Enhancing Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption Through Structural Polarization Modulation of MXenes

Two-dimensional carbon-based materials have shown promising electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities in mid-and high-frequency ranges,but face challenges in low-frequency absorption due to limited control over polarization response mecha-nisms and ambiguous resonance behavior.In this study,we pro-pose a novel approach to enhance absorption efficiency in aligned three-dimensional(3D)MXene/CNF(cellulose nanofibers)cavities by modifying polarization properties and manipulating resonance response in the 3D MXene architecture.This controlled polarization mechanism results in a significant shift of the main absorption region from the X-band to the S-band,leading to a remarkable reflection loss value of-47.9 dB in the low-frequency range.Furthermore,our findings revealed the importance of the oriented electromagnetic coupling in influencing electromagnetic response and microwave absorption properties.The present study inspired us to develop a generic strategy for low-frequency tuned absorption in the absence of magnetic element participation,while orientation-induced polarization and the derived magnetic resonance coupling are the key controlling factors of the method.

Low-frequency oscillation of train-network system considering traction power supply mode

The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.

A seismic elastic moduli module for the measurements of low-frequency wave dispersion and attenuation of fluid-saturated rocks under different pressures

Knowledge about the seismic elastic modulus dispersion,and associated attenuation,in fluid-saturated rocks is essential for better interpretation of seismic observations taken as part of hydrocarbon identification and time-lapse seismic surveillance of both conventional and unconventional reservoir and overburden performances.A Seismic Elastic Moduli Module has been developed,based on the forced-oscillations method,to experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio,as well as the inferred attenuation,of cylindrical samples under different confining pressure conditions.Calibration with three standard samples showed that the measured elastic moduli were consistent with the published data,indicating that the new apparatus can operate reliably over a wide frequency range of f∈[1-2000,10^(6)]Hz.The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the shale and the tight sandstone samples were measured under axial stress oscillations to assess the frequency-and pressure-dependent effects.Under dry condition,both samples appear to be nearly frequency independent,with weak pressure dependence for the shale and significant pressure dependence for the sandstone.In particular,it was found that the tight sandstone with complex pore microstructure exhibited apparent dispersion and attenuation under brine or glycerin saturation conditions,the levels of which were strongly influenced by the increased effective pressure.In addition,the measured Young's moduli results were compared with the theoretical predictions from a scaled poroelastic model with a reasonably good agreement,revealing that the combined fluid flow mechanisms at both mesoscopic and microscopic scales possibly responsible for the measured dispersion.

Suppression of low-frequency ultrasound broadband vibration using star-shaped single-phase metamaterials

In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation properties,which is configured by hybrid arc and sharp-angle convergent star-shaped lattices.The effect of the dispersion relation and the bandgap characteristic for the scatterers in star-shaped are simulated and analyzed.The target bandgap width is extended by optimizing the geometry parameters of arc and sharp-angle convergent lattices.The proposed metamaterial configured by optimized hybrid lattices exhibits remarkable broad bandgap characteristics by bandgap complementarity,and the simulation results verify a 99%vibration attenuation amplitude can be obtained in the frequency of20 k Hz—100 k Hz.After the fabrication of the proposed hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterial by 3D printing technique,the transmission loss experiments are performed,and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated metamaterial has the characteristics of broadband vibration attenuation and an amplitude greater than 85%attenuation for the target frequency.These results demonstrate that the hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterials can effectively widen the bandgap and realize high efficiency attenuation,which has capability for the vibration attenuation in the application of highprecise equipment.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

A non-contact low-frequency(LF)method of diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is proposed.This method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure the ratio of the plasma loop average electron density to collision frequency.An equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship of the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves with the plasma electron density and collision frequency.The applicable range of the LF method on a given plasma scale is analyzed.The upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density(unit:m^(-3))to collision frequency(unit:Hz)exceeds 1×10^(11),enabling an electron density to exceed 1×10^(20)m^(-3)and a collision frequency to be less than 1 GHz.In this work,the feasibility of using the LF phase shift to implement the plasma diagnosis is also assessed.Diagnosis experiments on shock tube equipment are conducted by using both the electrostatic probe method and LF method.By comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods,the inversion results are relatively consistent with each other,thereby preliminarily verifying the feasibility of the LF method.The ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma stabilization.The LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model,which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the model.Finally,the causes of diagnostic discrepancy between the two methods are analyzed.The proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

MCJ-UNet:一种双/多通道联合InSAR相位解缠网络

干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)可实现地表高程的高效获取,在地形测绘中应用广泛。双/多通道InSAR技术可借助不同通道(基线、频点)的高程模糊度差异,解决相位欠采样问题,完成高程陡变区域的干涉相位解缠,实现InSAR技术在测绘困难区域的有效应用。该文即面向高效高精度相位解缠需求,利用深度学习这一有力工具,结合不同通道的相位特征及相互约束关系,提出了一种双/多通道联合干涉相位解缠网络:Multi-Channel-Joint-UNet(MCJ-UNet)。该网络的构建以双通道(双频、双基线)InSAR为基本观测构型,并可实现向多通道构型的扩展,其构建的核心思路主要包括3点:首先,将干涉相位解缠中的模糊数估计问题转化为语义分割问题,并采用UNet网络完成分割处理;其次,引入挤压激励模块(SE)动态调整信息权重,以增强网络不同通道对其所需信息的感知能力;最后,利用多通道联合约束下的相位残差优化损失函数,实现网络调谐。此外,为避免语义分割结果的边缘细节误差对解缠效果的影响,该文还提出了一种基于多通道联合约束的解缠误差自修正方法,以保证解缠质量。模拟地形仿真数据、真实地形仿真数据以及TerraSAR-X实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

