Microstructure investigation of a new type super high strength aluminum alloy at different heat-treated conditions

As a structural material with low density and high strength, super-highstrength aluminum alloys have a future for wide application. However, its poor stress corrosionresistance (SCC) restricts further development. In present, retrogression and re-ageing (RRA)treatment, which can improve both strength and SCCR of 7XXX series alloy, is a best method to solvethis problem. The effect of RRA treatment on the microstructure evolution of a new type lowfrequency electric-magnetic casting Al-9.OZn-2.45Mg-2.2Cu-0.15Zr alloy was investigated using DSCand TEM technologies. The results show that the typical microstructure of the alloy at T6 conditionis characterized by both fine eta' and GP zone homogeneously distributed in the matrix andcontinuous r) particles occurred on the grain-boundary. After RRA treatment, the matrixprecipitations are mainly fine and dispersed eta' and eta phases, being coarser and more stable thanthat from T6 temper. While, the grain-boundary microstructure is very close to that resulting fromT73 temper. High retrogression temperature and long retrogression time leads to a more stablemicrostructure after re-ageing.

Microstructural investigation and castability anticipation in modern Ti/Al/Nb-containing nickel-based superalloys

A quantitative relation between the γ/γ′ and γ/Laves intermetallics was investigated with the change of chemical composition, i.e., Ti, Al and Nb in the third generation of nickel-based superalloys. The results demonstrated that the maximum amount of intermetallic eutectics （i.e., 41.5%, mass fraction） has been formed in 9.8% （Ti＋Al）. It is predicted that high level of intermetallics formed in the 3GSA-HNM-1 （γ-9.8%（Ti＋Al）） deteriorates its castability. The type and morphology of eutectic intermetallics change and the amount considerably diminishes by decreasing Ti＋Al in 3GSA-HNM-2 （γ-7.6%（Ti＋Al）, 1.5% Nb）. Thus, it is predicted that the castability for the 3GSA-HNM-2 improves. The amount of Laves intermetallics shows an ascending behavior again, however, with less intensity by increasing the Nb content in the 3GSA-HNM-3 （γ-5.7%（Ti＋Al）, 2.9% Nb）. It can be concluded that for 3GSA-HNM-3 with composition of γ-5.7%（Ti＋Al） and 2.9% Nb, the optimized castability can be anticipated, because the minimum amount of eutectic intermetallics （i.e., 4.7%） is formed.

Susceptibility to Hot Cracking and Weldment Heat Treatment of Haynes 230 Superalloy

This study investigates the susceptibility of hot cracking and weldment heat treatment of Haynes 230 superalloy. The Varestriant test was conducted to evaluate this susceptibility. Welding was performed by gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW） and plasma arc welding （PAW） with stress relief heat treatment and solid solution heat treatment. A tensile test is then performed to measure the changes in the mechanical properties of the heattreated material. The results indicate that the number of thermal cycles does not affect the susceptibility of Haynes 230 superalloy to hot cracking. However, it does increase the strain. In weldment of heat treatment, stress relief annealing increases the yield strength and tensile strength of the welded parts. The section of the tensile specimens shows fibrous fractures on the welded parts, regardless of whether they are heat-treated.

Experimental Study on Machining Shape Hole of Ni-based Super-heat-resistant Alloy

Inconel 718 and Waspaloy, Nickel-based super-heat-resistant alloy, are high-strength, thermal-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy that are widely used in parts of gas turbines and airplane engines. Due to their extremely tough and thermal-resistant nature, they are well known as materials that are difficult to cut. Shape holes on a disc of an aircraft engine, made of Ni-based super-heat-resistant alloy, are required with good surface integrity and geometric accuracy. This kind of shape hole is produced by EDM (Electro-discharge machining) currently. It is necessary to investigate an alternative machining process to reduce the process time and improve the surface quality. This paper presents an experimental study on the machining methods for the shape hole of Ni-base super-heat-resistant alloy Inconel 718 and Waspaloy. The feasibility using milling or/and grinding as an alternative for currently EDM process to machine shape holes is assessed by observing the wear and breakage of the cutting tools and grinder and analyzing the hole surface integrity and geometric accuracy. The results show that the milling process of Inconel 718 and Waspaloy can produce shape holes with acceptable surface roughness and geometric accuracy efficiently. The machined Waspaloy shape holes reveal a slight decrease tendency in section dimension from the top of the its bottom. There is a larger deviation from the nominal profile at the segment with smaller radius. A thin softened surface layer with thickness smaller than 60 μm occurs on the machined Waspaloy shape holes. The softening and work hardening become remarkable with the progress of tool wear.

