The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology:A Disruptive Innovation Perspective

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

A hybrid method for product low-end disruptive innovation

Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products.Low-end disruptive innovation(LDI)enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market.The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations.Thus,they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs.This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI.Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies.The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme.Then,the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI.The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.

Disruptive Innovation in the Nordic Countries＇ Healthcare Systems

The Nordic healtheare model is recognized to be one of the most innovative in the world. Here billions of USD are annually invested in developing new treatments, drugs, robots etc. to diagnose and cure diseases. Nevertheless, this study establishes that there is a fundamental shortcoming in the system that supports healthcare innovation： It is strongly biased towards micro-level innovation projects focusing on new products, alternative processes, and new financial solutions. The problem with this approach to support new projects is that the results are created as inventions within the system thus lacking holistic perspectives. This has consequently contributed with increasing costs that are out of proportion with existing budgets. Therefore this study seeks to analyze the current understanding of the Nordic healthcare system from a business model perspective. Here other aspects of the healthcare system are explored to determine if they could be redesigned to promote new types of innovation projects. The purpose of undertaking this task is to challenge the established patterns of the current healthcare innovation support practices. Here the vertical innovation process （VIP） framework, which is a systematic radical innovation model that seeks macro-level outcomes based on standalone inventions （see more below）, is applied to analyze the current state-of-the-art in Nordic healthcare innovation projects. The results determine that very little attention is given to rethink and redesign the healthcare system at a macro-level, and it is discussed that stand-alone inventions ought to be rethought into the entire healthcare system to create a larger impact. Finally, it is argued that existing performance measures are inappropriate to foster projects that innovate the existing system： New measuring points should be developed to promote macro-level projects and to avoid the current rapid increase of costs in the Nordic healthcare system.

The Strategy of Industrial Clusters to Deal with Disruptive Innovation

Disruptive innovation may be a fatal threat to industrial clusters, or it may be a major development opportunity. The key lies in how industrial clusters respond to disruptive innovation. The main obstacles to the development of disruptive innovation in industrial clusters are lock-in and cluster inertia, which originate from the negative effects of cluster system isomorphism. In order to break through the development barriers, industrial clusters need to adopt a targeted overall response strategy, including adopting bottom-up local subversive innovation policies, introducing external knowledge, encouraging spin-off entrepreneurial enterprises, and encouraging alliances and cooperation between incumbent enterprises and entrepreneurial enterprises, etc.

Potential Applications of Milk Fractions and Valorization of Dairy By-Products: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Available Data, Outlining the Innovation Potential from a Bigger Data Standpoint

The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation of milk is the key in the development of those ingredients and products;hence continuous research and development on this field, especially various levels of fractionation and separation by filtration, have been carried out. This review focuses on the production of milk fractions as well as their particular properties, applications and processes that increase their exploitation. Whey proteins and caseins from the protein fraction are excellent emulsifiers and protein supplements. Besides, they can be chemically or enzymatically modified to obtain bioactive peptides with numerous functional and nutritional properties. In this context, valorization techniques of cheese-whey proteins, by-product of dairy industry that constitutes both economic and environmental problems, are being developed. Phospholipids from the milk fat fraction are powerful emulsifiers and also have exclusive nutraceutical properties. In addition, enzyme modification of milk phospholipids makes it possible to tailor emulsifiers with particular properties. However, several aspects remain to be overcome;those refer to a deeper understanding of the healthy, functional and nutritional properties of these new ingredients that might be barriers for its use and acceptability. Additionally, in this review, alternative applications of milk constituents in the non-food area such as in the manufacture of plastic materials and textile fibers are also introduced. The unmet needs, the cross-fertilization in between various protein domains,the carbon footprint requirements, the environmental necessities, the health and wellness new demand, etc., are dominant factors in the search for innovation approaches;these factors are also outlining the further innovation potential deriving from those “apparent” constrains obliging science and technology to take them into account.

Innovations on Online Journalism： Discussing Social Business Design Models

The main focus of this paper is the analysis on how social business recent management proposals fit to a media/journalistic business environment. The discussion was based on three research questions focusing on： the drivers and the constraints of disruption innovation strategies; the adequate social business design framework to promote innovation; and an evaluation over the practices/experiences related to disruption, innovation, and creativity in journalistic businesses. A conceptual framework the Latour/Law Actor-Network Theory （ANT） has been taken as. Six possible dimensions of action to make this framework valuable some successful practices have also been identified, and in this paper the authors view over these concepts. The main conclusion goes through the understanding of journalistic culture and legitimacy embedded for centuries over society, and to change this will depend on multiple enablers.

