Insights into the enhancement of food flavor perception:strategies,mechanism and emulsion applications

The core drivers of the modern food industry are meeting consumer demand for tasty and healthy foods.The application of food flavor perception enhancement can help to achieve the goals of salt-and sugar-reduction,without compromising the sensory quality of the original food,and this has attracted increasing research attention.The analysis of bibliometric results from 2002 to 2022 reveals that present flavor perception enhancement strategies(changing ingredient formulations,adding salt/sugar substitutes,emulsion delivery systems)are mainly carry out based on sweetness,saltiness and umami.Emulsion systems is becoming a novel research foci and development trends of international food flavor perception-enhancement research.The structured design of food emulsions,by using interface engineering technology,can effectively control,or enhance the release of flavor substances.Thus,this review systematically summarizes strategies,the application of emulsion systems and the mechanisms of action of food flavor perception-enhancement technologies,based on odor-taste cross-modal interaction(OTCMI),to provide insights into the further structural design and application of emulsion systems in this field.

The shaping of milk-flavored white tea:More than a change in appearance

Tea’s popularity and flavor are influenced by factors like cultivation and processing methods and shaping techniques also have an impact on tea flavor.This study employed targeted metabolomics and chemometrics to investigate how shaping techniques affect the flavor of milk-flavored white tea(MFWT).The results showed that the tea cake sample with the shortest pressing time(Y90)has the highest amino acid content and milky aroma intensity.There were variations in amino acids,catechins,and soluble sugars among MFWT samples with different shaping techniques.The total contents of amino acids and catechins in tea cake sample(Y90)were significantly lower than those in the loose tea sample(SC)and bundle-like tea sample(SG),while the total sugar content was significantly higher than that in SC(P<0.05).Additionally,the content of volatiles presenting milky aroma(VIP&OAV>1)in Y90 remained lower relative to SC and SG(P<0.05),but the proportion was not different from that in SC and SG,minimally affecting the overall flavor.The short-time pressing method might be suitable for mass production of MFWT.These findings provide insights into improving the tightness of the appearance of MFWT with minimal impact on tea flavor.

Correlation of gut microorganisms and non-volatile flavor substances provides new insights for breeding Scylla paramamosain

The farming of Scylla paramamosain with specific flavors has a higher commercial value,and the flavors are related to the integrated farming environment and non-volatile flavor substances,while the survival environment is one of the important ways to source gut microorganisms in the organism.In this study,the levels of dominant taxa in the gut flora of S.paramamosain from Mong Cai,Vietnam(VN),Taishan City,Guangdong Province(TS)of China,and Ninghai County,Ningbo City(NB)Zhejiang Province of China converged with those of S.paramamosain from Sanmen County,Ningbo City(CK 1,CK 2,and CK 3)at 28 d of domestication.The top 15 genera with the highest abundance of VN,TS,and NB gut flora were the same as CK 1,CK 2,and CK 3,but with different percentages,and gradually converged to CK 1,CK 2,and CK 3,respectively,at 28 d of domestication.Correlation between intestinal flora and non-volatile flavor substances in the hepatopancreas at the percentage level of relative abundance of bacterial genera found that above 28 d of domestication,Muribaculaceae,Psychrilyobacter,Clostridia_vadinBB 60_group,Halarcobacter Carboxylicivirga,Sediminispirochaeta may be the most important genera affecting flavor amino acids of VN.Sediminispirochaeta,Carboxylicivirga,Halarcobacter,Photobacterium,ZOR 0006,Psychrilyobacter,and Pseudomonas may be the most important genera affecting flavor amino acids of NB.Sediminispirochaeta,Carboxylicivirga,Halarcobacter,Photobacterium,ZOR 0006,Vibrio,and Sphingomonas may be the most important genera affecting flavor amino acids of TS.These results show that the intestinal flora structure of crabs from different areas were domesticated in the same area for at least 28 d before they converged to that of the domesticated crab,and the most important genera affecting the flavor amino acids of TS,VN,and NB were also identified.The results of this study provide a reference and basis for the technique of directional cultivation of the flavor quality of the crab.

