Heat transfer behavior of AZ80-1%Y alloy during low-frequency electromagnetic casting

Heat transfer behaviors of AZ80?1%Y alloy during low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and direct chilling casting were studied by in-situ temperature measurement. The results demonstrated that the low frequency electromagnetic field (EM) caused forced convection in the melt during LFEC. The forced convection led to uniform solidification velocity and temperature field. EM frequency, excitation current intensity and casting temperature could control the heat transfer behavior. The forced convection could improve the microstructure and degrade the difference in microstructure between the edge and center of billet. Appropriate parameters of low frequency EM for casting Mg alloy are 20 Hz of frequency and 60 A of electric current intensity.

Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the as-cast microstructure of a new super high strength aluminum alloy by horizontal continuous casting

The super high strength aluminum alloy ingots with 100 mm in diameter were cast by the process of low-frequency electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting (LFEHC) and the effect of electromagnetic field on the as-cast microstructure was studied. Results show that microstructure of the sample prepared by the LFEHC process was greatly refined. Microstructures at the border and the center of the ingots were fine, uniform and rosette-shaped. Electromagnetic frequency plays a key role in microstructure refining. Fine and uniform microstructures can be obtained with optimal electromagnetic frequency. In this experiment, under a frequency of 30 Hz the microstructure was the finest and the most uniform.

MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF FOUR-STRAND LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC CASTING ALUMINUM ALLOY

With the aid of ANSYS software, the effect of different mould external part materials on magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt and magnetic field interaction of four coils applied with same currents were investigated. Calculating results showed that magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt was greatly improved and the magnetic field interaction among different coils was decreased when external part of mould is made of soft magnetic material. Based on the finding, a four-strand low-frequency electromagnetic casting 6063 aluminum alloy experiment was carried out in the laboratory . The experiment showed that the surface of the billet was smooth and had no exudations and cold shuts, the as-cast microstructures were fine, uniform, equiaxed, net-globular or globular under low-frequency electromagnetic field. The microstructure becomes finer with increased current value.

Effect of mould material on aluminum alloy ingot quality under low frequency electromagnetic casting

With the aid of ANSYS software, the effect of different mould external part materials on magnetic flux density and electromagnetic body force in the liquid aluminum was investigated. Calculated results showed that magnetic flux density and electromagnetic body force in the aluminum melt are greatly increased when the external part of mould is made from A3 steel. A low-frequency electromagnetic casting 6063 aluminum alloy experiment was conducted in the laboratory with the current value of 120 A and frequency value of 15 Hz. The experiment showed that the microstructure and surface quality of ingots with mould outer part made from A3 steel under low-frequency electromagnetic field are better than that of ingots with mould outer part made from austenitic stainless steel. The surface of the ingots with mould outer part made from A3 steel is smooth and free from exudations and cold shut defects. The as-cast microstructure consists of fine, uniformly distributed equiaxed grains.

Low Frequency Electromagnetic Casting of 2195 Aluminum-Lithium Alloy and Its Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

In this study,the low frequency electromagnetic casting(LFEC) technology was adopted to fabricate 2195 Al-Li alloy.The microstructure and solid solubility of as-cast 2195 alloys,as well as the second phase precipitation and tensile properties after aging,were investiagated and compared with the counterpart direct chill casting 2195 alloy.Our results indicate that LFEC can significantly improve the microstructure and metallurgical quality of as-cast alloy,and increase the number density of θ’(Al2Cu) and T1(Al2CuLi) phases during aging treatment due to the enhanced solubilities of alloying elements.The tensile properties of 2195 aged alloy cast by LFEC were hence improved evidently.

LFEC and LFEVC of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The effects of a low frequency electromagnetic field and a low frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of AZ80 Mg on microstructures and alloying element distribution in ingots were investigated.The experiments were performed both in absence and in the presence of the magnetic fields.In DC casting,the ingot exhibited coarse microstructure and severe segregation of Al.In the presence of solo low frequency alternating magnetic field,namely LFEC,the grains of the ingot was effectively refined and the segregation of Al was significantly decreased.In LFEVC,namely low frequency electromagnetic vibration casting,the ingot were significantly refined and the segregation was suppressed.With increasing the vibration intensities,the grain refinement and segregation suppression were increased.