颠覆性创新、场景驱动与新质生产力发展

加快颠覆性创新转化为新质生产力,是新时代推进现代化产业体系建设和赋能高质量发展的重要任务。颠覆性技术的演化、新兴产业的成长都离不开应用场景的支撑。新兴技术的应用场景具有多样性、规模性、演进性、协同性、不确定性等特征,在其“工程化—商业化—产业化”动态演进过程中发挥着技术验证、需求验证和生态构建的作用。实践中,促进一些突破既有法律和政策边界的创新在特定场景中的应用,需要提升政策适配性。为此,应坚持统筹设计,推进包容、审慎监管;增加场景供给,加大场景示范推广力度;提升场景创新能力,夯实场景创新基础;培育融合创新生态,优化服务保障。最终,通过创新、构建和发展应用场景,加快发展新质生产力。

颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配及激励机制

我国颠覆性创新多元化投入机制的平台支撑体系建设亟待完善,因此需深入研究适用于颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配以及政府补贴机制。其中,公平的利益分配和合理化的激励机制是促使颠覆性技术多元投入有效性的关键因素。因此,针对颠覆性技术多元化投入利益分配以及激励机制设计等问题,采取合作-非合作博弈分析颠覆性技术多元投入的各个参与主体行为,引入风险因子探讨不同主体主导下的情况,并进一步研究政府补贴对各主体投入积极性的影响,进而以明晰多元化投入的激励机制方案选择。研究发现:在颠覆性创新多元化投入的过程中会存在创新投入积极性不足的情况,这是由于各主体出于自身利益最大化考虑;由政府牵头时,整个颠覆性技术投入合作较由其他主体主导下的合作收益高;在政府主导下采取政府补贴形式,可以有效激励其他各个颠覆性创新投入主体的积极性。为此,促进颠覆性创新的投入多元化,政府要构建多元化投入机制,设计合理的利益分配机制与激励机制,并在参与合作时设定恰当的成本补贴额度。

企业如何通过数字化转型实现颠覆性创新?——基于潍柴集团的案例研究

数字经济时代促使企业进入数字化转型过程中,企业数字化转型离不开数字技术的发展与数字产物的嵌入,在二者的催化下多端颠覆性创新成为企业转型新常态,而数字化转型如何赋能制造业企业颠覆性创新形成数字化颠覆性创新以把握数字时代契机,打造企业新型竞争优势是可拓展的研究问题。本文以潍柴集团为例,依托于颠覆性创新理论,通过程序化扎根理论分析对象,对制造业企业实现数字化颠覆性创新的过程机制以及形成路径进行探究。研究发现,企业进行数字化颠覆性创新要经历驱动、转型以及多元三个阶段。驱动阶段,企业受内外驱动因素影响,启动数字化颠覆性创新;转型阶段,企业以生产模式转变与组织结构演化为行动路径,通过对企业内外的数字化实现企业的数字化颠覆性创新;多元阶段,通过实现商业生态系统的数字化颠覆性创新进行创新外延,形成数字商业生态系统模式,完成颠覆性创新转型。

跨界颠覆性创新的早期识别方法及实证检验

[研究目的]数字经济时代,越来越多的企业利用互联网技术开展跨界颠覆性创新。探讨跨界颠覆性创新的早期判断和识别方法,对于打破国外核心技术封锁,抢占科技制高点具有重大意义。[研究方法]根据跨界颠覆性创新的演进特点,从技术和市场两个方面提出识别跨界颠覆性创新的理论框架:首先,基于专利文本,利用LDA主题模型提取跨界技术主题;其次,从成长性、融合性、影响力和引用行业外新知识等四个特征考察技术主题跨界颠覆的技术潜力;最后,基于专利、用户和专家评论数据,借助LDA主题模型与情感分析方法,从易扩散性、需求贴合度与市场吸引力趋势等特征考察技术主题跨界颠覆的市场潜力。[研究结论]以手机定位与导航技术为例,通过考察其跨界颠覆的技术潜力特征和市场潜力特征,验证了跨界颠覆性技术早期识别方法的可用性与有效性,为企业跨界颠覆性创新实践提供借鉴。

