Theoretical Investigation on Vertical Additional Force on Shaft Lining in Special Stratum

The model of skaft lining under force is developed on the basis of the special stratum condition led to sbart cracking- The model is broken into 3 sub-questions to solve separately. According to the principle of superposition and strain compatibility, a second kind Fredholm integral equation is generated.A theoretical solution to vertical additional force on shaft lining is obtained by numerical method to the integral equation.

Mechanics model of additional longitudinal force transmission between bridges and continuously welded rails with small resistance fasteners

A new mechanics model, which reveals additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges, is established on the fact that the influence of the mutual relative displacement (among) the rail, the sleeper and the beam is taken into account. An example is presented and numerical results are compared. The results show that the additional longitudinal forces calculated with the new model are less than those of the previous, especially in the case of the flexible pier bridges. The new model is also suitable for the analysis of the additional longitudinal force transmission between rails and bridges of ballastless track with small resistance fasteners without taking the sleeper displacement into account, and compared with the ballast bridges, the ballastless bridges have a much stronger additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges.

Influence of polymer additives on turbulent energy cascading in forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence studied by direct numerical simulations

Direct numerical simulations （DNS） were performed for the forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence （FHIT） with/without polymer additives in order to elaborate the characteristics of the turbulent energy cascading influenced by drag-reducing effects. The finite elastic non-linear extensibility-Peterlin model （FENE-P） was used as the conformation tensor equation for the viscoelastic polymer solution. Detailed analyses of DNS data were carried out in this paper for the turbulence scaling law and the topological dynamics of FHIT as well as the important turbulent parameters, including turbulent kinetic energy spectra, enstrophy and strain, velocity structure function, small-scale intermittency, etc. A natural and straightforward definition for the drag reduction rate was also proposed for the drag-reducing FHIT based on the decrease degree of the turbulent kinetic energy. It was found that the turbulent energy cascading in the FHIT was greatly modified by the drag-reducing polymer additives. The enstrophy and the strain fields in the FH1T of the polymer solution were remarkably weakened as compared with their Newtonian counterparts. The small-scale vortices and the small-scale intermittency were all inhibited by the viscoelastic effects in the FHIT of the polymer solution. However, the scaling law in a fashion of extended self-similarity for the FHIT of the polymer solution, within the presently simulated range of Weissenberg numbers, had no distinct differences compared with that of the Newtonian fluid case.

Large-eddy simulations of a forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence with polymer additives

Large-eddy simulations （LES） based on the temporal approximate deconvolution model were performed for a forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence （FHIT） with polymer additives at moderate Taylor Reynolds number. Finitely extensible nonlinear elastic in the Peterlin approximation model was adopted as the constitutive equation for the filtered conformation tensor of the polymer molecules. The LES results were verified through comparisons with the direct numerical simulation results. Using the LES database of the FHIT in the Newtonian fluid and the polymer solution flows, the polymer effects on some important parameters such as strain, vorticity, drag reduction, and so forth were studied. By extracting the vortex structures and exploring the flatness factor through a high-order correlation function of velocity derivative and wavelet analysis, it can be found that the small-scale vortex structures and small-scale intermittency in the FHIT are all inhibited due to the existence of the polymers. The extended self-similarity scaling law in the polymer solution flow shows no apparent difference from that in the Newtonian fluid flow at the currently simulated ranges of Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers.

SST THERMAL FORCING -A DISCUSSION ON THE MECHANISM OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

Dynamic and numerical methods are used to discuss the atmospheric response to SST thermal forcing. The results show that for planetary scale systems, the standing SST thermal forcing can quickly excite a stable atmospheric equilibrium state response, which is characterized by obvious large-scale teleconnection oscillation in east-west and south-north directions. For synoptic scale systems, the SST thermal forcing mainly excites the atmospheric low-frequency oscillation. Some basic relation and dynamic processes between SST thermal forcing and atmospheric response pattern are revealed and some new viewpoints are presented.

