Low-frequency oscillation of train-network system considering traction power supply mode

The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.

A seismic elastic moduli module for the measurements of low-frequency wave dispersion and attenuation of fluid-saturated rocks under different pressures

Knowledge about the seismic elastic modulus dispersion,and associated attenuation,in fluid-saturated rocks is essential for better interpretation of seismic observations taken as part of hydrocarbon identification and time-lapse seismic surveillance of both conventional and unconventional reservoir and overburden performances.A Seismic Elastic Moduli Module has been developed,based on the forced-oscillations method,to experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio,as well as the inferred attenuation,of cylindrical samples under different confining pressure conditions.Calibration with three standard samples showed that the measured elastic moduli were consistent with the published data,indicating that the new apparatus can operate reliably over a wide frequency range of f∈[1-2000,10^(6)]Hz.The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the shale and the tight sandstone samples were measured under axial stress oscillations to assess the frequency-and pressure-dependent effects.Under dry condition,both samples appear to be nearly frequency independent,with weak pressure dependence for the shale and significant pressure dependence for the sandstone.In particular,it was found that the tight sandstone with complex pore microstructure exhibited apparent dispersion and attenuation under brine or glycerin saturation conditions,the levels of which were strongly influenced by the increased effective pressure.In addition,the measured Young's moduli results were compared with the theoretical predictions from a scaled poroelastic model with a reasonably good agreement,revealing that the combined fluid flow mechanisms at both mesoscopic and microscopic scales possibly responsible for the measured dispersion.

Suppression of low-frequency ultrasound broadband vibration using star-shaped single-phase metamaterials

In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation properties,which is configured by hybrid arc and sharp-angle convergent star-shaped lattices.The effect of the dispersion relation and the bandgap characteristic for the scatterers in star-shaped are simulated and analyzed.The target bandgap width is extended by optimizing the geometry parameters of arc and sharp-angle convergent lattices.The proposed metamaterial configured by optimized hybrid lattices exhibits remarkable broad bandgap characteristics by bandgap complementarity,and the simulation results verify a 99%vibration attenuation amplitude can be obtained in the frequency of20 k Hz—100 k Hz.After the fabrication of the proposed hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterial by 3D printing technique,the transmission loss experiments are performed,and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated metamaterial has the characteristics of broadband vibration attenuation and an amplitude greater than 85%attenuation for the target frequency.These results demonstrate that the hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterials can effectively widen the bandgap and realize high efficiency attenuation,which has capability for the vibration attenuation in the application of highprecise equipment.

Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

A non-contact low-frequency(LF)method of diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is proposed.This method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure the ratio of the plasma loop average electron density to collision frequency.An equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship of the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves with the plasma electron density and collision frequency.The applicable range of the LF method on a given plasma scale is analyzed.The upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density(unit:m^(-3))to collision frequency(unit:Hz)exceeds 1×10^(11),enabling an electron density to exceed 1×10^(20)m^(-3)and a collision frequency to be less than 1 GHz.In this work,the feasibility of using the LF phase shift to implement the plasma diagnosis is also assessed.Diagnosis experiments on shock tube equipment are conducted by using both the electrostatic probe method and LF method.By comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods,the inversion results are relatively consistent with each other,thereby preliminarily verifying the feasibility of the LF method.The ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma stabilization.The LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model,which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the model.Finally,the causes of diagnostic discrepancy between the two methods are analyzed.The proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

人体组织液特性对SAR值的影响及修正模型

比吸收率(specific absorption ratio,SAR)值测量所使用的组织液特性与规范标准中给出的组织液目标值会有一定偏差。此时,需要对SAR值的测量结果进行修正。针对此问题,提出了一种修正模型,修正模型基于电磁仿真的方法建立。通过在835 MHz频点与IEC 62209\IEEE 1528标准中的数据进行比较,对建模方法进行了验证。基于此建模方法,给出了3.5 GHz及28 GHz这2个下一代移动通信备选频段下的SAR值修正模型。使用此修正模型将减小SAR值测量的不确定度,进而提升各测量实验室间SAR符合性评定结果的一致性。使用此修正模型的另一个好处在于,该修正模型允许更大的组织液特性偏差,这将有助于降低SAR值测量的成本。

