Low-frequency oscillation of train-network system considering traction power supply mode

The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECT OF THE LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE OVER THE EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

There has been a lot of discussion about the atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and the low-frequency oscillation of atmospheric circulation.However,the research on low-frequency oscillation of heat source over TP and its impact on atmospheric circulation are not fully carried out.By using the vertically integrated apparent heat source which is calculated by the derivation method,main oscillation periods and propagation features of the summer apparent heat source over the eastern TP(Q1ETP)are diagnosed and analyzed from 1981 to 2000.The results are as follows:(1)Summer Q1ETP has two significant oscillation periods:one is 10-20d(BWO,Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation)and the other is 30-60d(LFO,Low-frequency Oscillation).(2)A significant correlation is found between Q1ETP and rainfall over the eastern TP in 1985 and 1992,showing that the low-frequency oscillation of heat source is likely to be stimulated by oscillation of latent heat.(3)The oscillation of heat source on the plateau mainly generates locally but sometimes originates from elsewhere.The BWO of Q1ETP mainly exhibits stationary wave,sometimes moves out(mainly eastward),and has a close relationship with the BWO from the Bay of Bengal.Showing the same characteristics as BWO,the LFO mainly shows local oscillation,occasionally propagates(mainly westward),and connects with the LFO from East China.In summary,more attention should be paid to the study on BWO of Q1ETP.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUMMER LOW-FREQUENCY RAINFALL OVER SOUTHERN CHINA AND PROPAGATION OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION

This study investigates the relationship between summer low-frequency rainfall over southern China and tropical intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) in the atmosphere by examining systematically the propagation features of the tropical ISO in terms of focusing on five large-scale low-frequency rainfall regimes in summer over southern China. It is demonstrated that there is a close linkage between the five rainfall regimes over southern China and the northward propagation of the tropical ISO. The moist ISO signals, which influence the low-frequency rainfall events in different regions of southern China, mainly propagate northwestward from the tropical ocean to the southeast of China. The southeast China rainfall regime is intimately associated with the moist ISO signals propagating northwestward from the equatorial mid-western Pacific Ocean. For both the Yangtze River regime and South of Yangtze River regime, the moist ISO signals over the northern South China Sea show an evident northward propagation towards the Yangtze River region, and then propagate westward. It is further found that the interaction between the northward propagation of low-latitude ISO signals and the southward propagation of high-latitude ISO signals can also make a clear influence on the low-frequency rainfall in southern China. For the Southern China regime, the moist ISO signals show a significant northward propagation from the Philippines. Moreover, for the rainless regime, southern China is under dry ISO signals' control, and the latter shows no clear propagation to southern China. This study may provide insights for the extended-range forecasting of summer rainfall in southern China.

Dynamic Phasor Modeling and Low-frequency Oscillation Analysis of Single-phase Vehicle-grid System

In practical operations,low-frequency oscillation(LFO)occurs and leads to converter blocking when multiple electrical rail vehicles at the platform are powered by the traction network.This paper proposes a small-signal model in state-space form for multiple vehicle-grid systems based on a dynamic phasor.This model uses the phasor amplitude and phase as variables to accurately describe the dynamics of the converter phase-domain control.An eigenvalue based-method is introduced to investigate the LFO with advantages of acquiring all oscillatory modes and analyzing participation factors.Two low-frequency dominant modes are identified by eigenvalues.Mode shape reveals that one of the modes involves the oscillations between the grid-connected converters and the traction network,and the other one involves the oscillations among these converters.Then the sensitivities of these two low-frequency modes to different system parameters are analyzed.Participation factors of system state variables,when the number of connected vehicle increases,are compared.Finally,the theoretical analysis is verified by nonlinear time-domain simulations and the modal analysis based on the estimation of signal parameters via the rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT)method.