中尼公路聂拉木至樟木段InSAR广域地灾隐患识别与特征分析

基于2017-04~2019-06共130景Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨影像,采用StaMPS-SBAS InSAR方法,并融合GACOS大气校正,对中尼公路聂拉木至樟木段进行大范围地质灾害隐患点探测和识别。结果表明,研究区内共发现54处隐患点,组成多处滑坡群,升轨最大形变速率达114 mm/a,降轨最大形变速率达122 mm/a。结合研究区降水数据统计分析可知,有35处隐患点形变与降水有关,形变季节性特征明显。本文研究结果有助于了解该路段地表形变趋势及成因,丰富该地区地灾隐患点历史记录,为该地区地质灾害隐患的持续监测提供参考。

加权信息量支持下融合InSAR形变特征的滑坡易发性评价

使用SBAS-InSAR处理六盘水市水城区2018-07~2019-08共69景Sentinel-1A卫星影像,获取地表形变作为动态评价因子,用于完善传统滑坡易发性评价研究缺乏动态特征数据应用的问题。结果表明,使用10种静态评价因子融合InSAR形变特征数据作为动态评价因子,在耦合层次分析法与信息量法的加权信息量模型下对比仅使用静态特征数据,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.756 02和0.888 68,模型性能提升约13.3%;再将历史灾害点叠加于2种分区图下检验分区精度,相比于未融入形变特征,融入形变特征可纠正约12.44%的误分类区域,能较好地提升分区的可靠性。

基于InSAR-COMSOL的露天矿边坡稳定性分析及形变预测

露天矿地表形变特征的快速、准确分析及形变趋势精准预测是推进矿山绿色安全生产的重要保障。针对当前形变监测技术存在的时空采样率低、成本高,预测模型参数难确定等问题,以东鞍山露天铁矿为工程背景,提出了一种融合短基线子集干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术和COMSOL有限元模拟的边坡稳定性分析和形变预测一体化方法。首先,利用SBAS-InSAR技术处理2018年5月—2020年6月获取的62景Sentinel-1A升轨SAR数据,获取了该区域2 a内地表形变时间序列,分析了其形变时空演化特征。然后,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟外界强降雨影响下的典型沉降区域边坡稳定性状况,探讨了坡体损伤裂化规律及形变机理。基于此,利用粒子群算法(PSO)优化长短期时间记忆(LSTM)网络,搭建了形变时序预测最优模型,开展典型沉降区的形变时序预测,并引入平均绝对误差和均方根误差作为预测精度评价指标。结果表明:矿区西部沉降相对严重,年均沉降速率高达47.8 mm/a,形变速率与区域降雨量存在显著相关性。相较于传统形变预测模型,PSO-LSTM模型的2种误差至少降低了14%和36%,且能够有效反映采区地表形变波动趋势,为滑坡灾前预警提供了新思路。

基于时序InSAR的老挝桑片-桑南内水库大坝溃坝回溯研究

InSAR是一种用于水库大坝表面位移监测的新技术,具有周期性、低延迟的特点,且能回溯历史数据。利用老挝桑片-桑南内水库大坝溃坝前期及溃坝期间的卫星影像,收集溃坝前后的大坝表面位移监测数据和降雨数据,对大坝自身和管理方面的溃坝原因进行了分析,结果表明大坝溃坝前已发生较明显的异常变形趋势。本研究将InSAR技术引入大坝风险管理中,能有效减少溃坝事故的发生。

时序InSAR解译西安-咸阳地区地面沉降时空分布特征

采用2015-06~2023-01覆盖西安-咸阳地区的Sentinel-1A卫星数据,以时序InSAR为主要技术手段,结合其他资料,获得西安-咸阳地区地面沉降分布特征和形变速率等信息,并分析地面沉降的原因和演化规律。结果表明,SBAS-InSAR与StaMPS-InSAR所得结果基本一致,地表形变区主要分布在西安中部和南部,主要影响因素为地下水开采,分布与走向受地裂缝与断层影响;咸阳大部分地区处于稳定状态,仅在局部地区有较为明显的沉降,沉降受地下水开采、城市建设等因素影响。