Prediction and safety analysis of additional vertical stress within a shaft wall in an extra-thick alluvium

An alluvium with a sandy aquifer at the bottom,but lacking an effective impermeable layer between the sandy aquifer and bedrock is referred to as a special alluvial stratum.Impacted by the drainage of the aquifer due to mining activities,a shaft wall in this special alluvial stratum will be subject to a downward load by an additional vertical force which must be taken into consideration in the design of the shaft wall.The complexity of interaction between shaft wall and the surrounding walls makes it extremely difficult to determine this additional vertical force.For a particular shaft wall in an extra-thick alluvium and assuming that the friction coefficient between shaft wall and stratum does not change with depth,an analysis of a numerical simulation of the stress within the shaft wall has been carried out.Growth and size of the additional vertical stress have been obtained,based on specific values of the friction coefficient,the modulus of elasticity of the drainage layer and the thickness of the drainage layer.Subsequently, the safety of shaft walls with different structural types was studied and a more suitable structural design,providing an important basis for the design of shaft walls,is promoted.

A Method for Calculation of Low-Frequency Slow Drift Motions Based on NURBS for Floating Bodies

Through a higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS （Non-uniform Rational B-splines）, the calculation of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions is conducted for floating bodies. In the floating body＇s inner domain, an auxiliary equation is obtained by applying a Green function which satisfies the solid surface condition. Then, the auxiliary equation and the velocity potential equation are combined in the fluid domain to remove the solid angle coefficient and the singularity of the double layer potentials in the integral equation. Thus, a new velocity potential integral equation is obtained. The new equation is extended to the inner domain to reheve the irregular frequency effects; on the basis of the order analysis, the comparison is made about the contribution of all integral terms with the result in the second-order tow-frequency problem; the higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS is apphed to calculate the geometric position and velocity potentials; the slow drift motions are calculated by the spectrum analysis method. Removing the solid angle coefficient can apply NURBS technology to the hydrodynamic calculation of floating bodies with complex surfaces, and the extended boundary integral method can reduce the irregular frequency effects. Order analysis shows that free surface integral can be neglected, and the numerical results can also prove the correctness of order analysis. The results of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions and the comparison with the results from references show that the application of the NURBS technology to the second-order low-frequency problem is of high efficiency and credible results.

Experimental Study of Confining Pressure Initiated by Tectonic Force

An experimental study of the confining pressure, i.e. additional hydrostatic pressure initiated by the tectonic force is presented. The experimental progress is that the σ 1 is gradually increasing from 0 in a limiting movement ( ε 1=0) in the σ 1 direction and the speed rate of the accelerating load is 0.4 MPa·s -1 in the lateral and level directions. When σ 2= σ 3<200 MPa, Δ σ l is nearly lacking, Δ σ l is increasing at a high speed only when the horizontal force reaches 250-380 MPa, and Δ σ l almost ceases to increase at the level force of 380 MPa. It is calculated that the tectonic force can produce the confining pressure which is gradually increasing with σ 2= σ 3 before it reaches 380 MPa in an experiment. It is supposed that the horizontal force is almost all transformed into the confining pressure with the increase of the creep deformation of rocks.

Use of low-frequency signals to improve imaging quality under high-velocity basalt

Wave equation wave field numerical modeling technology is applied to the observation that deep layer imaging is difficult below a screening layer of high-velocity basalt. Three simple high-velocity basalt models are designed on the basis of basalt formation characteristics. The analysis of deep-layer reflection seismic signal energy shows that lowfrequency seismic signals are capable of both penetrating the thin high-velocity basalt layer and reducing the diffraction noise caused by the rough surfaces. The simulation experiment of a complete 2D basalt model confirms that the low-frequency signals can be used to boost the quality of deep-layer imaging under the high-velocity basalt layer and achieve good results in low-pass filter processing of actual data.