Microbiomics and metabolomics insights into the microbial regulation on the formation of flavor components in the traditional fermentation process of Chinese Hongqu aged vinegar

This study aimed to investigate microbial succession and metabolic dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aged vinegar,and explore the core functional microbes closely related to the formation of flavor components.Microbiome analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus,Acetobacter,Bacillus,Enterobacter,Lactococcus,Leuconostoc and Weissella were the predominant bacterial genera,while Aspergillus piperis,Aspergillus oryzae,Monascus purpureus,Candida athensensis,C.xylopsoci,Penicillium ochrosalmoneum and Simplicillium aogashimaense were the predominant fungal species.Correlation analysis revealed that Acetobacter was positively correlated with the production of tetramethylpyrazine,acetoin and acetic acid,Lactococcus showed positive correlation with the production of 2-nonanone,2-heptanone,ethyl caprylate,ethyl caprate,1-hexanol,1-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol,C.xylopsoci and C.rugosa were positively associated with the production of diethyl malonate,2,3-butanediyl diacetate,acetoin,benzaldehyde and tetramethylpyrazine.Correspondingly,non-volatile metabolites were also detected through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.A variety of amino acids and functional dipeptides were identified during the traditional brewing of Hongqu aged vinegar.Correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus was significantly associated with DL-lactate,indolelactic acid,D-(+)-3-phenyllactic acid,pimelic acid,pregabalin and 3-aminobutanoic acid.This study is useful for understanding flavor formation mechanism and developing effective strategies for the suitable strains selection to improve the flavor quality of Hongqu aged vinegar.

Impact of Low-temperature Storage on Volatile Flavor Compounds in Prepared Pork Products

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the dynamic changes of volatile flavor compounds in prepared pork during storage at different low-temperature conditions.[Methods]Prepared pork was stored at 4,-4 and-18℃.The volatile flavor compounds of prepared pork were determined by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS)at days 0,7,14,21 and 28,and relative odor activity value(OAV),principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA)were combined to analyze changes in volatile flavor compounds of prepared pork during storage.[Results]The total number of volatile flavor compounds gradually decreased with the prolongation of the storage period,and OAV analysis identified 22 key flavor compounds(OAV≥1).The results of PCA and CA showed that 2-methyl-1-butanol,1-octen-3-ol,linalool,cineole,hexanal and nonanal were the main key flavor components,and the degree of flavor degradation was low under both superchilling and freezing conditions.After 28 days of storage,the alcohol content in the chilling group was significantly higher than other two groups,and the overall content of volatile flavor compounds was also significantly higher than other two groups,indicating that the-4℃chilling storage was more favorable for maintaining the overall flavor of prepared pork.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for finding a better storage method for prepared meat products.

SPME-Arrow/GC-MS结合多元统计分析研究不同批次爆珠香精组分差异

以箭型固相微萃取(SPME-Arrow)为样品萃取手段,通过优化萃取头种类、氯化钠添加量、萃取温度、平衡时间及萃取时间等条件,构建了高效鉴定爆珠香精中挥发性及半挥发性化合物的箭型固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-Arrow/GC-MS)法。采用该方法对不同批次爆珠香精进行分析,结合主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)及显著性F检验等多元统计分析手段,筛选显著性差异成分。结果表明:最佳萃取条件为优选DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头,添加2.0 g氯化钠,在60℃下平衡50 min,萃取时间为40 min;经谱库检索结合保留指数辅助定性,共鉴定出96种挥发性、半挥发性组分,目标物峰面积的日间相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%的色谱峰数量占总峰数量的92.7%,表明方法的重复性较好;从不同批次爆珠香精中共筛选出17个潜在差异化合物,通过显著性检验,确定10种显著性差异化合物,分别为α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、桉叶油醇、异胡薄荷醇、薄荷酮(含异构体)、新异薄荷醇、乙酸新薄荷酯、三辛酸甘油酯和二辛酸单癸酸甘油酯。该法可有效区分不同批次爆珠样品的组分差异,具有客观真实、准确可靠、可视化强等特点,能够为爆珠产品质量检验提供技术支持。

鱼香鱿鱼卷预调理食品的研发

该研究以市售鱿鱼和市售各类调味料为原料,从调味料的配比、主料的烹制方法、产品的杀菌工艺3个方面对鱼香鱿鱼卷的加工工艺进行了研究。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验得出调味料的最优配比为精盐4 g、醋10 g、糖20 g、酱油10 g、姜末和蒜末各15 g、鱼眼葱20 g、泡辣椒30 g、鲜汤200 g。对主料采用煮制、蒸制、炸制3种不同熟制方式熟制,以感官评分为指标,确定最优熟制方式为炸制;将最优熟制方式处理后的鱿鱼卷抽真空分装后采用3种不同杀菌方式处理,在相同储存条件下储存,观测并记录样品品质变化情况,以菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮值、pH值为指标,确定最佳杀菌方法为微波杀菌。该工艺条件处理下的预调理鱼香鱿鱼卷保质期长且色香味美。

