Efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biliary radiofrequency ablation in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage(PTCD)and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic nasobiliary drainage are the most common clinical procedures for jaundice control in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice,yet the safety and effect of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation(EB-RFA)combined PTCD is rarely reported,in this article,we report our experience of EB-RFA combined PTCD in such patients.AIM To retrospectively study the efficacy and safety of EB-RFA combined PTCD in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice.METHODS Patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice treated with EB-RFA under PTCD were selected,the bile ducts of the right posterior lobe was selected as the target bile ducts in all cases.The general conditions of all patients,preoperative tumour markers,total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),albumin(ALB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and glutamyl transferase(GGT)before and on the 7th day after the procedure,as well as perioperative complications,stent patency time and patient survival were recorded.RESULTS All patients successfully completed the operation,TBIL and DBIL decreased significantly in all patients at the 7th postoperative day(P=0.009 and 0.006,respectively);the values of ALB,ALP and GGT also decreased compared with the preoperative period,but the difference was not statistically significant.Perioperative biliary bleeding occurred in 2 patients,which was improved after transfusion of blood and other conservative treatments,pancreatitis appeared in 1 patient after the operation,no serious complication and death happened after operation.Except for 3 patients with loss of visits,the stent patency rate of the remaining 14 patients was 100%71%and 29%at the 1^(st),3^(rd),and 6^(th)postoperative months respectively,with a median survival of 4 months.CONCLUSION EB-RFA under PTCD in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice has a satisfactory therapeutic effect and high safety,which is worthy of further clinical practice.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage in the management of malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)is a condition characterized by varying degrees of bile duct stenosis and obstruction,accompanied by the progressive development of malignant tumors,leading to high morbidity and mortality rates.Currently,the two most commonly employed methods for its management are percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage(PTBD)and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD).While both methods have demonstrated favorable outcomes,additional research needs to be performed to determine their relative efficacy.To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of EUS-BD and PTBD in treating MOJ.METHODS This retrospective analysis,conducted between September 2015 and April 2023 at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou),involved 68 patients with MOJ.The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical procedure received:EUS-BD subgroup(n=33)and PTBD subgroup(n=35).Variables such as general data,preoperative and postoperative indices,blood routine,liver function indices,myocardial function indices,operative success rate,clinical effectiveness,and complication rate were analyzed and compared between the subgroups.RESULTS In the EUS-BD subgroup,hospital stay duration,bile drainage volume,effective catheter time,and clinical effect-iveness rate were superior to those in the PTBD subgroup,although the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The puncture time for the EUS-BD subgroup was shorter than that for the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).Postoperative blood routine,liver function index,and myocardial function index in the EUS-BD subgroup were significantly lower than those in the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).Additionally,the complication rate in the EUS-BD subgroup was lower than in the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).CONCLUSION EUS-BD may reduce the number of punctures,improve liver and myocardial functions,alleviate traumatic stress,and decrease complication rates in MOJ treatment.

Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on malignant obstructive jaundice:A meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) on obstructive jaundice resulting from malignant tumors. METHODS: According to the requirements of Cochrane systematic review, studies in the English language were retrieved from MEDLINE and Embase databases from 1995 to 2009 with the key word "preoperative biliary drainage". Two reviewers independently screened the eligible studies, evaluated their academic level and extracted the data from the eligible studies confirmed by cross-checking. Data about patients with and without PBD after resection of malignant tumors were processed for meta-analysis using the Stata 9.2 software, including postoperative mortality, incidence of postoperative pancreatic and bile leakage, abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying and incision infection.RESULTS: Fourteen retrospective cohort studies involving 1826 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice accorded with our inclusion criteria, and were included in meta-analysis. Their baseline characteristics were comparable in all the studies. No significant difference was found in combined risk ratio (RR) of postoperative mortality and incidence of pancreatic and bile leakage, abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying between patients with and without PBD. However, the combined RR for the incidence of postoperative incision infection was improved better in patients with PBD than in those without PBD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PBD cannot significantly reduce the post-operative mortality and complications of malignant obstructive jaundice, and therefore should not be used as a preoperative routine procedure for malignant obstructive jaundice.

Effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immune function of cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Most cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)have varying degrees of malnutrition and immunodeficiency preoperatively.Therefore,perioperative nutritional support has important clinical significance in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.AIM To investigate the effects of postoperative early enteral nutrition(EEN)on immunity function and clinical outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ.METHODS This prospective clinical study included 60 cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ who underwent surgery.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the nutrition support modes.The control group received postoperative total parenteral nutrition(TPN),whereas the experimental group received postoperative EEN and parenteral nutrition(PN;EEN+PN).The clinical outcomes,postoperative immune function,incidences of surgical site infection and bile leakage,intestinal function recovery time,average hospitalization days,and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were assessed on postoperative days(PODs)1,3,and 7.RESULTS The CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell count and the immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgM,and IgA levels in the EEN+PN group were significantly higher than those in the TPN group on PODs 3 and 7(P<0.05),whereas no significant differences in the CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell counts and IgG,IgM,and IgA levels before operation and on POD 1 were found between the two groups(P>0.05).The intestinal function recovery time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter(P<0.001 for both)in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group.The hospitalization expenses of the EEN+PN group were lower than those of the TPN group(P<0.001).However,the incidence of abdominal distension was higher than in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group(P<0.05).The incidence rates of biliary leakage and surgical site infection were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A postoperative EEN program could reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the clinical outcomes and immune functions of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ and is thus beneficial to patient recovery.

Biliary stent combined with iodine-125 seed strand implantation in malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Malignant obstructive jaundice is mainly caused by cholangiocarcinoma.Only a few patients are indicated for surgical resection,and the 3-year survival rate is<50%.For patients who are not eligible for surgery,biliary stent placement can relieve biliary obstruction and improve liver function and quality of life.However,restenosis after biliary stents has a poor prognosis and is a clinical challenge.Biliary stent combined with iodine-125(125I)seed implantation can prolong stent patency and improve survival.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand implantation in malignant obstructive jaundice.METHODS We enrolled 67 patients between January 2016 and June 2018 with malignant obstructive jaundice and randomized them into a biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand treatment(combined)group(n=32)and biliary stent(control)group(n=35).All patients underwent enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and were tested for biochemical and cancer markers.Twelve patients underwent pathological examination before surgery.All patients were followed up by telephone or clinical visit.Postoperative liver function improvement,postoperative complications,stent patency time,and survival time were compared between the two groups.Prognostic risk factors were evaluated.RESULTS Technical success was achieved in all patients in both groups.Postoperative liver function improved significantly in all patients(total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in all patients,the P values were less than 0.05).There was no significant difference in preoperative or postoperative indexes between the two groups for changes in total bilirubin(P=0.147),direct bilirubin(P=0.448),alanine aminotransferase(P=0.120),and aspartate aminotransferase(P=0.387)between the two groups.The median stent patency time of the combined group was 9.0±1.4 mo[95%confidence interval(CI):6.3-11.8 mo],which was significantly longer than the that of the control group(6.0±0.3 mo,95%CI:5.5-6.5 mo,P=0.000).The median survival time of the combined group was 11.0±1.4 mo(95%CI:8.2-13.7 mo),which was significantly longer than that of the control group(7.0±0.3 mo,95%CI:6.4-7.6 mo,P=0.000).Location of obstruction and number of stents were independent risk factors affecting prognosis.CONCLUSION Biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand implantation is safe and effective in malignant obstructive jaundice and improves stent patency time and median survival time.

Surgical mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice: a multivariate discriminant analysis

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the operative mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Twelve risk factors were analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis in 90 patients who had been operated on. RESULTS: Operative mortality was significantly related to the following factors: age, duration of jaundice, packed RBC volume, white blood cell count and concentration of blood urine nitrogen; it was not significantly related to diseases and types of operation. The following formula was obtained: packed RBC volume×0.09954-age×0. 04018-blood urine nitrogen×0. 23693-duration of jaundice× 2. 07388-WBC count×0. 21118+5. 26593. With this formula, an operative mortality of 77. 8% was predicted. CONCLUSION: With a positive value from the formula, the patient should be operated on; otherwise non-operative treatment is advocated.