环境扫描、机会窗口与后发企业颠覆性创新模式选择——基于吉利和比亚迪的案例研究

[研究目的]快速变化的技术环境和丰富多样的市场需求,为后发企业提供了实施颠覆性赶超的机会,如何辨识和把握外部环境机会窗口并能否契合组织内部动态能力转化为创新决策和行动是企业成败的关键。[研究方法]该文通过对浙江吉利控股集团有限公司和深圳比亚迪股份有限公司的双案例对比分析,探讨环境扫描对企业识别外部环境多重机会窗口的意义及企业内部环境与机会窗口的适配性对于企业进行颠覆性创新模式选择的重要性。[研究结论]研究发现:面对不确定性激增的商业世界,战略决策前的环境扫描可以帮助后发企业有效识别技术机会窗口、需求机会窗口及制度机会窗口,而企业内部环境的充分考量有利于后发企业将自身优势最大化,从而成功实现颠覆性创新。

创新生态系统不确定性条件下后发企业何以实现颠覆性创新——基于SOR模型的动态能力中介作用

创新生态系统被视为培养颠覆性创新的沃土,其日益增加的不确定性为后发企业提供了实现颠覆性创新的机会窗口。将动态能力细分为认知性动态能力与非认知性动态能力两个维度,利用SOR模型构建“条件刺激—能力构建—颠覆行为”的理论框架,试图打开创新生态系统不确定性条件下后发企业实现颠覆性创新的“黑箱”。基于创新生态系统中376份后发企业的样本数据,研究发现:①创新生态系统不确定性不仅对颠覆性创新有显著正向影响,而且对认知性动态能力和非认知性动态能力也有显著正向影响;②认知性动态能力与非认知性动态能力对颠覆性创新有显著正向影响,并且分别在创新生态系统不确定性与颠覆性创新关系中起部分中介作用;③创新生态系统开放度能够正向调节创新生态系统不确定性与认知性动态能力关系。研究有助于指导面对不确定性的后发企业实现“弯道超车”,并且为创新生态系统突破创新迟滞困境提供新思路。

后发企业颠覆性创新价值共创演化路径与模式跃迁——以比亚迪为例

现有研究对于颠覆性创新价值共创模式和路径演化的认识仍有待深入。为助推后发企业突破价值共创的路径瓶颈,解决颠覆性创新过程中价值共创模式跃迁的动力问题,基于价值共创视角,采用探索性单案例研究方法,以比亚迪为研究对象,探讨后发企业在不同阶段实现颠覆性创新的价值共创路径与模式。研究表明,在起步阶段、扩散阶段和颠覆阶段,后发企业颠覆性创新的价值共创有不同价值共创主体参与,形成不同路径与模式;在不同阶段,后发企业的价值共创过程将依次经历交易型模式、合作型模式和关系型模式,不同模式的差异具体体现在价值主张、价值形成和价值扩散3个模块。结论有助于扩展价值共创理论的应用领域,丰富颠覆性创新与价值共创理论研究成果,为后发企业实现颠覆性创新提供思路借鉴与实践指导。

构建适应新质生产力发展的产业政策体系

在追赶阶段,推动传统生产力发展的产业政策具有以引进模仿为主和选择性两个典型特征。新质生产力原创性、颠覆性、不确定性的技术经济特征使产业政策的逻辑发生改变,自主创新的重要性提高,选择性产业政策的失败概率加大,需要发挥市场微观主体的探索作用。加快新质生产力的发展,要根据新质生产力的技术经济特征对科技创新、产业化、产业组织、法律与监管等方面的政策作出适应性调整。

颠覆性技术创新治理研究与启示——以英国高级研究与发明局建设模式为例

为巩固全球科学超级大国地位,2022年以来英国陆续出台相关法律和政策,支持成立英国高级研究与发明局,并将其作为法定机构进行治理。本文首先通过分析ARIA相关的法律内容与政策举措,梳理其最新进展;随后分析了ARIA与美国国防高级研究计划局、英国研究与创新署的区别;最后提出了探索成立法定机构来支持颠覆性技术发展和强化创新主体非常规科技创新活动治理能力等建议。

新质生产力发展视域下对智慧公路的认识与思考

新质生产力的加快布局为智慧公路发展带来了新的动力,智慧公路是新质生产力在交通运输领域的重要应用形态之一。针对目前智慧公路建设中存在的缺少对基础理论的系统解读、对新形势下发展态势评估不足等问题,在概述新质生产力发展形势与要求的基础上,利用内涵外延分析、黄金思维圈模型分析、SWOT态势分析、颠覆性创新辨识等方法对新质生产力视域下智慧公路发展的基础理论与发展态势进行研究。系统解读智慧公路“人享其行、物畅其流”的本质发展目标、“两阶段三步走”的战略部署和8个方面的重点任务,明确新形势下智慧公路发展的广阔前景和需要避免的劣势和风险,展望了公路交通大模型等10个新质生产力萌芽的发展方向,最后给出了辨识并培育新质生产力、注重道路使用者体验、创新投融资体系等8条可持续发展的建议,为新形势下智慧公路的发展提供理论支持。