羊肚菌酶解工艺优化及酶解液挥发性风味物质分析

为优化羊肚菌酶解工艺,探究酶解液挥发性风味物质,研究采用响应面试验设计优化酶解工艺,顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPMEGC-MS)结合香气活性值(Odor activity value,OAV)分析鉴定关键风味物质。结果表明,加酶量5000 U/g、pH6.7、酶解温度44℃、酶解时间2 h为最佳酶解工艺,此条件下水解度达34.11%;GC-MS分析共鉴定出挥发性风味物质23种,其中空白组17种,酶解组21种,酶解后风味物质含量增加了203.71%,醛类是最主要的挥发性风味物质,占整个风味物质的78.50%。进一步分析OAV≥1的化合物,空白组7种,酶解组9种,并确定异戊醛、苯乙醛、正己醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、芳樟醇、2-戊基呋喃、柠檬烯、萘为羊肚菌酶解液的关键风味化合物。该研究表明酶解可促进风味物质的释放,为羊肚菌的风味利用、调味料深加工开发提供数据基础。

基于己酸菌微胶囊的无窖泥发酵浓香型白酒工艺研究

该研究将己酸菌复合菌液微胶囊化,以期替代窖泥发酵生产浓香型白酒。通过将己酸菌微胶囊与酒醅混合发酵,对加曲量、发酵时间、己酸菌微胶囊添加量和添加方式进行单因素试验,测定发酵结束后酒醅及酒体理化指标、风味物质含量,并结合多元统计分析方法,对影响发酵的主要因素进行探究。结果表明,不同发酵条件下酒醅中水分含量无明显差异,己酸乙酯含量受发酵条件变化影响比较明显。所得浓香型白酒中共检测到96种物质,其中酯类、醇类物质种类及含量占比最高,受发酵条件变化影响最大,发酵时间和加曲量是对酒体风味物质变化影响最显著的2个因素。己酸乙酯与己酸菌微胶囊添加量、发酵时间、加曲量呈正相关,与己酸菌微胶囊添加量相关性最强。该研究可为无窖泥发酵生产浓香型白酒提供参考。

SAFE结合GC-MS/O分离分析29种淡香型天然香辛料香气活性成分

采用溶剂萃取结合溶剂辅助风味蒸发萃取(SAFE),分离富集29种淡香型天然香辛料的香气活性成分,使用气相色谱质谱/嗅闻联用仪(GC-MS/O)进行了定性定量测定。将各类香气活性化合物的种类和含量构建相关系数矩阵网络,建立了不同香辛料的网络可视化图。结果表明,共检测到244种香气活性成分,其含量较高的主要成分为151种,包括烯烃类31种、醇类20种、酯类13种、酮类18种、醛类13种、酚类10种、含硫类11种、酸类9种、醚类6种、烷烃类7种和含氮类4种。芳樟醇和香兰素分别在28、25种淡香型香辛料中检出。香荚兰、枯茗、芒果和月桂叶中质量分数最高的分别为香兰素、4-异丙基苯甲醛、柠檬醛和4-异丙基苯甲醛;枫茅、月桂叶、豆蔻、甘牛至、草果、迷迭香、罗幌子和藏红花中醇类化合物的质量分数较高,分别为香叶醇、α-松油醇、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇、(–)-4-萜品醇、桉叶油醇、(1α,2α,5α)-2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-双环[3.1.0]己-2-醇;刺柏、圆叶当归、姜黄、甘草、迷迭香、调料九里香和菖蒲中的烯烃类化合物质量分数最高,分别为茴香脑、大根香叶烯、α-姜黄烯、反-菖蒲烯、β-瑟林烯、洋芹脑和茴香脑;蒙百里香、葫芦巴、罗幌子中主要的酚类化合物为丁香酚;刺山柑、欧芹中主要的酯类化合物为乙酸松油酯;芒果、香椿中的含硫类物质种类和含量最高,分别为3-甲硫基丙醛和1-甲基乙基丙基二硫;芝麻主要以2,6-二甲基吡嗪和4-烯丙基苯甲醚为主;石榴和山奈的主要香气活性成分为茴香脑;杨桃的主要香气活性成分为水杨酸甲酯。29种淡香型香辛料分为4大类,其中香椿的介中心度最高,表明其在淡香型香辛料网络中起着核心桥梁作用。