Percutaneous biliary stent combined with brachytherapy using 125I seeds for treatment of unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)is a common pathologic manifestation of malignant biliary obstruction.Recently,several clinical trials have explored the clinical effectiveness of intraluminal^(125)I seed-based brachytherapy for MOJ patients,and various outcomes have been reported.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous biliary stents with^(125)I seeds compared to conventional metal stents in patients with unresectable MOJ.METHODS A systematic search of English-language databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science)was performed to identify studies published prior to June 2020 that compared stents with or without^(125)I seeds in the treatment of unresectable MOJ.The outcomes analyzed included primary outcomes(stent patency and overall survival)and secondary outcomes(complications and liver function parameters).RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials and four retrospective studies involving 875 patients were eligible for the analysis.Of the 875 included patients,404 were treated with^(125)I seed stents,while 471 were treated with conventional stents.Unadjusted pooled analysis demonstrated that compared to conventional stents,^(125)I seed stents extended the stent patency time[hazard ratio(HR)=0.36,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.28-0.45,P<0.0001]and overall survival period(HR=0.52,95%CI=0.42–0.64,P<0.00001).Subgroup analyses based on the type of^(125)I seed stent and type of study design showed consistent results.However,there were no significant differences in the occurrence of total complications[odds ratio(OR)=1.12,95%CI=0.75-1.67,P=0.57],hemobilia(OR=1.02,95%CI=0.45-2.3,P=0.96),pancreatitis(OR=1.79,95%CI=0.42-7.53,P=0.43),cholangitis(OR=1.13,95%CI=0.60-2.13,P=0.71),or pain(OR=0.67,95%CI=0.22-2,P=0.47).In addition,there were no reductions in the levels of serum indices,including total bilirubin[mean difference(MD)=10.96,95%CI=-3.56-25.49,P=0.14],direct bilirubin(MD=7.37,95%CI=-9.76-24.5,P=0.4),alanine aminotransferase(MD=7.52,95%CI=-0.71-15.74,P=0.07),and aspartate aminotransferase(MD=-4.77,95%CI=-19.98-10.44,P=0.54),after treatment.Publication bias was detected regarding the outcome overall survival;however,the conclusions were not changed after the adjustment.CONCLUSION Placement of stents combined with brachytherapy using^(125)I seeds contributes to a longer stent patency and higher overall survival than placement of conventional stents without extra complications or severe liver damage.Thus,it can be considered an effective and safe treatment for unresectable MOJ.

Obstructive jaundice caused by secondary pancreatic tumor from malignant solitary fibrous tumor of pleura:A case report

A 77-year-old man on systemic chemotherapy against postoperative bilateral multiple lung metastases of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura suffered from pruritus and jaundice. Blood examination showed elevated levels of hepatobiliary enzymes. Abdominal computed tomography showed a tumor with peripheral enhancement in the pancreatic head, accompanied with the dilatation of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. He was diagnosed as having obstructive jaundice caused by a pancreatic head tumor. The pancreatic head tumor was presumably diagnosed as the metastasis of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura, because the findings on the pancreatic head tumor on abdominal CT were similar to those on the primary lung lesion of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. The pancreatic tumor grew rapidly after the implantation of metallic stent in the inferior part of the common bile duct. The patient died of lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lungs. Autopsy revealed a tumor that spread from the pancreatic head to the hepatic hilum. Microscopically, spindle-shaped cells exhibiting nuclear atypicality or division together with collagen deposition were observed. Immunohistochemically the pancreatic head tumor cells were negative for staining of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） or CD117, but positive for vimentin, CD34 and CD99. These findings are consistent with those on malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. We report the first case of obstructive jaundice caused by a secondary pancreatic tumor from malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage with a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Malignant Obstructive Jaundice