The Magnetic Field Interference in Dual-Ingot Low Frequency Electromagnetic Continuous Casting

The magnetic field interference was studied by numerical simulation and experimental examination during dual-ingot low-frequency electromagnetic casting process.By using ANSYS software package to mesh and compute,the magnetic field distribution of semi-continuous casting mold region was simulated.The calculated results were verified with the experimental ones and the effects of current direction,shield,silicon sheet and the coil distance on the distribution of magnetic field and ingot were observed.The result indicated that:regardless of current direction,the magnetic field interference among coils appears and the magnetic flux density weakens in the neighbor part of coils. When the current direction of adjacent coils is opposite,the magnetic intensity in ingots is stronger than that of in the same direction.As the distance between coils increases,the magnetic field reduction generated by interference decreases. The magnetic field interference can be alleviated by setting silicon steel sheets or shield.

Effects of electromagnetic field and lubricate condition on the surface quality of magnesium alloy billet during LFEC processing

The microstructures of the magnesium billets could be improved markedly by low-frequency electro-magnetic casting (LFEC) processing. In fact, the low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFEF) also has favorite effect on the surface quality of billet. However, few public reports on the surface quality of LFEC magnesium billets could be found. Therefore, a new crystallizer with a metal internal sleeve to-gether with a kind of lubricant was designed aiming at lowing surface turning quantity, and the effects of casting velocity, electromagnetic condition and lubrication on the surface quality of magnesium billets were investigated. The results indicate that LFEF together with the lubricate condition would be responsible for the surface quality of the billets, and the high surface quality billets could be achieved by optimizing the casting conditions.

Effect of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructure and properties of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy

The Al-9Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-xZr-ySc alloys （x=0, 0.15%, 0.15%; y=0, 0.05%, 0.15%）, produced by low-frequent electromagnetic casting technology, were subjected to homogenization treatment, hot extrusion, solution and aging treatment. The effects of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructure, recrystallization and properties of alloys were studied by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that Sc and Zr addition can refine grains of the as-cast alloy by precipitation of primary Al3（Sc,Zr） particles formed during solidification as heterogeneous nuclei. Secondary Al3（Sc,Zr） precipitates formed during homogenization treatment strongly pin the movement of dislocation and subgrain boundaries, which can effectively inhibit the alloys recrystallization. Compared with the alloy without Sc and Zr addition, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy with 0.05%Sc and 0.15%Zr shows the increase in tensile strength and yield strength by 172 MPa and 218 MPa, respectively. Strengthening comes from the contributions of precipitation, substructure and grain refining.

7050铝合金低频电磁铸锭挤压板的微观组织及时效特性

研究了低频电磁铸造和普通DC铸造7050铝合金铸锭经挤压变形后所得板材制品的微观组织及时效特性.结果表明,低频电磁铸锭挤压板材的微观组织保持了其原始铸态组织品粒细小的特点.在相同挤压比条件下,低频电磁铸锭挤压板的平均晶粒直径约为10μm,而普通DC铸锭挤压板的平均晶粒直径约为20μm.低频电磁铸锭挤压板具有更快的时效强化速率和更好的时效强化效果.两种挤压板在120℃进行单级时效时,低频电磁铸锭挤压板经8 h达到强度峰值,其纵向和横向的拉伸强度分别为656和596 MPa;而普通DC铸锭挤压板经12 h才达到强度峰值,其纵向和横向的拉伸强度分别为647和590 MPa.

均匀化处理对低频电磁铸造7050铝合金微观组织的影响

利用低频电磁铸造工艺制备了具有细小、均匀等轴晶组织的7050铝合金铸锭,研究了均匀化处理过程中铸锭微观组织及性能的变化.结果表明,与普通DC铸造锭坯相比,低频电磁铸造铸锭有更佳的均匀化处理效果.在同样的均匀化处理条件下,低频电磁铸造铸锭的晶间低熔点相含量更低,晶内溶质元素含量更高.低频电磁铸造铸锭在均匀化处理12 h后,晶内溶质元素含量即已达到合金的平均含量;而普通铸锭在均匀化处理48 h后,晶内溶质元素含量仍低于合金的平均含量.