基于《傅青主女科》探讨肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗的中医证治

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)伴胰岛素抵抗(IR)是一种常见的内分泌疾病,在肥胖患者中尤为普遍。随着生活节奏的不断提速、生活方式的日益多样化和生活环境的持续变迁,该病已成为国内外影响女性身心健康的重要生殖内分泌疾病之一。西医主要通过生活干预和降糖药、避孕药医治,然而药物副作用较大,且停药后复发率高。传统医学对肥胖型PCOS-IR的治疗原则主要遵循整体观念和辨证论治的思想,旨在调节内分泌功能、改善代谢状态,以达到标本兼治的效果,治疗疗效显著、副作用小且整体费用低廉。以傅青主医学思想为核心,结合古籍记载及各医家思想,探讨傅氏加味补中益气汤论治肥胖型PCOS-IR的可行性,为肥胖型PCOS-IR患者的临床治疗提供新思路。

豆浆中风味物质形成、与蛋白的互作机制及生物法改善豆浆风味的研究进展

豆浆作为一种营养丰富的植物基蛋白饮品,在全球范围内受到消费者的喜爱。然而,其特有的不良风味往往影响消费者的接受度,限制了豆浆产品的市场推广。本文探讨豆浆中风味物质的形成机理、这些风味物质与豆浆中的蛋白质之间的相互作用机制以及通过生物方法改善豆浆风味的研究进展。通过无脂氧合酶大豆品种的开发、酶处理和微生物发酵等生物方法,可以有效地改善豆浆的风味,同时保持其营养价值。最后对未来改善豆浆风味的研究方向做出展望,以期为豆浆及其制品的品质提升和市场推广提供理论依据,为推动我国大豆制品市场的发展做出贡献。

瑞士乳杆菌与耐酸乳杆菌复合强化对液态发酵食醋风味的影响

该研究将瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)与耐酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acetotolerans)分阶段接种于液态发酵食醋的发酵过程中,以提升食醋品质。采用高效液相色谱、顶空固相微萃取-气质联用和电子舌等分析方法,对液态发酵食醋的有机酸含量、挥发性化合物含量进行分析并对其进行感官评价。结果表明,L.helveticus L-6与L.acetotolerans L-9复合强化后,液态发酵食醋总酸可达5.15 g/100 mL;还原糖残留量为3.41 g/L;乳酸、丙酮酸含量提升显著,其中乳酸含量提升幅度最大,可达12.8 g/L;复合强化可以显著提升乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、苯乙酸等具有花果香、奶香和甜香风味的挥发性化合物含量;感官评价结果表明,两种乳酸菌分阶段复合强化发酵的食醋甜味和鲜味增加且酸味明显减弱,风味品质明显提升。该研究证实了在液态发酵食醋的发酵过程中进行L.helveticus L-6与L.acetotolerans L-9复合强化,有助于优化食醋有机酸组成,提升食醋的风味品质,为食醋的酿造工艺优化和产品创新提供参考。

不同乳酸菌发酵蓝莓桑葚原浆营养品质及风味变化分析

为探究不同乳酸菌发酵对蓝莓桑葚原浆营养品质及风味的影响,本研究分别以保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌作为发酵剂,利用电子鼻和顶空微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法等方法分析乳酸菌发酵后蓝莓桑葚原浆中的功能营养成分和风味。结果表明,3个发酵组的营养品质和抗氧化能力差异显著,其中植物乳杆菌发酵组总酸含量最高(1.52 g·L^(-1))、总糖含量最低(789.59 mg·L^(-1))、总花色苷含量最高(6.04 g·L^(-1)),总抗氧化能力最强;电子鼻分析结果可有效区分3种菌种的发酵风味;气相色谱-质谱共检测出51种挥发性成分,包括醇类6种、酸类14种、醛类9种、酮类7种、酯类8种、其他物质7种,其中2-壬酮在植物乳杆菌发酵组中含量较高,赋予发酵汁果香以及花香。综合而言,植物乳杆菌发酵组在营养成分、气味及风味物质方面均有较大提升,更适用于蓝莓桑葚原浆的发酵,有助于开发出具有抗氧化作用的益生元蓝莓果浆。本研究可为蓝莓桑葚深加工提供一定的借鉴。