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails. Methods: From January 2016 January 2018, all patients with malignant obstructive jaundice during hospitalization underwent EUS-guided biliary drainage with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent, and the operation success rate, the clinical success rate, complications, length of hospital stay and survival time were observed. Results: Of 36 patients, 34 cases had successful operation;the operation success rate was 94.44% (34/36). The clinical success rate was 88.89% (32/36). Hemobilia occurred in 1, acute cholangitis in 1, and bile peritonitis in 1;improved after conservative treatment, the complication rate is 8.33% (3/36). Hospital stay and survival time was 21.54 ± 4.73 days and 220.54 ± 54.76 days, respectively. Conclusion: EUS-BD with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent may be a feasible and effective treatment option in patients with malignant biliary obstruction when ERCP fails.

Effectiveness of a new approach to minimally invasive surgery in palliative treatment of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction

BACKGROUND Palliative endoscopic biliary drainage is the primary treatment option for the management of patients with jaundice which results from distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).In this group of patients,decompression of the bile duct(BD)allows for pain reduction,symptom relief,chemotherapy administration,improved quality of life,and increased survival rate.To reduce the unfavorable effects of BD decompression,minimally invasive surgical techniques require continuous improvement.AIM To develop a technique for internal-external biliary-jejunal drainage(IEBJD)and assess its effectiveness in comparison to other minimally invasive procedures in the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed,which included 134 patients with DMBO who underwent palliative BD decompression.Biliary-jejunal drainage was developed to divert bile from the BD directly into the initial loops of the small intestine to prevent duodeno-biliary reflux.IEBJD was carried out using percutaneous transhepatic access.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD),endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting(ERBS),and internal-external transpapillary biliary drainage (IETBD) were used for the treatment of studypatients. Endpoints of the study were the clinical success of the procedure, the frequency andnature of complications, and the cumulative survival rate.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the frequency of minor complications between the studygroups. Significant complications occurred in 5 (17.2%) patients in the IEBJD group, in 16 (64.0%)in the ERBS group, in 9 (47.4%) in the IETBD group, and in 12 (17.4%) in the PTBD group.Cholangitis was the most common severe complication. In the IEBJD group, the course ofcholangitis was characterized by a delayed onset and shorter duration as compared to other studygroups. The cumulative survival rate of patients who underwent IEBJD was 2.6 times higher incomparison to those of the PTBD and IETBD groups and 20% higher in comparison to that of theERBS group.CONCLUSIONIEBJD has advantages over other minimally invasive BD decompression techniques and can berecommended for the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.

Endoscopic stenting for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To analyze through meta-analyses the benefits of two types of stents in the inoperable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials(RCT) was conducted, with the last update on March 2015, using EMBASE, CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE, LILACS/CENTRAL(BVS), SCOPUS, CAPES(Brazil), and gray literature. Information of the selected studies was extracted in sight of six outcomes: primarily regarding dysfunction, complication and reintervention rates; and secondarily costs, survival, and patency time. The data about characteristics of trial participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria and types of stents were also extracted. The bias was mainly assessed through the JADAD scale. This meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database by the number CRD42014015078. The analysis of the absolute risk of the outcomes was performed using the software Rev Man, by computing risk differences(RD) of dichotomous variables and mean differences(MD) of continuous variables. Data on RD and MD for each primary outcome were calculated using the MantelHaenszel test and inconsistency was qualified and reported in χ2 and the Higgins method(I2). Sensitivity analysis was performed when heterogeneity was higher than 50%, a subsequent assay was done and other findings were compiled. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of weighted arithmetic means regarding secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Initial searching identified 3660 studies; 3539 were excluded through title, repetition, and/or abstract, while 121 studies were fully assessed and were excluded mainly because they did not compare self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) and plastic stents(PS), leading to thirteen RCT selected, with 13 articles and 1133 subjects meta-analyzed. The mean age was 69.5 years old, that were affected mostly by bile duct(proximal) and pancreatic tumors(distal). The preferred SEMS diameter used was the 10 mm(30 Fr) and the preferred PS diameter used was 10 Fr. In the metaanalysis, SEMS had lower overall stent dysfunction compared to PS(21.6% vs 46.8%, P < 0.00001) and fewer re-interventions(21.6% vs 56.6%, P < 0.00001), with no difference in complications(13.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.16). In the secondary analysis, the mean survival rate was higher in the SEMS group(182 d vs 150 d, P < 0.0001), with a higher patency period(250 d vs 124 d, P < 0.0001) and a lower cost per patient(4193.98 vs 4728.65 Euros, P < 0.0985).CONCLUSION: SEMS are associated with lower stent dysfunction, lower re-intervention rates, better survival, and higher patency time. Complications and costs showed no difference.

