Synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials and their application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions

The low-cost and efficient elimination of tetracycline from wastewater and to decrease the concentration in soils,sediments,rivers,underground water,or lakes are crucial to human health.Herein,threedimensional porous carbon nanomaterials were synthesized using glucose and NH_(4)Cl by sugarblowing process at 900℃ and then oxidized under air atmosphere for surface functional group modification.The prepared 3D porous carbon nanomaterials were applied for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.The sorption isotherms were well simulated by the Langmuir model,with the calculated sorption capacity of 2378 mg·g^(-1) for C-450 at pH=6.5,which was the highest value of today's reported materials.The porous carbon nanomaterials showed high stability at acidic conditions and selectivity in high salt concentrations.The good recycle ability and high removal efficiency of tetracycline from natural groundwater indicated the potential application of the porous carbon nanomaterials in natural environmental antibiotic pollution cleanup.The outstanding sorption properties were attributed to the structures,surface areas and functional groups,strong interactions such as H-bonding,π-π interaction,electrostatic attraction,etc.This paper highlighted the synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials with high specific surfaces,high sorption capacities,stability,and reusability in organic chemicals'pollution treatment.

Emerging Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanomaterials for Stable and Dendrite-Free Alkali Metal Anodes:Challenges,Strategies,and Perspectives

Alkali metals(Li,Na,and K)are promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable alkali metal battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,the actual application of alkali metal anodes is impeded by the challenges of alkali metals,including their high chemical reactivity,uncontrolled dendrite growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase,and infinite volume expansion during cycling processes.Introducing carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodesis an effective solution to these issues.These nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their unique properties,such as their high specific surface area,superior electronic conductivity,and excellent mechanical stability.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,we review recent progress on the application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.The merits and issues of alkali metal anodes,as well as their stabilizing strategies are summarized.Furthermore,the relationships among methods of synthesis,nano-or microstructures,and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotube-based alkali metal anodes are systematically discussed.In addition,advanced characterization technologies on the reaction mechanism of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodes are also reviewed.Finally,the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of carbon nanotube-based AMAs in high-performance alkali metal batteries are discussed.

Research Analysis on the Microscopic Properties and Damping Performance of Carbon Nanomaterial-Modified Cement Mortar

The application of carbon nanomaterials, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes, in cement-based composites is highly significant. These materials demonstrate the multifunctionality of carbon and offer extensive possibilities for technological advancements. This research analyzes how the integration of graphene into cement-based composites enhances damping and mechanical properties, thereby contributing to the safety and durability of structures. Research on carbon nanomaterials is ongoing and is expected to continue driving innovation across various industrial sectors, promoting the sustainable development of building materials.

Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials on Soil Enzyme Activity of Turfgrass

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon nanomaterials on soil ecosystem and explore the ecological risks of environmental exposure of carbon nanomaterials. [Methods] The effects of carbon nanomaterials on soil enzyme activity was studied by adding graphene, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes to turfgrass soil. [Results] Compared with the control(CK), the activity of soil protease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase was not significantly affected by carbon nanomaterials. Under the treatment of carbon nanotubes, urease activity was significantly lower than that of graphene and graphene oxide, and dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower than that of the CK, graphene and graphene oxide. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the safe application of carbon nanomaterials.

Preparation,Properties,and Applications of Low-Dimensional Molecular Organic Nanomaterials

In recent years, great progress has been made in research and development of small-molecule organic materials with various low-dimensional nanostructures. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research progress in this field, including preparation, electronic and optoelectronic properties and applications. First, an introduction gives to the reprecipitation, soft templates methods, and progress in synthesis and morphological control of low-dimensional small-molecule organic nanomaterials. Their unique optical and electronic properties and research progress in these aspects are reviewed and discussed in detail. Applications based on low-dimensional small-molecule organic nanomaterials are briefly described. Finally, some perspectives to the future development of this field are addressed.