蒸煮对高粱米饭多酚与抗氧化能力的影响及风味改善的组学解析

为探究蒸煮对高粱营养组分、多酚含量、抗氧化能力及风味物的影响,采用超声辅助方法提取多酚并评价其抗氧化能力,进一步结合非靶向代谢和植物广靶多酚代谢组学分析高粱籽粒(SR)与高粱米饭(SRC)的代谢物差异。结果表明:与高粱籽粒相比,高粱米饭的蛋白质、总淀粉和脂肪含量均显著降低(P<0.05);其多酚含量、羟自由基清除能力、T-AOC和ABTS^(+)·清除能力分别显著下降35%、17%、12%和10%(P<0.05)。超高效液相色谱质谱联用仪(Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer,UPLC-MS)分析表明,在高粱籽粒和高粱米饭中共检测到代谢物341个,其中的差异代谢物为223个,高粱米饭中L-酪氨酸、L-异亮氨酸和愈创木酚等化合物可能与其风味的形成有关。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)代谢通路分析表明,高粱米饭中的上调化合物色胺可能与增香作用有关。通过植物广靶多酚代谢组分析,高粱米饭中鉴定出67种酚类化合物,其中槲皮素和儿茶素等11个化合物显著上调,7,4'-二羟基黄酮和2,5-二异丙基苯酚等21个化合物显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究可为后续高粱食品的功能性揭示与应用提供理论依据。

不同烹饪方式对鹿茸菇营养特性和非挥发性风味物质的影响

为探究不同烹饪方式下鹿茸菇营养特性及非挥发性风味物质的变化规律,本研究以新鲜鹿茸菇为原料,采用汽蒸、水煮、无油空气炸制、烘烤四种烹饪方式对鹿茸菇进行热处理,通过营养成分测定,离子色谱法、高效液色谱法以及电子舌技术对不同烹饪方式处理后的鹿茸菇中的多糖、总酚、蛋白质和总膳食营养物质以及可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和5′-核苷酸非挥发性风味物质含量以及等效鲜味浓度(equivalent umami concentration,EUC)进行分析,结果表明水煮显著降低了鹿茸菇多糖、总酚、蛋白质和总膳食纤维含量以及可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、5′-核苷酸风味物质含量,而烤箱烘烤对上述指标总体的保留或提升效果最好。汽蒸和无油空气炸制的处理效果介于水煮和烤箱烘烤之间,其中汽蒸能较好的保留鹿茸菇中的营养成分,与烤箱烘烤的样品风味相似。对电子舌数据进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)发现不同烹饪方式下鹿茸菇的滋味物质存在较大差异,汽蒸和烘烤两种烹饪方式下的样品点距离较近,处理后的鹿茸菇在滋味上差异较小。而对照、水煮和无油空气炸制三种烹饪方法下的样品点则分布在三个不同的象限,且相互之间的距离较远,表明这三种烹饪方式处理后的鹿茸菇在风味上存在较大的差异。本文通过研究本文通过研究对汽蒸、水煮、无油空气炸制和烘烤处理后的鹿茸菇中营养物质和非挥发性风味物质变化规律,发现四种烹饪方式中,烘烤处理的鹿茸菇对营养物质和非挥发性风味物质的保留效果最好,为更加科学合理的烹饪鹿茸菇以及其他食用菌提供了一定的理论依据。

鸡肉和黄豆混合发酵过程中蛋白质、氨基酸与风味变化规律

以纯黄豆发酵为对照,分析了鸡肉与黄豆混合发酵过程中蛋白质、氨基酸态氮、蛋白酶活力、游离氨基酸和挥发性风味物质的变化规律。结果表明,发酵过程中,样品的蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,氨基酸态氮、蛋白酶活力和游离氨基酸含量则呈上升趋势。不同发酵时期,鸡肉和黄豆混合发酵组中鲜味氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量均显著高于纯黄豆发酵(P<0.05),挥发性风味物质的积累也较纯黄豆发酵多。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)结合气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)进一步分析得出,3-甲硫基丙醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛和1-辛烯-3-醇是鸡肉与黄豆混合发酵过程中的关键差异挥发性风味物质。该研究结果为高品质豆基发酵调味品的开发和品质调控提供了理论参考。