Sorting Gold and Sand(Silica) Using Atomic Force Microscope-Based Dielectrophoresis

Additive manufacturing-also known as 3D printing-has attracted much attention in recent years as a powerful method for the simple and versatile fabrication of complicated three-dimensional structures.However,the current technology still exhibits a limitation in realizing the selective deposition and sorting of various materials contained in the same reservoir,which can contribute significantly to additive printing or manufacturing by enabling simultaneous sorting and deposition of different substances through a single nozzle.Here,we propose a dielectrophoresis(DEP)-based material-selective deposition and sorting technique using a pipette-based quartz tuning fork(QTF)-atomic force microscope(AFM) platform DEPQA and demonstrate multi-material sorting through a single nozzle in ambient conditions.We used Au and silica nanoparticles for sorting and obtained 95% accuracy for spatial separation,which confirmed the surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS).To validate the scheme,we also performed a simulation for the system and found qualitative agreement with the experimental results.The method that combines DEP,pipette-based AFM,and SERS may widely expand the unique capabilities of 3D printing and nano-micro patterning for multi-material patterning,materials sorting,and diverse advanced applications.

Seismic Behavor of RC Beam-Column Joint with Additional Bars under Cyclic Loading

The behavior of Beam-Column Joints in moment resisting frame structures are susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joint.A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints which are considered in seismic design code practices presently adopted.The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement have shown serious joint failure. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones throughout the world.In lieu to this study,ten(10) full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations as will be discussed in the later.The experiment provided adequate results to proof the idea of additional bars as suitable approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquake is eminent.While compared with overall cracking observation during the test,the specimen with additional bars (diagonal and straight) had shown few cracks on the column than the ones without.Furthermore,concrete confinement is certainly an important design method as recommended by certain international codes.

考虑弯曲空间效应影响的箱梁强迫振动分析

选取附加挠度为剪力滞广义位移,箱梁体系总动能中计入剪力滞附加变形的影响,综合运用薄壁结构弹性理论和Hamilton原理,建立考虑弯曲空间效应影响的箱梁强迫振动控制微分方程及边界条件,并给出任意简谐荷载作用下简支和连续箱梁的强迫振动解析解。引入振动频率影响的应力和挠度放大系数,详细分析简支、连续箱梁剪切剪力滞效应在初等梁结果中的占比及放大系数分布规律。算例分析表明:考虑弯曲空间效应影响的箱梁截面纵向动应力与有限元结果吻合良好;振动频率越大,应力和挠度放大系数、剪切效应占比越大,剪力滞效应占比越小;同频率振动时,简支箱梁放大系数远大于两跨连续箱梁(单跨长等于简支跨长),且频率越高,差值比越大;基频内振动时,箱梁纵向应力计算可忽略剪力滞效应,挠度计算需考虑剪切变形的影响。

淮北及邻区地壳均衡异常与构造背景

淮北地区位于华北板块东南缘,东侧以郯庐断裂为界与扬子板块相接,研究这一区域的地壳密度结构以及分析其地壳均衡状态对于认识该地区深部构造特征和构造背景具有重要的参考价值.本文基于实测地震数据和重力/GNSS同址观测数据,获取了研究区域重力异常值以及剖面S波速度场,以其为约束反演了剖面地壳密度结构.基于均一和分层地壳模型假设,反演得到了研究区域的莫霍面深度、均衡面深度、均衡异常与均衡附加力,分析了深部构造特征.结果表明,区域内莫霍面深度范围为32~41 km,地壳自西向东逐渐变薄,且上地壳、中地壳和下地壳的变化趋势与莫霍面的变化趋势较为一致,在郯庐断裂带所在区域上地幔物质存在隆起的现象.研究区域整体处于正均衡异常状态,在淮北以东区域,地壳处于较为稳定的状态,均衡面深度范围为30~32km,均衡异常在-2~10 km变化.研究区域内的均衡附加力主要为正值,大小在-20~64 MPa之间变化,整体呈现正均衡异常状态,地壳处于抬升趋势.