Carbon nanomaterials and their composites for supercapacitors

As a type of energy storage device between traditional capacitors and batteries,the supercapacitor has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection,high power density,fast charging and discharging speed,long cycle life,and so forth.One of the key factors affecting the performance of supercapacitor is the electrode material.Carbon materials,such as carbon nanotube,graphene,activated carbon,and carbon nanocage,are most widely concerned in the application of supercapacitors.The synergistic effect of composites can often obtain excellent results,which is one of the common strategies to increase the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.To further improve the performance of binary composites,it is a relatively simple method to increase the components as the“bridge”between the two materials to form the ternary composites.The review mainly introduces the current research progress of supercapacitors with pure carbon nanomaterials and multistage carbon nanostructures(composites)as electrodes.The characteristics and application directions of different pure carbon nanomaterials are introduced in detail.Different ways of multilevel structure(material)composite have their own effects on the development of high-performance supercapacitors.We also highlight the recent advances related to these fields and provide our insight into high-energy supercapacitors.

Synthesis and Characterization of W-doped TiO_2 Supported by Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and C_(60) Fullerene by a Hydrothermal Method

W-doped TiO2 supported by hybrid carbon nanomaterials of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerene was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The material displayed high visible light photocatalytic activity. X-ray diffraction, field emission transmission electron microscopy, ultra violet/visible light absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the material as photoeatalyst. Photocatalytic activity on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye in an aqueous solution under ultraviolet light and visible light irradiation was also studied. The experimental results indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the material was much higher than that of pure TiO2 or Degussa P25 TiO2.

Versatile Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials by Ferrate(Ⅵ)

As a high-valent iron compound with Fe in the highest accessible oxidation state,ferrate(VI)brings unique opportunities for a number of areas where chemical oxidation is essential.Recently,it is emerging as a novel oxidizing agent for materials chemistry,especially for the oxidation of carbon materials.However,the reported reactivity in liquid phase(H2SO4 medium)is confusing,which ranges from aggressive to moderate,and even incompetent.Meanwhile,the solid-state reactivity underlying the“dry”chemistry of ferrate(VI)remains poorly understood.Herein,we scrutinize the reactivity of K2FeO4 using fullerene C60 and various nanocarbons as substrates.The results unravel a modest reactivity in liquid phase that only oxidizes the active defects on carbon surface and a powerful oxidizing ability in solid state that can open the inert C=C bonds in carbon lattice.We also discuss respective benefit and limitation of the wet and dry approaches.Our work provides a rational understanding on the oxidizing ability of ferrate(VI)and can guide its application in functionalization/transformation of carbons and also other kinds of materials.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Three Carbon Nanomaterials on the Growth of Festuca arundinacea in Compost Substrate

[Objectives] This study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of municipal solid waste resources, the remediation of contaminated substrates and the ecological safety of urban lawn planting. [Methods] Graphene, multi-layer graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to municipal solid waste(MSW) compost as turf substrate to determine the morphological indicators such as turfgrass biomass, chlorophyll contents and plant height. [Results] There were no significant differences in the plant height of Festuca arundinacea between different treatment groups in the first 30 d. The effects of adding different carbon nanomaterials on the fresh and dry weights of F. arundinacea were not significantly different. The aboveground biomass of F. arundinacea was the largest after adding graphene oxide, and the underground fresh weight decreased significantly in the hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment compared with the control. As to the chlorophyll content, the graphene oxide treatment was the highest, but there were no significant differences between all the treatment groups and the control group. [Conclusions] This study can provide data support for MSW compost substrate, lawn planting system and heavy metal pollutant passivating agents.

Applications of carbon nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells for solar energy conversion

The energy issues and environmental concern have led to intense research activities in renewable energy conversion,such as photovoltaic(PV)to convert solar energy into electricity.Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on metal halides are rapidly emerging as the most promising and competing PV technology due to its high record power conversion efficiencies and potentially low production costs.Conductive carbon materials,which are abundantly available and low-cost,are introduced into the PSCs.This article provides a mini review of applications of carbon materials for perovskite solar cells.Firstly,a brief introduction of the development of perovskite solar cell is provided.Secondly,applications of carbon nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells are presented and discussed.Finally,an outlook and perspective on the future research directions of carbon nanomaterial for perovskite solar cells is provided.

Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

Utilization of Nanomaterials as Anode Modifiers for Improving Microbial Fuel Cells Performance

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are an attractive innovation at the nexus of energy and water security for the future.MFC utilizes electrochemically active microorganisms to oxidize biodegradable substrates and generate bioelectricity in a single step.The material of the anode plays a vital role in increasing the MFC’s power output.The anode in MFC can be upgraded using nanomaterials providing benefits of exceptional physicochemical properties.The nanomaterials in anode gives a high surface area,improved electron transfer promotes electroactive biofilm.Enhanced power output in terms of Direct current(DC)can be obtained as the consequence of improved microbe-electrode interaction.However,several limitations like complex synthesis and degeneration of property do exist in the development of nanomaterial-based anode.The present review discusses different renewable nanomaterial applied in the anode to recover bioelectricity in MFC.Carbon nanomaterials have emerged in the past decade as promising materials for anode construction.Composite materials have also demonstrated the capacity to become potential anode materials of choice.Application of a few transition metal oxides have been explored for efficient extracellular electron transport(EET)from microbes to the anode.

Synthesis of (B-C-N) Nanomaterials by Arc Discharge Using Heterogeneous Anodes

In spite of the current prevalence of the CVD-based processes, the electric arc remains an interesting process for the synthesis of carbon nanoforms, thanks to its versatility, robustness and easiness. It also allows performing in-situ substitution of carbon atoms by hetero-elements in the graphene lattice. Our work aims to establish a correlation between the plasma properties, type and chemical composition （and the substitution rate） of the obtained single-wall carbon nan- otubes. The plasma was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy and the products were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and core level Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy （EELS）. Results show that a high boron content leads to a plasma temperature decrease and hinders the formation of nanotubes. This effect can be compensated by increasing the arc current and/or yttrium content. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of boron- and/or nitrogen-substituted nanotubes correspond to a high axial plasma temperature associated to a strong radial gradient. EELS analysis confirmed that the boron incorporates into the graphenic lattice.

Deformation and failure in nanomaterials via a data driven modelling approach

A data driven computational model that accounts for more than two material states has been presented in this work. Presented model can account for multiple state variables, such as stresses,strains, strain rates and failure stress, as compared to previously reported models with two states.Model is used to perform deformation and failure simulations of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. The model capability of capturing the strain rate dependent deformation and failure has been demonstrated through predictions against uniaxial test data taken from literature. The predicted results show a good agreement between data set taken from literature and simulations.

Bulk Composite Nanomaterial with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

The properties of the composite nanomaterials (CNM) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), both functionalized and non-functionalized, were investigated. In order to obtain the solid-state bulk CNM from the ultradispersed aqueous solutions of 25 wt.% BSA and (0.0015 - 0.04) wt.% MWCNT, the methods of nanotechnology and laser technology were used. It is revealed that the CNM density is 10% - 20% higher than that of water and the hardness is higher than that of BSA by a factor of 3 - 6 times. An increase in hardness Hv (by Vickers) of CNM correlated with an increase in the concentration of MWCNT, and Hyreached ~300 MPa for the case of the non-functionalized MWCNT, while for the case of the functionalized MWCNT, i.e. MWCNTf, Hy was 25% lower.

Electrically-Conductive Composite Nanomaterial with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Specific conductivity of the composite nanomaterial layers with micron and submicron dimensions, consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was investigated. Ultradispersed aqueous suspension was deposited on soft (aluminum foil, plates made from polyester and polyimide, cotton fabric, office paper) and solid (coverslip, silicon wafers with silicon oxide layer) substrates by silk-screen printing. Electrical resistance was measured by four-probe method and by the method of square on surface from which the conductivity and conductivity per square of surface were calculated taking into account layer’s geometric dimensions. Specific conductivity of the layers with thickness range 0.5 - 5 μm was? ~1.2×104÷4×104 S/m, and max conductivity per square was ~ 0.2 S. Investigated nanomaterial is attractive to electronic and biomedical applications.