Cholangioscopy-assisted guidewire placement in a malignant biliary stricture: A case report

BACKGROUND Cholangioscopy has been described in case reports and series to facilitate guidewire placement in difficult benign biliary strictures.Specifically,it has been infrequently used in difficult benign anastomotic liver transplant biliary strictures to visualize the stricture orifice for guidewire placement.Here we describe a case of guidewire placement through a difficult malignant biliary stricture using single operator cholangioscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old female presented with jaundice and weight loss.Endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)by other endoscopists demonstrated pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a dilated cystic duct(CD)and proximal common bile duct(CBD).The associated distal CBD stricture was dilated and stented with a plastic stent.However she subsequently developed cholangitis,prompting referral for a repeat ERCP.The stent was found to have migrated distally to the confluence of the dilated CD and CBD stricture.Despite using multiple hydrophilic guidewires,the stricture could not be traversed due to preferential wire passage into the dilated CD.SpyGlass DS(Boston Scientific Corp,Marlborough,MA,United States)was then used to visualize the orifices of the CD and CBD stenosis,enabling the guidewire to be placed directly through the stricture into the proximal CBD.A WallFlex covered metal stent(Boston Scientific Corp,Marlborough,MA,United States)was successfully placed,resulting in resolution of her cholangitis.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is one of the first cases to describe successful cholangioscopic guidewire placement for malignant biliary strictures.

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影胆管支架置入术对老年恶性梗阻性黄疸患者免疫炎性反应及肝功能的影响

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)胆管支架置入术治疗老年恶心梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者临床疗效及可能作用机制。方法收集2020年7月至2022年6月在我院接受胆管支架置入术治疗的老年MOJ患者102例临床资料,根据胆管支架置入方式分为ERCP组(54例)与PTCD组(48例),比较两组手术成功率与临床疗效、细胞免疫功能、炎性因子、肝功能、不良反应等指标。结果ERCP组低位梗阻患者手术成功率、临床疗效高于PTCD组(χ^(2)=4.193,4.877,P<0.05);CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于PTCD组,CD8^(+)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);导管堵塞等并发症7.41%低于PTCD组22.92%(χ^(2)=4.873,P<0.05)。结论ERCP胆管支架置入能够提高手术治疗效果,减少并发症的发生,可能与调节细胞免疫功能、抑制炎症反应、改善肝功能等因素有关。

胆道支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年1月在江苏省肿瘤医院接受胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗的52例MOJ患者临床资料。记录手术前后淋巴免疫细胞数差值(ΔX)。采用X-tile软件计算ΔX最优截断值,并将其分为两组。采用单因素和多因素分析确定影响患者总生存期(OS)的危险因素。结果 52例患者生存时间为(201.0±32.1) d。单因素分析结果显示,术后TACE治疗、术前ALT、术前AST、Δ淋巴细胞、ΔCD3+T细胞、ΔCD8+T细胞、Δ自然杀伤细胞(NK)、Δ调节性T细胞(Treg)与OS显著相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,Δ淋巴细胞(P=0.007)、ΔTreg(P=0.038)是OS独立危险因素。结论 MOJ患者Δ淋巴细胞≥0.237或ΔTreg≥0.21接受胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗,可能获得更长OS。