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的港口地表二维形变监测与分析

为了大范围监测果园港港口地表形变情况,预防地面沉降和塌陷所带来的危害,采集2014年11月—2017年11月果园港升轨和降轨的Sentinel-1A号数据,应用SBAS-InSAR技术进行地表形变数据提取与分析。结果表明:得到的垂直方向地表形变变化趋势与水准测量结果相一致;果园港地表垂直方向形变速率为-33.49~13.49 mm·a^(-1),东西方向形变速率为-16.16~29.44 mm·a^(-1);大幅度沉降主要发生在港口的堆场区和交通枢纽处,且沉降速率与距交通线路的距离呈现显著相关。

基于insar和人工监测新疆BEJ水库变形体稳定性分析

以新疆BEJ水库为研究对象,通过变形观测分析和理论计算,BX1体垂河向水平位移量为3.78 cm,平均速率0.038 mm/d;垂直沉降总量4.61 cm,平均速率0.046 mm/d;各阶段监测水平位移速率0.038 mm/d→0.023 mm/d→0.034 mm/d→0.015 mm/d→0.010 mm/d;水库蓄水后,BX1变形体发生明显变形,处于蠕动变形状态。建议加强监测预警工作,做好安全保障措施。

InSAR技术在普光气田地质灾害调查中的应用

普光气田高含硫化氢的集输管道经常需穿越一些地形地质条件复杂区域,这些地区通常又是地质灾害的高发区,不同类型的地质灾害威胁着管道的安全运行。通过雷达卫星数据对普光气田集输站场和集输管道周边滑坡进行了地表形变探测,共探测出32处地质灾害点;结合光学遥感影像目视解释和现场勘查^([1]),对普光气田103集气站南侧、胡家阀室、毛坝1井—1#阀室管线西侧共3处典型滑坡形变特征进行了详细分析。结果显示,该区域地质灾害变形速率受降雨的影响较大。调查结果能够对普光气田地质灾害防控工作提供重要的决策依据。

基于时序InSAR的九龙江河口地区地面沉降时空演变规律及成因分析

为探明九龙江河口地区地面沉降情况,本研究采用小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar, SBAS-InSAR)和永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture rader, PS-InSAR)技术获取了2017年1月至2022年3月地面沉降的时空分布信息和演变规律,并结合实地调查数据和水文地质调查监测资料对地面沉降成因进行了系统分析。研究结果表明:SBAS-InSAR和PS-InSAR两种方法均发现在研究期间九龙河口地区地面整体呈现出沉降趋势,SBAS-InSAR监测结果发现研究区沉降速率为6.2 mm/a;研究期间该区域的沉降中心持续扩大且沉降量呈增加趋势,最大累积沉降量达到250 mm以上,主要分布在浮宫镇中南部地区、海澄镇、东园镇中南部地区、角美镇和榜山镇东南部地区;该区域由于大量抽取地下水用于养殖,地下水位下降,引起淤泥层发生固结排水、压密,从而导致地面沉降。

采空区地表InSAR形变监测与安全稳定性评价

为探明河南省平顶山市某变电站拟建场地的安全稳定性,避免采空区地表沉降或倾斜给变电站造成安全隐患,采用永久散射体(PS)合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)研究平顶山市2015—2022年间的45景Sentinel-1A数据,精细化分析拟建场地的9个代表位置的时序形变特征,进而建立基于InSAR监测的采空区地表场地安全稳定性评价机制,完成对场地的安全稳定性评价。研究结果表明:基于模糊数据集的模糊PS选点法可克服PS点密度低的弊端,有效增加分析可用数据,提升监测结果的准确性;依据基准点校正拟建区内代表点的时序形变后发现,拟建场地整体形变较小且逐渐呈现趋于稳定的趋势,最大沉降量为13.05 mm,最大沉降速度为5.73 mm/a,最大倾斜为0.070 mm/m。基于安全稳定性评价机制分析可知:采空区地表场地移动变形处于稳定状态,变电站地基基础处于安全状态,采空区地表沉降对拟建变电站的影响程度小,综合3种评价指标进行分析,采空区地表场地安全稳定性等级为高,具备建设变电站的可行性。

大雪山石冰川InSAR遥感:分布、运动与水储量估算

石冰川是高寒山区一种常见的冰缘地貌,研究其分布、运动以及水储量对科学认识高山多年冻土的发育条件、演化规律和水文功能具有重要意义。本文以川西高原大雪山地区为例,在卫星InSAR遥感支持下揭示了该地区石冰川的分布和运动特征,并耦合“冰-岩”流变动力模型反演了其潜在水储量。结果显示,研究区内发育有1352条石冰川,它们的平均面积、海拔和坡度分别为0.176 km^(2)、4603 m和18°。石冰川的平均坡向运动速度约为52.2 mm/yr,最大运动速度约487.3 mm/yr,并且运动速度在空间和时间上均表现出强烈的异质特点。含冰量反演结果显示所有石冰川的平均含冰量为68.6%,总体含冰量范围55.2%~72.8%,对应的总储水当量约2.802 km^(3)。根据石冰川的分布位置推断研究区多年冻土发育海拔下限约为3655 m,与已有的青藏高原多年冻土分布模拟资料相符。另外,计算显示研究区石冰川储水当量约是冰川的36%,表明石冰川的水文功能在山区水文模型中不应被忽视。

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。