设计驱动的产品颠覆性创新方法研究

通过设计驱动创新与颠覆性创新的理论研究,提出了包含意义发掘、功能系统调整、产品语言表达3个阶段的设计驱动产品颠覆性创新过程模型,以完善设计领域对于颠覆性创新方法的研究。首先基于SET洞察市场趋势设想新意义,由内而外接受批评以发掘可行性意义;然后对目标用户进行研究,运用AD将功能需求转化为设计参数,并与源产品技术对比进而进行技术调整,获得颠覆性创新技术解;接着将新意义特征及提升、添加技术所对应的部件确定为意义诠释区域,并采用类比推理选取样本;最后通过相似性分析确定设计原型并提取其特征要素,利用可拓变换优化产品语言表达,获得颠覆性创新产品语言解。以电动轮椅设计为实例验证了该模型的可行性,为其他设计驱动的产品颠覆性创新提供参考。

基于颠覆性技术创新项目评价及立项决策模型的研究

为实现我国颠覆性技术创新项目的精准遴选,促进颠覆性创新产业的培育发展,在分析梳理国内外关于颠覆性技术创新项目遴选、立项决策管理方面研究的基础上,分析对比颠覆性技术创新项目与一般科技计划项目的特征属性差异,借鉴海尔迈耶问题的做法,结合当前政策导向,针对颠覆性技术具有隐蔽性、破坏性、不确定性的特征属性,提出相应的项目遴选角度和评审标准的思路,并利用层次分析法构建颠覆性技术创新项目立项评价的三级指标体系。从项目影响力、项目可能性两方面构建颠覆性技术创新项目的决策矩阵模型,为颠覆性创新项目立项决策提供判断依据。

跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响研究

跨界团队在企业等创新主体开展颠覆性创新活动中发挥重要作用,而运用机器学习方法识别其网络特征与颠覆性创新绩效之间殊途同归的组态路径是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于Incopat专利检索平台无人机领域139999条专利数据,采用社区发现算法在专利发明人合作关系数据中识别185个跨界团队,依据社会网络理论遴选跨界团队网络特征变量,利用k-means聚类算法对跨界团队进行类型划分,并运用决策树CART(classification and regression trees)算法挖掘不同类型跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明,①跨界团队共有二元合作、类完全合作和复杂合作3种合作类型,不同跨界团队类型对颠覆性创新绩效影响具有差异性,即类完全合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最高,二元合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最低;②合作强度具有普适性,它是影响不同跨界团队形成不同水平颠覆性创新绩效的核心因素;③合作强度正向影响二元合作团队颠覆性创新绩效,类完全合作团队的颠覆性创新绩效受聚集系数、合作强度与团队规模的共同影响,而对于合作强度较高的复杂合作团队而言,保持较低的网络密度有利于其提升颠覆性创新绩效。

数字化背景下平台型企业跨界颠覆性创新影响因素的组态分析

数字经济的发展催生平台型企业,为中国产业技术创新的“越轨超越”提供了新的契机,但目前对平台型企业在数字化背景下的跨界颠覆性创新机制和影响因素等均缺乏关注和深入研究。鉴于此,采用组态视角探讨影响平台型企业进行跨界颠覆性创新的关键因素以及各因素之间的组合对颠覆性创新成败的影响路径。首先从技术管理视角给出平台型企业的定义,即基于信息技术构建公共技术架构或模块系统,通过连接不同参与者以及整合各种资源,提供丰富的产品和服务,实现多方参与、互惠共生的商业模式;然后,以产品平台企业为对象,根据上述定义选定32家中国上市企业,通过收集2017—2021年的企业公开信息、年度报告以及专利信息作为原始数据,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)跨界知识搜寻能力是平台型企业实现高跨界颠覆性创新数量和质量的必要条件;(2)政府补助强度对平台型企业的跨界颠覆性创新数量和质量影响较小;(3)高跨界知识搜寻能力和高合作广度是影响平台型企业跨界颠覆性创新质量的核心条件,而数字化程度对平台型企业的跨界颠覆性创新数量有影响,但对跨界颠覆性创新的质量影响不大;(4)数字化有助于企业发现更多跨界颠覆性创新机会,但要提高跨界颠覆性创新的质量仍需要加强跨界知识搜寻能力以及企业间的广泛合作。