微波视觉与SAR图像智能解译

高分辨率雷达成像技术和人工智能、大数据技术的快速发展,有力促进了雷达图像智能解译技术的进步。由于雷达传感器本身的特殊性和电磁散射成像物理的复杂性,雷达图像的解译缺乏光学图像的直观性,准确迅速识别分类的需求对雷达图像解译提出了迫切的挑战。在借鉴人脑光视觉感知机理和计算机视觉图像处理相关技术基础上,进一步融合电磁散射物理规律及其雷达成像机理,我们提出发展微波域雷达图像解译的“微波视觉”的新交叉领域研究。该文介绍微波视觉的概念与内涵,提出微波视觉认知模型,阐述其基础理论问题与技术路线,最后介绍了作者团队在相关问题上的初步研究进展。

多域特征引导的无监督SAR图像舰船检测方法

如何在合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像标注样本有限的条件下,提升舰船检测性能一直是SAR图像处理中的热点问题。本文提出一种多域特征引导的无监督域适应方法,将知识从有标注的源域(光学图像)转移到未标注的目标域(SAR图像),降低对标记SAR图像数据依赖。同时,设计了频域转换模块、注意力区域增强模块和自适应权重模块来缩小光学、SAR图像域之间的域差距,提高源域与目标域特征对齐效率,增强网络在挑战性样本下的特征迁移能力。在公开发布的数据集上进行了大量实验。结果表明:所提的模块较基础模型AP50提升10%,总体性能优于其他先进的方法。

基于编解码网络的SAR影像建筑物提取

针对合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)遥感图像中出现的散斑噪声和几何畸变对建筑物提取过程造成干扰的问题,提出了一种多尺度特征注意力融合(multi-scale feature attention fusion,MSFAF)网络。首先,结合深度神经网络和SAR图像的优势,在深层处设计了一个空间注意力融合(spatial attention fusion,SAF)模块,来整合不同层次的特征以及关注重要的空间信息。然后,利用不同尺度的卷积核以及对通道信息的转换,提出了一个多尺度细节提取(multi-scale detail extraction,MSDE)模块用于提取不同尺度的特征信息和重新分配通道信息,有利于缓解散斑噪声的干扰问题。实验证明了所提方法在SAR图像建筑物提取中取得了比其他现存方法更加优秀的性能。

基于SAR阻抗匹配的WPT最大效率跟踪控制方法

无线电能传输(WPT)技术因其安全、便捷、非接触等优点而备受关注。最大效率传输是WPT系统中一个重要课题。传统的最大效率跟踪方法通常设定系统在固定耦合条件进行负载阻抗匹配,然而,耦合系数会在初级和次级线圈相对位置变化时不可避免地发生变化。提出基于耦合系数辨识与半有源整流(SAR)阻抗匹配的最大效率跟踪控制方法,该方法利用SAR结合耦合系数识别进行阻抗匹配,开关控制电容(SCC)补偿其阻抗虚部,避免了整流电路中非线性因素的影响。同时系统响应较快且控制方法便于实现。仿真和实验结果表明,耦合系数和等效负载变化时,都可以准确估计耦合系数并跟踪至最大效率点和输出恒压。