Mode-based Damping Torque Analysis in Power System Low-frequency Oscillations

The mode-based damping torque analysis(M-DTA)method for studying the effect of an external controller on power system low-frequency oscillations is proposed in this paper.First,based on the interconnection model between the system and the controller in the frequency domain,the oscillation loop corresponding to the electromechanical oscillation mode is built,and then the mode-based damping torque of the controller can be calculated.Then,the application of the M-DTA method in the power system is illustrated.The derivation shows that in the single-machine infinite-bus power system,the M-DTA method is completely equivalent to the classical damping torque analysis(C-DTA)method.In the multi-machine power system,the mode-based damping torque directily reflects the effect of the controller on the oscillation mode,overcoming the shortcomings of the C-DTA method in which there is no direct correspondence between the damping torque and the oscillation mode.By deriving the relationship with the residue index,the M-DTA method shows higher accuracy than the residue method in applications,such as controller parameter adjustment.Finally,two example power systems are presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed M-DTA method.Index Terms-Electromechanical oscillation mode,FACTS,interconnection model in the frequency domain,mode-based damping torque analysis(M-DTA),power system low-frequency oscillation,PSS,residue method.

MODULATION OF MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION ON TIBETAN PLATEAU VORTEX

This study uses NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data,NOAA outgoing long-wave radiation(OLR) data,the real-time multivariate MJO(RMM) index from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Tibetan Plateau vortex(TPV)data from the Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology to discuss modulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)on the Tibetan Plateau Vortex(TPV).Wavelet and composite analysis are used.Results show that the MJO plays an important role in the occurrence of the TPV that the number of TPVs generated within an active period of the MJO is three times as much as that during an inactive period.In addition,during the active period,the number of the TPVs generated in phases 1 and 2 is larger than that in phases 3 and 7.After compositing phases 1 and 7 separately,all meteorological elements in phase 1 are apparently conducive to the generation of the TPV,whereas those in phase 7 are somewhat constrained.With its eastward propagation process,the MJO convection centre spreads eastward,and the vertical circulation within the tropical atmosphere changes.Due to the interaction between the mid-latitude and low-latitude atmosphere,changes occur in the baroclinic characteristics of the atmosphere,the available potential energy and eddy available potential energy of the atmosphere,and the circulation structures of the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and surrounding areas.This results in significantly different water vapour transportation and latent heat distribution.Advantageous and disadvantageous conditions therefore alternate,leading to a significant difference among the numbers of plateau vortex in different phases.

Modified slow-fast analysis method for slow-fast dynamical systems with two scales in frequency domain

A modified slow-fast analysis method is presented for the periodically excited non-autonomous dynamical system with an order gap between the exciting frequency and the natural frequency.By regarding the exciting term as a slow-varying parameter,a generalized autonomous fast subsystem can be defined,the equilibrium branches as well as the bifurcations of which can be employed to account for the mechanism of the bursting oscillations by combining the transformed phase portrait introduced.As an example,a typical periodically excited Hartley model is used to demonstrate the validness of the method,in which the exciting frequency is far less than the natural frequency.The equilibrium branches and their bifurcations of the fast subsystem with the variation of the slow-varying parameter are presented.Bursting oscillations for two typical cases are considered,which reveals that,fold bifurcation may cause the the trajectory to jump between different equilibrium branches,while Hopf bifurcation may cause the trajectory to oscillate around the stable limit cycle.

A DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIC FACTORS OF LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE

Based on dynamical characteristics of the tropical atmosphere, a mathematical model of low-frequency oscillation (LFO hereinafter) in low-latitudes has been developed. The analysis shows that the distributive fea- tures (shear of wind speed) of easterlies and westerlies in low-latitudes, the divergence and convergence of meridional and zonal flow, the vertical structure of diabatic heating and the Coriolis parameter f are the basic factors resulting in the LFO, while quasi-periodical baroclinity development or index cycle of westerly waves in middle-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is an external forcing to the LFO in the tropical atmos- phere. The resonance on adequate condition makes LFO suddenly enhanced.

Initial-condition-switched boosting extreme multistability and mechanism analysis in a memcapacitive oscillator

Extreme multistability has seized scientists’ attention due to its rich diversity of dynamical behaviors and great flexibility in engineering applications. In this paper, a four-dimensional(4D) memcapacitive oscillator is built using four linear circuit elements and one nonlinear charge-controlled memcapacitor with a cosine inverse memcapacitance. The 4D memcapacitive oscillator possesses a line equilibrium set, and its stability periodically evolves with the initial condition of the memcapacitor. The 4D memcapacitive oscillator exhibits initial-condition-switched boosting extreme multistability due to the periodically evolving stability. Complex dynamical behaviors of period doubling/halving bifurcations, chaos crisis, and initial-condition-switched coexisting attractors are revealed by bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and phase portraits. Thereafter, a reconstructed system is derived via integral transformation to reveal the forming mechanism of the initial-condition-switched boosting extreme multistability in the memcapacitive oscillator. Finally, an implementation circuit is designed for the reconstructed system, and Power SIMulation(PSIM) simulations are executed to confirm the validity of the numerical analysis.