Inner and outer pressure forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections

A novel forming method of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections was proposed by using inner and outer pressure with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium at room temperature,and the principle of the method was provided.Experiments and FE simulations were carried out to analyze the deformation characteristics for the part with larger variable diameter ratio(35%).The results show that visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of the room-temperature deformation condition for nickel based super-alloy sheet.The inner and outer pressure forming with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy for the thin-walled part with variable diameter sections.The thinning of wall-thickness is less than 4%.This method provides a new approach for near-net shape forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled parts with variable diameter sections.

The Heat Treatment Behavior of Super-High Strength Aluminum Alloys by Spray Forming

In order to understand the stress corrosion behavior of super-high strength aluminum alloys by spray forming, different aluminum alloys by different heat treatment was made. The results showed that the alloy with peak aging has the most sensitive stress corrosion cracking, the crack can even be seen using eyes;the alloys with two step aging were better than one step aging alloys, the alloys has not been found stress corrosion cracking.

STUDY ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF AlSi ALLOY USING ION BEAM MIXING

Ion beam mixing is conducted at liquid helium temperature to study the superconductivlty of AlSi alloy(Al-21.8at%Si).Along with the process of transforming from multilayer structure to Q uniform Al and St alloy3 the superconducting properties are continuously improved.The highest To obtained is 6.84K.

Deformation-Induced Large Ductility of Super Saturated Solid Solution Fe-Cu Alloy

The mechanical properties of super saturated solid solution Fe60Cu40 alloy has been investigated using compression test. The results show that the grain precipitation and phase transformation occurs during compressive deformation resulting in large work-hardening ability, high strength and large ductility. Our results demonstrate that this novel architecture offers a design pathway towards a new generation of strong materials with large ductility.

Super-Elasticity Characteristics of TiNi Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion

A Ni-rich TiNi alloy was processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) at 500℃. After four passes ECAE treatment, microstructure of the alloy was refined but slightly inhomogeneous, to sub-micron scale, approximately 0.5～0.6 μm. Comparing with the solution-treated TiNi specimen, the martensitic transformations start (Ms) and peak temperatures (Mp) of TiNi specimens processed by ECAE were dramatically lowered. After ECAE treatment, the R-phase transformation was stimulated and separated from martensitic transformation, but occurred within a larger temperature range. Super-elasticity characteristics of TiNi alloy were tested by tensile loading and unloading cycles. The results revealed that at a tensile strain of 6% or smaller, TiNi alloy processed by four passes ECAE showed better super-elasticity, with less residual strain retained, than solution-treated sample. After tensile strain exceeded 6%, up to 8%, the maximum recoverable strain of TiNi alloy ECAE treated was decreased. Microstructure evolution and its effect on phase transformations and super-elasticity characteristics were discussed.

海洋平台海水系统新材料适用性研究

海洋平台利用周围取之不尽的海水作为平台的工艺处理介质已成常规做法。因为海水利用的普通性、经济性以及重要性,对于海水系统选材通常涉及到的使用寿命、制造成本、耐腐蚀性能等多个方面研究值得关注。对常用的几种海水管道材料进行了系统的比较和评价,并介绍了一些新型材料应用前景。在综合考虑各种材料的优劣后,提出了一种最适合海洋平台海水系统的选材方案,并阐述了其理由和依据。旨在为海洋平台海水系统设计和施工提供借鉴。

碳中和目标下新一代超高参数煤电机组技术体系

该文围绕“双碳”目标,分析煤电对支撑我国新型电力系统的重要作用以及燃煤发电技术的主要发展方向,提出下一代超超临界燃煤发电技术体系,并简要介绍相关研发实践。该技术体系基于国产化的HT700系列高温合金材料,耦合高参数煤电、煤电灵活性、烟气污染物低温氧化吸附(cold oxidation adsorption process,COAP与COAP+)脱除近零排放技术、碳补集、利用与封存技术(carboncapture,utilization and storage,CCUS)、数字化智能化及燃煤耦合多源固废发电等前沿技术,建议开发新一代超高参数燃煤发电机组,实现机组煤耗与能耗水平、运行稳定性、灵活性的有机统一,支撑我国“双碳”目标的实现。