PTBD联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者疗效研究

目的观察采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTBD)联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的疗效。方法2019年9月~2022年9月我院诊治的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者100例(其中胆管细胞癌42例、胰头癌35例、胆囊癌23例),被随机分为对照组50例和观察组50例,分别采用单纯的PTBD治疗或在PTBD治疗的基础上,联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗。使用PUZS-600A型全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标。结果在治疗2周后,观察组体质指数、血钠、血钾和血清白蛋白水平分别为(20.3±2.2)kg/m^(2)、(144.8±14.6)mmol/L、(4.6±0.5)mmol/L和(35.2±4.2)g/L,显著高于对照组[分别为(16.9±1.8)kg/m^(2)、(138.2±10.7)mmol/L、(4.3±0.4)mmol/L和(30.1±4.9)g/L,P<0.05];观察组血清TBIL、AST、ALT和GGT水平分别为(142.5±34.5)μmol/L、(42.7±18.6)U/L、(45.9±12.9)U/L和(215.2±74.3)U/L,显著低于对照组[分别为(172.3±36.8)μmol/L、(58.4±14.4)U/L、(62.35±17.8)U/L和(271.9±62.1)U/L,P<0.05];术后,观察组出现5例胆汁外渗、8例置管部位疼痛、1例腹泻、1例胆汁性腹膜炎,对照组出现6例胆汁外渗、11例置管部位疼痛、3例胆汁性腹膜炎,两组并发症发生率无显著性统计学差异(30.0%对40.0%,P>0.05)。结论采用PTBD联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者有利于短期改善营养状况和肝功能指标,作为姑息治疗,值得临床应用。

基于倾向评分匹配的ERCP与PTCD治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效比较

目的采用基于倾向评分匹配法(PSM)来比较经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)和经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法回顾性分析了苏州大学附属第一医院消化内科和介入科2019年1月至2023年12月期间确诊为恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者的临床资料。根据不同手术方式将228例患者分成ERCP组(n=104)和PTCD组(n=168),将患者性别、年龄、BMI、病因、梗阻部位、梗阻时间、合并疾病、总胆红素、直接胆红素、血清Na^(+)、血清K^(+)、白细胞、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶14个因素作为匹配的协同变量,按照1:1的最邻近匹配法进行PSM,比较两组患者手术情况、术后情况、术后2周生化指标变化情况以及术后并发症发生情况。结果(1)本研究纳入272例患者中ERCP组104例、PTCD组168例,两组患者间的病因、梗阻部位、合并疾病、血清K^(+)以谷丙转氨酶等资料比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);将两组样本经PSM处理后,每组剩余82例研究对象匹配成功,两组的各项资料比较均无显著统计学差异性(P均>0.05)。(2)两组患者的手术成功率比较无显著统计学差异性(P均>0.05),ERCP组的手术时间和术中出血量均低于PTCD组(P均<0.05);但是经PSM匹配后两组的手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异均无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)两组患者术后第1、3、7天的VAS评分、术后总有效率以及住院费用比较,差异均无显著统计学意义(P均>0.05),但ERCP组的术后住院时间低于PTCD组,比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);但经PSM匹配后ERCP组术后第1天、第2天的VAS评分以及术后住院时间均低于PTCD组,比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(4)两组患者术后2周的总胆红素、血清K^(+)、谷丙转氨酶比较,差异均有显著统计学意义(P均<0.05)经PSM匹配后两组的血清术K^(+)和谷丙转氨酶比较仍有显著统计学差异性(P<0.05);但两组的总胆红素比较,差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。(5)两组患者的各项术后并发症比较均无显著统计学差异性(P均>0.05);经PSM匹配后两组之间的急性胰腺炎、穿刺道出血、导管引流不畅发生率比较,差异均有显著统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论对于恶性梗阻性黄疸患者而言选用ERCP与PTCD技术均有效,ERCP术后患者的肝功能恢复更快、住院时间较短,同时出血及导管不畅等并发症更少,但是继发急性胰腺炎的概率也更大,两种术式各有各的优势及不足。

恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD带管病人出院经历的质性研究

目的:基于“以家庭为中心”的理论,探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)带管病人出院经历的体验,为制定相应的护理支持方案提供依据。方法:采用现象学研究方法,选取2022年6月—12月在武汉市某三级甲等综合医院胆胰外科住院的13例携带PTCD引流管出院的病人,对其进行半结构访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析、归纳及提炼主题。结果:遵循“以家庭为中心”的理论,提炼出恶性梗阻性黄疸病人出院准备期、出院接受期、出院后期带管出院体验的3个主题。结论:恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD带管病人出院照护体验动态变化,医护人员应有针对性地给予心理支持,强调家庭的参与感,增强家庭照护的延续性。

恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后出院准备度现状及其影响因素

目的分析恶性梗阻性黄疸患者实施经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后出院准备度情况,探究此类患者出院准备度的影响因素。方法选择2020年9月—2023年4月于天津市人民医院消化内科接受经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术的80例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,选择院内系统对入组患者的性别、年龄等资料进行统计,并使用出院准备度量表评估患者出院准备度,应用出院指导质量量表评估患者出院指导质量,选择Pearson相关性分析的措施对影响患者出院准备度和出院指导质量的关联进行分析,并分析患者出院准备度影响因素。结果合并慢性疾病以及居住方式方面,不同亚组患者间出院准备度得分比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示出院准备度量表各维度得分与出院指导质量得分呈正相关(均P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,居住方式得分为出院准备度量表得分的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术恶性梗阻性黄疸患者出院准备度得分较低,通过改变患者居住方式、提高患者出院指导质量,将有助于提高患者出院准备度。

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: The road is open for almighty biliopancreatic endoscopists!

Commentary on the article written and published by Peng et al,investigating the role of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided biliary drainage for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography(ERCP).For 40 years endoscopic biliary drainage was synonymous with ERCP,and EUS was used mainly for diagnostic purposes.The advent of therapeutic EUS has revolutionized the field,especially with the development of a novel device such as electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents.Complete biliopancreatic endoscopists with both skills in ERCP and in interven-tional EUS,would be ideally suited to ensure patients the best drainage technique according to each individual situation.

肝门部恶性梗阻性黄疸应用多支架联合^(125)I放射性粒子腔内照射治疗的效果观察

目的 分析肝门部恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)应用多支架联合^(125)I放射性粒子腔内照射治疗的临床效果。方法 30例肝门部MOJ患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受多支架联合^(125)I放射性粒子腔内照射治疗。分析患者手术一般情况、术中并发症发生率;对比患者手术前后总胆红素水平、恶性梗阻性黄疸患者特异性条目池(QLQ-MOJ11)评分及术后不同时间总胆红素缓解率、黄疸缓解率、生存率、胆道再次梗阻发生率。结果 30例患者均一次性顺利置入支架,共置入支架55枚,术后影像学检查明确胆道狭窄处得以改善,术后患者黄疸逐渐消退,肝功能逐渐好转。患者术后1、3个月总胆红素水平分别为(39.35±13.96)、(21.30±10.63)μmol/L,均显著低于术前的(144.62±63.73)μmol/L(P<0.05);患者术后3个月总胆红素水平显著低于术后1个月(P<0.05)。患者术后3个月总胆红素、黄疸缓解率分别为100.00%、100.00%,高于术后1个月的76.67%、73.33%(P<0.05)。30例患者均未出现大出血、休克、心脏血管意外等并发症。患者术后6、12、16个月生存率及胆道再次梗阻发生率对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术后3个月黄疸、瘙痒、消瘦、消化异常的QLQ-MOJ11评分分别为(26.35±3.85)、(27.42±5.63)、(43.67±6.93)、(22.63±3.27)分,均低于术前的(35.32±4.23)、(36.18±6.72)、(53.93±6.67)、(30.41±5.71)分(P<0.05)。结论 多支架联合^(125)I放射性粒子腔内照射治疗肝门部MOJ能显著提升其临床效果,改善总胆红素水平,降低胆道再梗阻率,提升患者生活质量,其安全性也较高,具有较高的应用价值。