HVDC送端系统振荡引发受端换相失败的机理分析

高压直流输电系统送、受端存在电气耦合及两端的控制配合,因此,送端振荡可通过系统控制逻辑、电气量及控制量变化等影响受端系统的运行状态,增加了受端换相失败的风险。现有工作主要研究了送端大扰动引发受端换相失败的现象与机理,通过对标准直流系统进行小信号分析,发现直流系统中存在低频频段的固有振荡频率,一旦交流系统发生相近频段的振荡,将可能诱发直流系统共振。在此基础上,首先分析共振引起系统电气量以及控制量的波动对换相失败的影响,通过HVDC的准稳态方程分析共振后直流电流上升导致关断角下降,进而引发首次换相失败的机理;然后从两端的控制系统出发,研究逆变侧控制切换引发后续换相失败的机理;最后对CIGRE直流输电标准测试系统进行验证,并结合换相失败发生机理对换相失败的抑制策略进行了初步讨论。

海上风电经柔性直流送出系统高频振荡分析及抑制策略

近年来,柔性直流输电已经是风电深远海开发的有效方案,随着大量用于远海风电并网的柔性直流输电系统不断投运,高频振荡现象在实际工程中频繁出现。然而,现有研究大多聚焦于新能源交流并网系统或异步分区电网交互所产生的高频振荡现象,针对海上风电经柔性直流送出系统的高频振荡研究尚不充分。并且现有模块化多电平换流器(MMC)高频段阻抗模型通常忽略换流器中、低频段特性,使得投入高频振荡抑制策略对中、低频阻抗特性的影响无法被准确揭示。为此,本文首先考虑系统链路延时的影响,基于谐波状态空间建立MMC全频段阻抗模型。在此基础上,分析海上风电经柔性直流送出系统高频振荡机理,并设计控制参数优化策略。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink搭建海上风电经柔性直流送出系统电磁暂态仿真模型,并验证本文所建阻抗模型的精确性以及高频振荡抑制策略的有效性。

Influence of oscillation strain on the dynamic mechanical relaxation of a La-based metallic glass

Dynamic mechanical relaxation processes,particularly secondary relaxation processes,are closely related to the mechanical and physical properties of metallic glasses.Here the effect of oscillation strain amplitude on the secondary relaxation of a typical Labased metallic glass was studied using the dynamic mechanical analysis method.The apparent activation energy of theβrelaxation is shown to increase with the oscillation strain amplitude.When it changes from 0.02%to 0.16%,the activation energy increases from 0.73 to 0.96 eV.Simultaneously,the intensity of theβrelaxation shifts toward high temperature.Additionally,the apparentβrelaxation is found to be sensitive to the physical aging below the glass transition temperature.The findings suggest a correlation between the inelastic deformation and the relaxation behavior of amorphous metals.

CISK,EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30—60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM) and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to represent EWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamics analyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are very important physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.

双馈风电并网系统的宽频振荡机理分析与抑制

电力系统振荡失稳严重威胁其安全稳定运行,在“双碳”目标和能源转型的推动下,风电并网使新型电力系统的振荡稳定性问题加剧。综合考虑传动系统、风机变换器、锁相环、串联补偿等电力系统各部分,建立了双馈风电并网系统的精确化综合模型。在此基础上,基于模式分析法分析系统振荡模式与参与因子关系特性,确定引发系统振荡模式的强相关状态变量和主导因素,探究双馈风电并网电力系统的宽频振荡机理,并寻找振荡抑制方法。与传统模型相对比,并在Matlab软件平台进行仿真分析与验证。结果表明:所建模型及机理分析方法以更多的状态变量表征了更丰富的振荡模式信息,更详尽地解释了系统宽频振荡机理,并能有效消除振荡,提高系统阻尼,提升系统稳定性,为进一步研究和开发电力系统宽频振荡检测和抑制方法奠定理论基础。

A spatiotemporal signal processing technique for wafer-scale IC thermomechanical stress monitoring by an infrared camera

In this paper, we describe a new silicon-die thermal monitoring approach using spatiotemporal signal processing technique for Wafer-Scale IC thermome- chanical stress monitoring. It is proposed in the context of a wafer-scale-based (WaferICTM) rapid prototyping platform for electronic systems. This technique will be embedded into the structure of the WaferIC, and will be used as a preventive measure to protect the wafer from possible damages that can be caused by excessive thermomechanical stress. The paper also presents spatial and spatiotemporal algorithms and the experimental results from an IR images collection campaign conducted using an IR camera.