不同栽培模式对韭菜采后贮藏品质及风味影响

为探究不同栽培模式(水培、土培和基质培)对韭菜采后贮藏品质及风味物质的影响,采用水培、土培和基质培3种栽培方式种植‘航研791’韭菜,采后放入20℃、相对湿度80%~85%的冷库中贮藏,测定其贮藏期间生理品质和风味物质的变化。结果表明:土培和基质培栽培方式能够较好地维持韭菜在贮藏期间的质量损失率和腐烂率,水培韭菜则质量损失率和腐烂率都较高,与水培相比,土培和基质培韭菜能够较好地维持VC和可溶性蛋白含量,具有较高的膳食纤维含量,土培还能促进纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和木质素含量的积累,基质培韭菜的木质素呈下降趋势,水培韭菜在贮藏过程中纤维素含量呈下降趋势,木质素含量则基本不变。韭菜的风味物质主要是醛类、醇类、酯类、醚类、杂环类化合物等,α-松油醇、丁酸异戊酯、水杨酸甲酯和苯乙醛等物质是3种韭菜贮藏前后的主要风味物质。土培韭菜能够在贮藏过程中更好地维持韭菜的品质和风味物质,耐贮性最强,其在贮藏过程中品质劣变以衰老为主,基质培次之,水培韭菜则耐贮性最差,品质劣变以软化腐烂为主。

杀菌条件对蓝点马鲛鱼脂质及风味品质的影响

为探究不同杀菌条件对蓝点马鲛鱼(Scomberomorus niphonius)品质的影响,本文研究了110℃、46.4 min(A组),115℃、14.7 min(B组)和121℃、3.7 min(C组)3种杀菌条件对鱼肉感官品质、脂质组成及风味的影响。结果显示,杀菌后蓝点马鲛鱼的质地、滋味和气味的感官评分变化明显。样品中的总脂、甘油三酯和磷脂含量在杀菌后均显著降低(P<0.05),游离脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05)。不同杀菌组间脂质组成存在差异,C组样品的脂质损失程度最高。脂质氧化程度受杀菌条件的影响显著(P<0.05),过氧化值(POV)含量均显著升高、硫代巴比妥酸反应值(TBARS)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。电子鼻分析结果表明,不同杀菌条件处理后鱼肉的气味特征明显不同。借助气相色谱-离子迁移谱从4组样品中鉴别出22种挥发性化合物,各组间的挥发性物质存在明显差异,其中,己醛、戊醛、异戊醛、3-戊酮、环己酮、3-羟基丁-2-酮和乙酸乙酯等是鱼肉中的主要风味物质,在B组样品中含量最高。综上,采用115℃、14.7 min(B组)杀菌的样品,其感官和风味品质明显优于其他组,且脂质氧化程度更低。研究结果可为蓝点马鲛鱼罐头产品加工提供参考。

唾液联合乳杆菌M18-6对发酵豆乳风味品质及其抗氧化活性的影响

本实验利用前期实验室筛选出能够稳定快速发酵大豆蛋白的体系和具有较强抗氧化能力的唾液联合乳杆菌M18-6发酵豆乳,并分析其对发酵豆乳风味品质和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着发酵时间的延长,大豆蛋白以及脂肪等物质逐渐分解,发酵豆乳的粒径呈下降趋势,使其质地趋于细腻、光滑。同时,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱技术和气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术相结合,对发酵前后豆乳的挥发性成分进行分析,发现主要产生豆腥味的己醛随着发酵时间的延长浓度逐渐降低,1-辛烯-3-醇的浓度也呈下降的趋势;双乙酰、乙偶姻、2-庚酮以及其他产生果香味等风味物质随着发酵时间的延长,其浓度逐渐增加,使豆乳呈现良好的风味。进一步利用丙烯酰胺诱导Caco-2细胞构建氧化损伤模型,探究唾液联合乳杆菌M18-6发酵豆乳的抗氧化性,结果显示发酵豆乳的羟自由基清除能力较强。与氧化损伤模型组相比,经过发酵豆乳处理后Caco-2细胞的过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力分别提高了1.67倍和29.80倍,谷胱甘肽浓度也提高了12.83倍,综上,经过唾液联合乳杆菌M18-6发酵的豆乳具有显著的修复氧化损伤细胞作用。