基于多层框架结构的楼层阻尼比修正的仿真研究

附加有效阻尼比的确定是消能减震结构设计的关键。为探究布置消能器楼层数的不同对结构设计安全性的影响,以新疆地区某多层钢筋混凝土框架结构为研究对象,采用非线性时程分析方法和等效结构模型的振型分解反应谱分析方法,基于各楼层剪力计算结果,引入楼层阻尼比修正系数k mn,对等效结构模型的附加有效阻尼比进行迭代修正。结果表明:采用小震时程分析阻尼比的等效结构模型,其楼层阻尼比修正系数随着阻尼器布置楼层数的逐渐增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,当阻尼器布置层数为楼层总数的3/5时折减率最低;采用中震时程分析阻尼比的等效结构模型,当阻尼器布置楼层数不少于2/5时,可满足设防要求;对于多层框架结构,考虑综合成本,黏滞阻尼器的布置楼层数可不采用满布的形式。

小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路有限元模型简化研究

为更简便地建立小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路有限元模型,降低计算成本并保证计算精度的可靠性,本文比较分析不同简化程度的模型。首先,依据已有桥上无缝线路模型的形式,通过不同程度简化桥梁上部结构,由简到繁确立了单刚臂模型、多刚臂模型、准梁格模型、平面壳模型、空间壳模型、实体模型共6种模型,并通过扣件横向和纵向阻力试验取得了模型的关键参数;其次,以曲线半径为200 m的(40+50+50+40) m连续梁桥为实例,计算了桥上无缝线路在伸缩、挠曲、制动和断轨等其他组合工况下的结果;最后,以实体模型的计算结果为基准,将前5种模型的计算结果与实体模型的进行对比,通过欧几里得距离量化分析了各模型的计算精度。研究结果表明:综合考虑模型复杂程度和计算精度,多刚臂模型和准梁格模型相比于空间壳模型性价比更高,梁格法在桥梁工程中被大量用于异形桥梁计算,且支座分布以及边界条件更符合实际情况。因此,推荐在进行小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路计算时采用准梁格模型。

摇摆条件下旋叶式分离器流场及效率的数值模拟研究

海洋核动力堆的紧凑式结构设计导致主设备蒸汽发生器的空间尺寸大幅缩减,作为蒸汽发生器中核心部件的汽水分离装置首当其冲。旋叶式分离器是汽水分离装置中的初级分离器,承担着80%以上的汽水分离任务,其性能优劣直接影响到海洋核动力系统的安全性和经济性。本文以旋叶式分离器为研究对象,结合欧拉-欧拉两相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用用户自定义函数(UDF)将海洋摇摆产生的附加惯性力以源项的方式添加到动量方程中,同时考虑重力分量的变化,建立了分离器内汽水两相流动与分离的三维数值计算模型,并系统研究了摇摆幅值和摇摆周期对分离器内流场特性和工作性能的影响。结果表明:周期性的摇摆运动会增强分离器内汽水两相流体的湍流交混,进而导致压力场、速度场和液相体积份额分布混乱,特别地,当摇摆幅值为40°、摇摆周期为2 s时达到临界工况,此时分离器内部多个区域出现流体回流现象,严重影响汽水两相分离效果;由摇摆运动产生的附加惯性力会使分离器内压力和速度分布的周期性波动滞后于分离器自身运动1/4周期;在分离筒近壁面区域,液相体积份额的峰值出现在分离器运动到最大倾角时刻;分离效率的周期性波动近似于正弦函数,在未达到临界工况之前,分离效率的波动与分离器的摇摆运动同步。总体上,摇摆幅值越大、摇摆周期越短,对分离器分离性能影响越大。本文结果可为开发先进的海洋核动力堆汽液分离技术提供理论依据和分析模型。