精细金属掩模板用近零夹杂Invar合金制备技术

Invar合金是制备精细金属掩模板(Fine Metal Mask,简称FMM)的重要基材,其纯净度直接影响FMM的质量以及有机发光二极管(Organic Light EmittingDiode,简称OLED)技术的发展水平。首先概述了FMM的主要制备技术,介绍了对FMM基材Invar合金的质量要求,并对国产Invar合金箔和国外进口Invar合金箔内的夹杂物进行了表征分析。结果表明,国产Invar合金箔的纯净度与进口Invar合金箔相比,仍存在很大的差距,主要体现在夹杂物的尺寸和数量等方面。为实现OLED配套产业全国产化,攻克Invar合金的近零夹杂难题,开发新型制备技术是关键突破点。最后详细论述了超重力技术在Invar合金除杂方面的研究成果和电铸Invar合金箔应用的可行性,并指出超重力技术和电铸技术有望解决近零夹杂金属材料的制备难题。

激光选区熔化技术制备NiTi合金的研究进展与应用

NiTi合金作为一种典型的形状记忆合金,除了具有独特的形状记忆效应,还拥有优异的超弹性、生物相容性和力学性能,广泛应用于医学、机械、微电子等领域。然而,由于该合金延展性过高、加工硬化、低热导等问题,传统的切削方法加工工艺复杂、成本高,限制了其工程化应用。增材制造技术(Additive manufacturing, AM)又称3D打印技术,以其独特的一体化成形的技术优势,有效地改善了传统加工方法存在的问题。对此,国内外学者对激光选区熔化(SLM) 3D打印镍钛合金成形工艺进行了大量研究,并取得了丰硕成果。综述了近年来选区激光熔化镍钛的研究进展,简述了选区激光熔化和热处理工艺与镍钛合金的相变温度、组织结构、力学性能等映射关系,着重分析了SLM工艺参数对镍钛合金超弹性的影响规律,揭示了其影响机制,介绍了激光选区熔化镍钛合金的在医学领域的应用,并对未来NiTi合金的增材制造技术的发展提出了展望。

DD5缓进磨削表面粗糙度和硬化率对疲劳性能影响研究

为研究DD5镍基单晶高温合金缓进磨削表面粗糙度和硬化率对疲劳性能的影响规律及机理,设计实验并进行了试件磨削与疲劳性能测试。结果表明:表面粗糙度的增大引起应力集中加剧,导致疲劳性能降低,不同磨削工艺下表面粗糙度由0.347μm增大到0.687μm,其疲劳寿命由5.51×10^(5)降至3.38×10^(5),下降率约38.66%;表面粗糙度小于0.4μm时表面硬化可提高试件疲劳寿命,表面粗糙度超过0.4μm时表面硬化对疲劳性能的影响不显著;形貌测试结果表明,随着表面粗糙度的提高,磨削表面耕犁产生的沟壑数量和深度均增大,疲劳载荷作用下磨削表面裂纹源数量增加、应力集中加剧,从而导致疲劳寿命降低。较小的表面粗糙度与较大的表面硬化率均可提高DD5缓进磨削疲劳性能。

纳米晶合金粉芯的超重力渗流制备及磁性能

为了探索粉芯的新制备工艺,以Fe_(73.5)Cu_(1)Nb_(3)Si1_(3.5)B_(9)纳米晶合金铁芯为原料,使用机械破碎法制粉,并采用超重力渗流工艺制备了7种不同粒度配比的纳米晶合金粉芯,借助SEM、XRD、VSM分别对纳米晶粉末的形貌、结构和磁性能进行了表征,研究了粉末粒度配比对纳米晶合金粉芯的形貌、密度、有效磁导率、损耗及品质因数的影响。结果表明,机械破碎法制得的粉末虽带尖角,但矫顽力低,利用超重力渗流工艺制备的粉芯其粉末表面基本被树脂完全包覆。同时,通过适当的粉末粒度匹配,发现性能最佳粉芯的粉末粒度配比为:100~200目占60%,200~400目占20%,400~1000目占20%。该种粉芯的密度为4.46 g∕cm^(3),在100~3000 kHz频率范围内有效磁导率比较稳定,且在3000 kHz时为28.2。当设定磁感应强度为20 mT,频率为500 kHz时,其损耗为99.1 W/kg。另外,根据实验结果可知,该工艺能够制备出频率在MHz以上具有较低损耗的粉芯。