变应性鼻炎对SARS-CoV-2感染的影响调查

目的探讨患有变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是否会影响新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染的比率和严重程度。方法招募AR患者及无AR的对照者,进行单中心回顾性问卷调查。问卷内容包括受访者的基本人口学特征,是否有SARS-CoV-2感染,感染症状的严重程度评分,以及可能影响感染严重度的危险因素,完成问卷后进行统计分析。结果AR组SARS-CoV-2感染率为83.9%(162/193),对照组感染率为86.0%(166/193),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AR组的感染症状严重度总评分为10(7,14)分,与对照组[10(6,13)分]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AR患者感染SARS-CoV-2后的憋气、呕吐、腹泻症状要比对照组更严重。男性AR患者的SARS-CoV-2感染症状严重度总评分[8.0(5.8,11.0)分]低于女性AR患者[10.5(8.0,14.0)分],差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论在本研究调查的SARS-CoV-2感染轻症群体中,AR患者与对照组的感染率及严重度均未见差异,但性别可能会影响AR患者感染症状的严重程度。

嵌入注意力机制的深度可分离卷积SAR目标识别

深度可分离卷积(Depthwise Separable Convolution,DSC)的应用使得深度学习的网络模型轻量化。在此基础上,提出了嵌入注意力机制的DSC合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)目标识别方法。通过将DSC与注意力机制结合,提高网络对目标重要特征的学习能力;将多个DSC进行叠加和并联,设计多尺度网络模块,增强不同深度网络的特征提取能力;通过残差连接缓解深层网络的梯度弥散和梯度爆炸问题。使用公开数据集实验表明,所提方法在网络模型参数量较小的情况下,获得99.0%的平均识别率,具有较强的识别优势。

SARS-CoV-2合并感染患者的病原微生物分布特征及耐药性分析

目的分析严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)合并感染患者病原微生物分布特点及耐药情况,为临床诊治提供依据。方法收集2022年12月至2023年2月延安大学附属医院收治的2019冠状病毒病(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者637例的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床特征及合并感染病原微生物情况。结果COVID-19患者以老年人为主,合并基础疾病患者占79.59%,好转及痊愈患者高达91.05%。培养阳性标本来源于呼吸道、血液和尿液,合并感染的病原微生物分别以肺炎克雷伯杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase negative staphylococci,CNS)和真菌为主。药敏试验结果显示,肺炎克雷伯杆菌对β内酰胺类抗生素及三代、四代头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率较低(14%~20%),鲍曼不动杆菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素和β内酰胺类复合物较为耐药(均>45%),大肠埃希菌对β内酰胺类抗生素及其复合物耐药率较低(14%~19%)。金黄色葡萄球菌、CNS、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌均未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素耐药。结论COVID-19合并感染病原体以革兰阴性菌及真菌为主,感染部位以呼吸道为主,主要病原菌为肺炎克雷伯杆菌。鲍曼不动杆菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素和β内酰胺类复合物耐药率高于全国细菌耐药平均水平,提示临床上应根据COVID-19患者的微生物鉴定和药敏试验结果,选择对症药物治疗,以改善患者预后。

方位向调制干扰对高分宽幅多通道SAR的影响

多通道合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)能够利用方位向多通道重构处理去除多普勒模糊,获得高分宽幅SAR图像。针对此特殊的多通道重构处理方式,研究了传统SAR方位向调制干扰对高分宽幅多通道SAR的影响,包括多普勒调制干扰和脉冲延迟转发干扰两种类型的方位向调制干扰方式,为高分宽幅多通道SAR干扰决策提供理论基础。理论分析指出,多普勒调制干扰信号经成像处理后将在方位向生成等间隔分布的虚假目标,并且幅度受与多普勒调制频率相关的正弦函数和匹配滤波损失联合调制;而脉冲延迟转发干扰信号在成像后将只有单个干扰目标出现,且目标的方位位置仅与延迟的脉冲数有关。仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。

糖尿病患者接种SARS-Cov-2疫苗后的免疫反应:系统评价

目的系统评价糖尿病患者在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,获取国内外于2019年12月1日至2022年5月12日公开发表的有关糖尿病患者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应的观察性研究,经由2名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后,采用美国国立卫生研究质量评价工具对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价,使用描述性统计方法进行汇总分析。结果13篇文献共纳入66651例研究对象,其中5874例(7.9%)患有糖尿病。7篇文献报道了接种第1剂疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组的免疫反应,其中3篇文献表明,接种1剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后,糖尿病患者血清抗体水平和阳性率低于对照组;11篇涉及接种2剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的免疫反应的文献中,2篇报道了糖尿病患者可产生与对照组相似的抗体反应,9篇报道了糖尿病患者的血清抗体水平、阳性率或细胞免疫反应低于对照组。结论接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组体液和细胞免疫反应均有所增加,但糖尿病患者增加幅度普遍低于对照组。