在役斜拉索粘滞阻尼器力学性能与控制效果研究

针对在役斜拉索粘滞阻尼器长期服役后易产生液体泄漏的问题,采用性能试验和有限元法定量评估并分析液体泄漏对阻尼器力学性能和减振控制效果的影响。首先,采用性能试验的方法分析实桥液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器力学性能,研究滑移产生的机理;然后,引入缝隙单元并与粘壶单元串联,建立液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器力学模型,确定模型参数并通过试验验证;最后,基于该力学模型,采用数值模拟方法建立斜拉索-液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器的系统模型,分析液体泄漏对斜拉索附加模态阻尼比的影响。结果表明:液体泄漏导致粘滞阻尼器阻尼力滞回曲线出现明显的滑移现象;液体泄漏后粘滞阻尼器内部出现空隙,当活塞杆经过空隙时无法产生正常的阻尼力,导致阻尼力滞回曲线出现滑移平台,显著削弱了阻尼器的耗能能力;随着滑移量的增大,粘滞阻尼器能够实现的一阶附加模态阻尼比逐渐减少,降低了其对斜拉索的减振控制效果。

基于气泡统一方程的水下爆炸气泡迁移特征参数影响规律研究

气泡统一方程能够高效描述考虑多种因素的球状气泡动力学行为,但描述气泡迁移方程中的特征参数对于气泡行为的影响规律以及如何确定特征参数尚不明晰.基于气泡统一方程建立了理论模型进行计算与“欧拉有限元”数值算法以及经典球状气泡理论模型进行对比,并结合以下爆炸实验,进一步验证了气泡统一方程的科学性以及相较于其他理论模型的优势.在此基础上,探究了迁移方程特征参数对自由场水下爆炸气泡动力学的影响规律.研究表明,拖曳力系数和附加质量系数对于气泡第一周期脉动的影响可忽略不计,拖曳力系数相比于附加质量系数对气泡迁移的影响更具有主导作用.当拖曳力系数较大时,其对气泡迁移产生明显的阻碍效果,反之不足以对气泡迁移提供阻碍效果.附加质量系数对气泡迁移也是阻碍作用,其对气泡迁移的影响近乎线性.确定迁移特征参数需要围绕具体问题来分析,基于研究结果并结合相似实验可以明确迁移特征参数,并采用理论计算为水下爆炸实际工程应用提供指导与参考.

考虑附加强化效应的金属材料多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型

针对等效应变模型在多轴非比例加载时不能考虑到材料的附加强化作用,而造成疲劳寿命预测误差较大的缺陷,基于临界面理论,将最大剪切应变幅作为主要的疲劳损伤参量。同时,将相位差、最大法向应力和剪切应力组成一个附加损伤系数作为次要损伤参量,来反映金属材料在多轴非比例加载下产生的附加强化效应;损伤系数中最大剪切面上的剪切应力对最大法向应力进行归一化处理来反映两个应力相互作用对疲劳寿命的影响。提出的模型在不引入额外的经验拟合常数的情形下,不仅保留了等效应变模型参数的所有优点,还有助于发现裂纹产生的机制和反映裂纹延伸方向。采用6种均为薄壁圆管的金属材料数据对提出的模型和3种经典模型进行数据验证,对比分析后的结果显示,提出的模型相对另外3种模型,得到的预测结果精确度更高且数据分布更稳定。

考虑附加弯矩后的大直径螺栓承载能力研究

为获得大直径螺栓典型连接结构的承载特性,在有限元分析的基础上开展地面试验研究,获得大直径螺栓的轴力与附加弯矩,揭示其破坏机理。分析及试验结果表明,附加弯矩是影响大直径螺栓承载能力的重要因素,考虑附加弯矩后,等效轴力是原始轴力的数倍。提出了考虑附加弯矩影响后的大直径螺栓强度计算公式,提高了预示精度。此外,开展了降低大直径螺栓附加弯矩的方法研究,指出了结构优化方向。