混流式水轮机压力脉动诱发有功振荡的机理分析

以水电为调节电源的多能互补系统中,要求机组在全容量范围内进行负荷调节,混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动诱发的有功振荡问题越显突出。通过对机组有功振荡与压力脉动之间的关系分析,得出压力脉动频率与机组有功振荡固有频率之间的动力学机理。结合水电机组实际参数,研究机组有功振荡频率的变化及其影响因素,分析给出压力脉动频率与机组有功振荡固有频率共振区的计算方法,可为解决压力脉动诱发有功振荡问题提供参考。

电动汽车直流充电站的低阶RLC阻抗电路模型

[目的]虚拟惯性阻尼控制(Virtual Inertia and Damping Control,VIDC)潜在的正反馈可能加剧控制环路内部的相互作用进而引起母线电压低频振荡,破坏电动汽车直流充电站(Electric Vehicle DC Charging Station,EVCS)的稳定性。虽然已有多时间尺度阻抗模型解释VIDC的稳定机制和VIDC控制下EVCS的低频振荡机理,但其本质上是一个高阶传递函数,获取阻尼控制策略的解析表达式。[方法]针对这一问题,文章对环路虚拟阻抗进行了详细的阻抗分析,直观地揭示了每个控制环路阻抗高阶属性的根本原因。[结果]通过伯德图近似提出了控制环路闭环增益的降阶拟合方法,建立了低阶阻抗电路模型。[结论]通过Matlab/Simulation仿真结果验证了所提出的多时间尺度低阶阻抗电路模型的有效性。

液体火箭发动机中频耦合振荡初步研究

为了研究常规液体火箭发动机研制中出现的中频流量型耦合振荡问题,对发动机耦合系统中各环节建立了满足声学分析的线性化频域模型。通过比较供应系统和燃烧室的幅频响应,并分析耦合系统的自由振荡复频率,以判断发动机的耦合稳定性。计算结果符合发动机试车规律,能够有效地反映该类型不稳定的特征。进一步讨论了燃烧时滞、喷注压降、管路长度和安装节流圈对系统耦合不稳定的影响规律,并揭示了该类型不稳定的机理。

钝头体激波诱导振荡燃烧现象的数值模拟

采用一种改进的化学非平衡流解耦方法对轴对称Euler反应流方程解耦处理,对流项采用五阶WENO格式离散,化学反应源项的刚性采用简化的隐式方法处理,时间步进采用二阶精度的Runge-Kutta方法,对H_2/Air预混气在来流Ma=4.48和Ma=4.79时的激波诱导振荡燃烧现象进行了数值研究.对比分析了网格尺度的影响,发现计算结果对法向网格尺度比较敏感,流向网格密度的变化对结果影响不大;Ma=4.48时,采用敏感性分析方法对各反应模型进行了对比分析,J和B-W模型在实验所处的温度和压力范围内能够比较准确的预测诱导时间,所得的振荡频率与实验结果相符,所揭示的振荡机理与McVey和Toong振荡机理吻合,而JM模型预测的诱导时间偏长,其振荡频率低于实验观测值;Ma=4.79时,J模型所得的振荡频率与实验值吻合,而B-W模型释热时间短,且对流场波动比较敏感,流场扰动引起了瞬时局部爆震现象,破坏了振荡的规律性;五阶WENO空间离散格式的应用使计算结果精度较好.

印刷机串墨机构的载荷分布特性研究

印刷机串墨机构的载荷分布特性是对墙板进行有限元分析的基础。利用动态静力分析法,建立了串墨机构运动副间动载荷的数学模型;用消元法得到了各运动副反力的解析式。结合实例分析了机构的动载荷分布特征。研究表明:各运动副反力和反力矩在换向位置均出现突变,引起墙板的振动,从而造成印刷故障。