微量元素对K418B合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了微量元素Mg对K418B合金铸态组织以及力学性能的影响。采用热力学计算软件JMatPro对K418B合金中相的稳定性及体积百分比进行计算。借助附带的能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)对两种合金的显微组织及其成分进行分析。使用Image-Pro Plus软件对碳化物、γ′相和共晶相的尺寸以及体积分数进行统计分析。拉伸性能测试分别按照HB 5143和HB 5195的规定在23℃(室温)和750℃(中温)下进行。760℃/530 MPa和982℃/152 MPa持久测试按照HB5150进行。结果表明加Mg后对K418B合金的力学性能有所提升。

形状记忆合金对蒸汽发生器一次侧高水位密封组件结构及性能的优化

为替代蒸汽发生器一次侧高水位堵板装拆人工作业,利用形状记忆合金的超弹性,通过在密封组件中预埋形状记忆合金,研制了一种新型密封组件,为在核电高辐射区域应用机器人实施关键设备检修——高水位堵板装拆作业奠定了基础。与传统密封组件相比,新型蒸汽发生器高水位密封组件的结构及性能得到极大优化:省去了干密封—自密封—湿密封3道充气环密封,结构更紧凑轻便,堵板装拆机器人执行末端负载大大减轻(新型密封组件小于5 kg);预埋的形状记忆合金圈采用三道同心圆分布和二次硫化工艺,解决了金属/非金属硫化成型变形问题,回弹性好,从而满足密封组件可折叠进入,同时又可以在仅有中板支撑时稳定、准确地落座在主管道法兰环座上。

高压涡轮盘关键特征车削接刀工艺

根据高压涡轮盘设计中包含的半封闭斜腔可达性较差及粉末冶金高温合金切削阻力大的特点,通过切削仿真预测粉末冶金高温合金表面硬化层的厚度。通过FGH96棒材切削试验推断出刀具的实际切削深度与理想切削深度之间的关系,并开展试验验证。根据零件图纸要求调整刀具的切削深度,一次性完成接刀。应用该方法可以得到可靠且稳定的接刀效果,对于测量困难、有接刀要求、难切削材料零件的接刀加工具有较好的借鉴意义。

K418B合金900℃长期时效显微组织和力学性能演变

研究了900℃长期时效对K418B合金的显微组织以及力学性能的影响。采用热力学计算软件JMatPro对合金中相的稳定性及体积百分比进行计算。借助扫描电镜及附带的能谱仪对显微组织及成分进行分析。使用Image-Pro Plus软件对碳化物和γ′相的尺寸以及体积分数进行统计分析。结果表明:随着时效时间的增长,室温拉伸强度σ_(b)和σ_(0.2)逐渐下降,塑性变化不明显;750℃高温下的拉伸性能与室温拉伸的变化规律相同,σ_(b)和σ_(0.2)随着时效时间的增长,总体呈现下降趋势,塑性的变化规律不明显;760℃/530 MPa持久寿命逐渐下降,塑性逐渐上升。982℃/152 MPa持久寿命随着时效时间的增长,持久寿命呈现下降趋势,持久塑性的变化是随着时效时间的增长,塑性得到明显的提升。长期时效后由于组织发生变化导致材料强度逐步降低,材料塑性呈现上升的趋势。

隐裂牙完全纵折Super-Bond粘结后银合金冠修复

目的探索隐裂造成的完全纵折牙修复方法，恢复牙齿的生理功能。方法对完全纵折牙进行根管治疗后用Super-BondC＆B粘结纵折牙，用71％的银合金作全冠修复。结果经随访0．5～4．5年，42颗纵折牙的银合金全冠修复成功率达90．48％。结论隐裂牙完全纵折后，经完善的根管治疗，并用Super-BondC＆B粘结纵折牙后作银合金全冠修复成功率高，临床疗效显著。