The influence of composition of asphaltenes of different genesis on the properties of carbon materials manufactured from them by plasma processing

The results of experimental studies of carbon materials, which are formed in the plasma of a direct current (DC) arc discharge initiated in open air from the asphaltenes of different origins, extracted from the natural asphaltite and from the oil of the Sredne-Ugutskoye Oilfield, are presented. The influence of the initial asphaltene composition on the composition and properties of the resulting carbon materials is analyzed. The initial asphaltenes and the samples of the carbon materials are characterized by the methods of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, laser diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The changes in the composition and structure of the asphaltenes are determined before and after their plasma treatment and the hypotheses are put forward concerning the chemical processes causing the changes in the molecular structure of the samples. As a result of plasma treatment of asphaltenes (100 A, 30 s), it was shown that graphitization occurs, as well as oxidation, and a decrease in sulfur content. Moreover, nanotubes and nano-onions have been detected using electron microscopy. Petroleum asphaltenes after plasma treatment give a less thermostable carbon material, but with a lower content of heteroatoms, and with a large amount of sulfur in the composition of sulfoxide structural fragments. This method is shown to be a promising technology for processing the petroleum feedstock enriched with heavy asphaltene components for the manufacture of carbon nanomaterials: nanotubes, nano-onions and polyhedral graphite.

Bimetallic AgNi nanoparticles anchored onto MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanostrips for efficient hydrogen evolution

Hydrogen energy has long been recognized as a clean alternative to conventional fossil fuels,which can be applied in a wide range of transportation and power generation applications.The rational design and engineering of high-performance and robust catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)shows not a great significance but a challenge for efficient electrochemical water splitting.Herein,a new type of Nibased Ni-ABDC precursor has been obtained,which leads to the formation of N-doped porous carbon nanomaterials uniformly coated with wellproportioned bimetallic AgNi alloys via a stepwise strategy.To their credit,all samples of AgNi/NC-X are structurally calcined from the pristine AgNi-ABDC-X by tuning the different concentration of AgNO3,which means all of them maintain the vermicelli-like morphology compared with Ni-ABDC.The series of AgNi/NC-X materials can be regarded as effective electrocatalysts for HER both in acidic and alkaline media,but an acid-leaching phenomenon is observed.Among them,the as-prepared AgNi/NC-2 exhibits a low overpotential of 103 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and decent durability with a high retention rate of 90.9%after 10 h in 1.0 mol L^(-1)KOH electrolyte.The compelling HER properties of AgNi/NC-2 can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the hierarchical carbon materials,partial N-doping and abundant AgNi alloys.Meanwhile,this study provides a practicable method for the development of efficient HER electrocatalysts for energy applications,which can be conveniently prepared through the reasonable introduction of active components in the crystalline inorganic-organic precursors.©2021 Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

零维纳米碳基靶向药物递送系统在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展(综述)

【目的】零维纳米碳基靶向药物递送系统是以具有良好稳定性和生物相容性的纳米碳材料作为药物载体,担载药物、基因以及靶向组分构建的药物递送复合体,在肿瘤治疗领域具有重要的应用价值。【方法】对零维纳米碳基药物载体的结构、靶向药物递送系统的构建及其在化学治疗、基因治疗和诊疗一体化中的应用进行综述。首先,对零维纳米碳材料进行分类。其次,从靶向修饰和药物担载两个方面总结纳米碳基靶向药物递送系统的构建策略。最后,对零维纳米碳基靶向药物递送系统的应用进展进行综述,进而给出其目前在肿瘤治疗中所面临的问题。【结论】为零维纳米碳基靶间药物递送系统在生物医学领域的广泛应用提供可借鉴的理论和实践经验。

纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中分散技术及表征方法的研究进展

纳米碳材料具有独特的结构和优异的性能,能够作为增强材料改善水泥基材料的性能,受到了广泛研究与关注,然而这均以纳米碳材料在水泥中能够良好分散为基础。纳米碳材料比表面积大,分子间作用力强,难以直接分散在水泥基体中,且分散效果也不易判断。本文系统梳理了常见的纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中团聚的机理,总结了近年来国内外学者采用的分散技术,详细分析了各种分散方法的机理与优缺点,同时列举了纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中分散效果的表征方法。在未来的研究中,可以重点开发更高效、更适合工业化生产的分散方法,研究纳米碳材料在水泥基体中真实分散状态的评价手段,助力纳米碳改性水泥基复合材料在实际工程项目中的规模化应用。