技术创新的法律机制研究

激励低碳技术创新是我国经济结构逐步朝着低碳化方向转型的关键手段,也是我国未来参与国际科技竞争的核心竞争力来源。但是,现阶段我国“双碳”目标下低碳转型还存在现实难点与困境:低碳技术创新中权责定位分工存在错位,低碳技术创新科研成果转化率较低,低碳技术创新在宣传推广中普及率不高,低碳技术创新领域的法律制度保障体系缺失。低碳技术系统性革新需要从分散式创新转向制度集成创新。吸收借鉴国外激励低碳技术创新的先进经验,中国未来激励低碳技术创新要逐步从政府支持转向市场诱致。构建全套支持低碳技术创新的法律制度体系,创新低碳技术革新中地方特别立法授权模式,强化低碳技术创新中财政与税收双重激励手段,搭建三位一体的低碳技术创新协同推进机制。

“双导一体”模式下生物医学工程专业电子技术实践教学探索

目的 以国家卫生健康事业未来发展对相关领域人才培养需求为背景,探究医学院校中生物医学工程(医工)专业电子技术实践课教学改革新模式。方法 针对现阶段医工专业电子技术实践课教学中存在的医工特色不突出问题,提出了医工专业学生为主体、教学理念基于学生岗位任职需求的成果导向和教学方式基于应用电工电子专业技术解决实际医工问题的任务导向的“双导一体”实践课教学改革新模式,成果导向的教学理念存在于课程的宏观和微观设计,任务导向的教学方式强调课程微观设计中的实践教学以具体医工任务为主线展开。教学目标、教学设计与实施、多元化教学评价构成完整闭环,促进“教”“学”持续自我完善。文中以医工专业电子技术实践教学中“多模神经电刺激仪的设计”为案例,探讨“双导一体”实践教学模式下的医工特色实践教学。结果 相比传统实践教学,“双导一体”教学模式下,电子技术课程教学质量评分平均分高于85分,学生的课程学习、竞赛和医疗仪器设计调试的积极性显著增加,知识、能力、素质三方面成绩明显提升。结论 “双导一体”实践教学模式有助于培养医工专业学生使用电工电子技术解决医工实际问题的能力,对学生毕业后投身于国家卫生健康事业起到积极作用,为医学院校中生物医学工程专业电工电子类课程的特色教学提供有意义的参考。

Bobath康复技术联合神经肌肉电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能及神经功能的影响

目的 探索Bobath康复技术联合神经肌肉电刺激对老年脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能及神经功能的影响。方法 选取2022年1月至2024年1月连云港市第一人民医院收治的老年脑卒中偏瘫患者197例,根据随机数字表法分为2组,对照组99例采用Bobath康复技术,观察组98例采用Bobath康复技术联合神经肌肉电刺激治疗。治疗后4周、8周记录并比较2组Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale, BBS)评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评估量表下肢部分(Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity, FMA-LE)评分、Barthel指数量表(Barthel index, BI)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分、中国临床神经功能缺损评分量表(China stroke scale, CSS)、步行时空参数、运动神经元兴奋性和肌肉肌电值。结果 2组治疗后4周、8周BBS评分、FMA-LE评分、BI评分均高于治疗前,NIHSS评分、CSS评分均低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后4周、8周BBS评分、FMA-LE评分、BI评分均高于对照组,NIHSS评分、CSS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。2组治疗后8周肌肉静态肌电值、肌肉收缩肌电值步宽、步频、步速、步长均大于治疗前,M波最大波幅、H波最大波幅小于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后8周肌肉静态肌电值、肌肉收缩肌电值步宽、步频、步速、步长均大于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),M波最大波幅、H波最大波幅小于对照组[(1.13±0.18)mV vs(1.59±0.23)mV,(1.22±0.21)mV vs(1.93±0.19)mV,P<0.01]。结论 对老年脑卒中偏瘫患者实施Bobath康复技术联合神经肌肉电刺激治疗能更好改善平衡功能和神经功能,提高下肢能力,恢复步行能力。

室温固态微波激光器研发与应用

微波激光因其极低的量子噪声特性,作为超低噪前置放大器和微波钟在无线通信、深空探测、导航和时频计量等领域都发挥了重要作用。文章详细介绍了微波激光器的基本原理和发展趋势,并基于典型的低温红宝石固态微波激光器研究进展,总结了低温固态微波激光器在低噪声微波放大、高稳定性微波本振和超灵敏顺磁共振三方面的应用优势。面对传统固态微波激光器所面临的低温工作环境问题,文章从微波激光形成机制创新和增益介质探索两个角度,叙述了近年来国内外为实现固态微波激光器在室温条件下运行所开展的研究工作,并对室温固态微波激光器的研究难点和未来发展趋势进行了探讨。

基于增强现实声音仿真技术的母亲声音刺激对极早产儿的影响

目的探讨基于增强现实声音仿真技术的母亲声音刺激对极早产儿的影响。方法选取2021年1月-2022年6月在广州市某三级甲等医院出生的76例极早产儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各38例。对照组实施早产儿常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采取基于增强现实声音仿真技术的母亲声音刺激干预,连续干预14 d。比较2组生长发育指标、心率、康复指标、并发症发生率。结果2组心率在时间、组间、交互效应上比较,差异均有统计学意义(F_(时间)=10.318,P<0.001;F_(组间)=7.399,P<0.001;F_(交互)=9.281,P<0.001),观察组达到全肠内营养天数短于对照组(t=2.621,P=0.011)。2组干预后身长、头围、体质量、呼吸机使用时间、用氧时间、住院天数及并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于增强现实声音仿真技术的母亲声音刺激对极早产儿干预效果良好,可稳定早产儿的心率,促进患儿尽早达到全肠道喂养。

中医适宜技术联合生物反馈电刺激干预初产妇产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的效果分析

目的观察中医适宜技术联合生物反馈电刺激对初产妇产后盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的干预效果。方法将100例初产妇产后PFD患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组50例予Kegel盆底肌训练,观察组50例在对照组基础上采用中医适宜技术联合生物反馈电刺激进行干预。2组均干预8周。比较2组干预前后膀胱残余尿量、1 h尿垫试验漏尿量、尿动力学指标[最大尿道闭合压(MUCP)、腹压漏尿点压(ALPP)、最大尿道压(MUP)、功能性尿道长度(FUL)]、盆底肌力(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌电压与阴道动态压力)、女性性功能指数量表(FSFI)及尿失禁生活质量问卷(I-QOL)评分。结果2组干预后膀胱残余尿量和1 h尿垫试验漏尿量均较本组干预前减少(P<0.05),且观察组干预后均少于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后MUCP、ALPP、MUP均较本组干预前升高(P<0.05),且观察组干预后均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组干预后FUL均变长(P<0.05),且观察组干预后长于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后盆底肌力均较本组干预前升高(P<0.05),且观察组干预后均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后FSFI各项评分均较本组干预前升高(P<0.05),且观察组干预后均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后I-QOL各项评分均较本组干预前升高(P<0.05),且观察组干预后均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中医适宜技术联合生物反馈电刺激法能够提高初产妇产后PFD患者的盆底肌力水平,改善尿失禁症状,提升性生活质量及生活质量。