基于长短路融合及数据平衡的SAR船舶检测算法

针对SAR图像检测船舶任务中的目标小、近岸样本目标检测困难等问题,文章提出一种名为长短路特征融合网络(Long and Short path Feature Fusion Network,LSFF-Net)的船舶检测网络。该网络通过长短路特征融合模块有效协调了大目标与小目标检测,避免小目标特征信息的丢失。网络中应用结构重参数化结构提高了模块学习能力。为了满足多尺度目标检测,加入特征金字塔网络,融合多尺度特征。为了应对近岸样本目标检测,设计数据重分配算法,提高了对近岸样本目标的检测精度。实验结果表明:在公开数据集检测时,算法的平均精度(Average Precision,AP)达到97.50%,优于主流目标检测算法。该方法为提高SAR图像中小目标和近岸样本目标检测精度提供了新的实现方案。

hiPSCs分化的细胞和类器官在SARS-CoV-2感染研究上的应用

SARS-CoV-2引起全球性传染病COVID-19的大流行,SARS-CoV-2感染研究对于了解人体细胞和器官被此种病毒感染后的病理反应具有重要意义。将hiPSCs分化为呼吸道、肺类器官、神经系统细胞、脑类器官、心肌细胞、血管、肠类器官和肾类器官,进行SARS-CoV-2感染研究,发现这些细胞和类器官受SARS-CoV-2感染,生理活性受损,生理功能削弱,促炎性因子分泌增加,类器官发生炎症反应和功能退化现象。因此,hiPSCs分化的细胞和类器官可用于SARS-CoV-2感染研究,病毒感染会影响这些细胞和类器官的功能。

大幅宽SAR图像嵌入式舰船实时检测系统设计

针对星载或机载高分辨率合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)实时成像后的大幅宽SAR图像舰船实时检测的应用需求,传统的基于FPGA+DSP的嵌入式系统很难同时实现SAR成像处理和基于人工智能技术的大幅宽SAR图像舰船实时检测,为此设计了一种基于3U VPX FPGA+GPU架构的大幅宽SAR图像嵌入式舰船实时检测系统;提出了一种基于YOLOv5s的舰船检测模型,采用基于L2-范数稀疏性惩罚的缩放因子控制法进行轻量化,轻量化舰船检测模型的参数量减小了47.39%,计算量减少了18.67%,平均检测精度为0.968;将轻量化舰船检测模型应用于大幅宽SAR图像嵌入式舰船实时检测系统,并针对典型的10 km×10 km的大幅宽图像应用场景,设计开发基于多线程技术和基于GPU的众核并行计算技术的大幅宽SAR图像嵌入式实时检测系统软件;通过公开的SAR数据集进行功能验证和性能评估,该系统能够满足不同分辨率的大幅宽SAR图像舰船实时检测需求。

考虑速度聚束效应的SAR海浪成像仿真方法

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)海浪成像仿真技术对于速度聚束效应的考虑不充分,仿真数据无法准确反映实际SAR数据的问题,建立一种充分考虑速度聚束效应的SAR海浪成像仿真方法并进行了实验验证。计算了SAR图像强度的概率密度分布的仿真结果与理论结果之间的均方误差(MSE),在风速分别为5、10和15 m/s时,考虑速度聚束效应前、后比对结果的MSE分别为0.1012、0.1576、0.0556与0.0179、0.0314、0.0088。仿真结果表明,所提SAR海浪成像仿真方法有效提高了仿真数据的准确性,对SAR海浪成像的应用具有一定实用价值。