不同磁场条件对双流铸造7075铝合金组织的影响

成功研制了双流低频电磁半连续铸造铝合金的设备,使用该设备实现7075铝合金连续稳定的铸造,为工业实现多流低频电磁半连续铸造提供实验基础.利用此铸造设备,对比研究双流铸造中不同磁场条件对7075铝合金组织的影响.研究发现:相邻线圈电流方向相反时铸锭宏观组织略微好于线圈电流方向相同时;随着电流强度的增大,晶粒逐渐得到细化,当电流强度大于160 A后,磁场作用基本达到最佳效果;励磁电流频率小于等于10 Hz或者大于等于30 Hz均无法改善合金组织,当励磁电流频率为20 Hz的时候,铸锭晶粒相对细小,分布均匀,且宏观偏析得到了显著抑制.

低频电磁场对过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响

采用低频电磁半连续铸造技术制备Al-19.2%Si合金铸锭,利用电子光学显微镜对铸锭的显微组织进行分析比较,研究了电磁场强度和频率对初生硅颗粒形貌的影响;利用测温技术对合金的凝固过程进行监测,研究低频电磁场对凝固前沿温度场的影响.实验结果表明:与普通DC铸造相比,采用低频电磁半连续铸造可以明显改变液穴中熔体的温度场,使其温度显著下降,温度分布均匀,液穴降低,初生硅颗粒得到有效细化;改变外加电磁场条件,随着电磁场强度的增加,初生硅颗粒细化;随着电磁场频率的增加初生硅颗粒逐渐变大.在本实验条件下,外加电磁场条件为15 Hz,12000At时,初生硅颗粒最为细小.

Parametric Modeling of Electromagnetically Induced Vibration Processes Occurring Within Induction Systems

A continuum based model is presented which identifies a favorable set of operational conditions whereby an effective and efficient electromagnetically induced vibratory motion can proceed within an induction system.Specifically, an analytical assessment is presented for the electromagnetic field and the electromagnetically induced acoustic field, with parametric factors incorporated into the model to permit a normal modes solution for the acoustic field which here is sensitive to the compliance of both the molten metal and the wall,as well as electromagnetic properties of the metal.A parametric analysis is presented which identifies the importance of matching the mechanical impedances of the melt-wall configuration so that the generation of acoustic energy within the melt system can be more effectively utilized.Relatively straight-forward calculations,presented for the acoustic field,may provide a more computationally efficient means for implementing process simulation studies for these systems.

低频电磁铸造Al-4.5%Cu合金微观偏析研究

利用直接水冷半连续(常规DC)铸造工艺和低频电磁铸造(LFEC)工艺分别制备了Al-4.5%Cu(质量分数)合金铸锭.测量了常规DC铸造和LFEC过程中的温度曲线,研究了低频电磁场条件下的铸锭微观组织变化和Cu元素的微观偏析.通过金相观察发现,在低频电磁场作用下,α-Al和θ相的共晶组织变得细小,其面积分数明显减小.利用电子探针测量结果绘制Cu元素成分曲线,发现在凝圈的最初过渡区,Cu元素的成分曲线在低频电磁场作用下升高,α-Al中Cu元素含量增加.通过计算得到Cu元素的有效分配系数k_e,发现在最初过渡区k_e线性增大到1.LFEC工艺使得Cu元素的k_e变大,并且随着电流强度的增强这一趋势愈发明显.由于低频电磁场加速了凝固前沿的冷却速度,使更多的Cu原子固溶在α-Al中,Cu元素在铸锭中的微观偏析得到了改善.

Quasi-Steady Vibratory Motion Within an Inductively Heated Cylindrically-Shaped Liquid Volume

The motion of an inductively heated fluid volume of cylindrical shape is assessed based on time dependent oscillatory components of the Lorentz force.The applications considered include vibratory motion in a channel induction furnace and vibratory motion in an electromagnetically excited direct chill casting.The governing equations for the resulting magnetoacoustic problem are presented with the acoustic field solutions expressed in terms of normal modes. Closed form expressions are developed for the velocity,pressure and phase relationships between the excitation and the response.Calculations are prescribed for the pressure in both the channel furnace and the direct chill casting,with the calculational results from the casting application suggesting that,roughly,a two-fold increase in the effective peak acoustic pressure can be achieved by superimposing on the AC electromagnetic field a DC magnetic field of strength sufficient to match the peak alternating magnetic field.A procedure is also outlined for developing field descriptions of the velocity and pressure which can be effected in a MATLAB environ.