Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in Wa, Ghana

Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables which were used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from owners, consultants and builders in Wa Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” was the first delay factor followed by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least was “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as well as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.

Comfortable Housing Projects for Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen from the Perspective of Poverty Alleviation

Through questionnaire survey and field interview of farmers and herdsmen,this paper studied the comfortable housing projects implemented since 2006 in Namling County of Shigatse City.Taking the comfortable housing projects in Namling County as an example,this paper elaborated the relationship between the poverty alleviation and the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen and discussed the necessities for implementing comfortable housing projects in the context of the poverty alleviation.There are some problems at the same time of social,economic and ecological benefits of implementing the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen.Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for strengthening and improving the construction of comfortable housing projects in Namling County.

Application of Containers to Low-Income Housing in Context of New Urbanization

This paper explores how to use container buildings to resolve the housing problem of migrant workers in the context of urbanization, and ascertains the characteristics of the container housing and public space through the analysis of excellent examples of the container recycling project at home and abroad. In terms of the material, economic benefits, environmental protection and industrialization, those characteristics are summarized as follows.(1) Being sturdy, corrosion-resisting, waterproof and insulated, building materials are able to resist bad weather.(2) Their economic results lie in the short constructive cycle so that the cost of reinforced concrete per unit area reduces 20% on year-on-year basis.(3) Their environmental protection rests with the recyclability of materials, less construction waste and less noise in the construction process.(4) Their industrialization is embedded in their modular design and standardized specifications as well as the flexibility and replaceability.

The Influence of Displacement to the Success of Sustainable Multi-Storey Housing Development for Low-Income Society in Urban Area： Case Study- Multi-Storey Housing in Jakarta

Multi-storey housing for low income society is a concept of redevelopment from many alternatives of housing development for slum in Jakarta. However, redevelopment directly or indirectly leads to displacement of low-income residents. The new residents would be of a higher socio-economic status than the previous occupants. For controlling this phenomenon, a study about the influence of displacement to the successful of sustainable multi-storey housing development for low-income society has been done with descriptive method, observation and literature study. The result of this study give knowledge that displacement always happened when the quality of building and environment is increase, the location of multi-storey housing is near city center and commercial area. Low income society voluntary displaced their units to middle or high income society, because they are not affordable for paying operational and maintenance costs. The government has to make regulations for controlling displacement on multi-storey housing for low-income society and for the successful of sustainable multi-storey housing development in urban area.

A Consideration of Issues in the Government＇s Public Housing Projects in Post-War Iraq

Post-war Iraq is a mix of potential opportunities, promising intentions, and difficult challenges. After 2003, the government adopted a program to manage the housing crisis and satisfy housing needs. Through a fieldwork survey, we aimed to present this program by reviewing the government targets, main housing problems, governmental legislations, and construction process. We found that the government abandoned its centralized role in its National Housing Project as it opened the door of Iraqi housing market to foreign and local investors. We also found that, considering the enormous need for housing the occupancy rate of the governmental housing units are so low and construction is also generally slow. We deduced that the pricing model of the government＇s national housing project is far from our general notion of public housing for low-income post-war people. Moreover, it is necessary for the government to formulate a clearer strategic vision and to adopt more innovative approaches to address effectively and rapidly the trade-offs of the short and long terms objectives of the reconstruction process in post-war Iraq.

Evaluation of Large-Scale Housing Projects in Terms of Their Compatibility to Criteria of Environmental Design

The design and execution of large-scale housing projects always have negative environmental impacts in terms of excessive consumption of non-renewable energy resources and environmental pollution. These negative impacts are multiplied in the case of large-scale housing projects where a large number of standardized units are implemented in a repeated manner. This proposed paper will study and evaluate the environmental impacts of large-scale housing projects according to criteria of environmental design. The case study project is Haram City that is a housing project for small low-income families. The project consists of 50,000 housing units and is located in 6th of October City, which has a hot dry desert climate that necessitates special design considerations and applications of environmental design concepts. The project will be analyzed and evaluated in terms of site layout, design of buildings, orientation, materials used, construction techniques, thermal behavior, landscaping, etc.

THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF GREEN LOW-INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING

There is little empirical evidence in the literature about the indoor environmental quality performance of residential buildings in general and of social housing in particular. To address this problem, this study used a mixed-method approach to evaluate the indoor environmental quality performance of 17 green low-income single attached family houses in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. Questionnaires were administered to occupants to assess their snapshot and long-term satisfaction with the indoor environment. In addition, snapshot measurements were carried out to evaluate the indoor environmental quality factors of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. Occupants’ snapshot satisfaction was categorized into two groups (i.e. satisfied/comfortable or dissatisfied/uncomfortable) and compared with snapshot measurements. The results showed the measured IEQ parameters were well below recommended threshold levels. Further, occupants with higher snapshot satisfaction were generally exposed to relatively lower levels of indoor pollutants. A statistically significant difference was found in PM10 level only between the snapshot satisfied and snapshot dissatisfied groups of occupants. Apparent sound transmission classes were below the standard reference value of 50, suggesting potential problems in noise attenuation within different spaces in each apartment and between apartments. The findings of this study could help governments implement green shadowing for public-housing and also renovate existing houses using the same principles.

3D PRINTING FOR SUSTAINABLE LOW-INCOME HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE FOR THE URBAN POOR

This paper presents the findings of an assessment of the possible measures needed for the adoption of three-dimensional(3D)printing for sustainable low-income houses that can be beneficial to the urban poor.The study adopted a quantitative approach and answers were sought from construction professionals actively involved in a construction project in the country.The study revealed through factor analy-sis that 3D printing for sustainable low-income housing delivery in South Africa could be encouraged through effective promotion and training,government support,improvement of 3D printing technology,and affordability of the technology.The study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge as it reveals the possible measures for improving the adoption of 3D printing in housing delivery in South Africa—an aspect that has not gained significant attention in the fourth industrial revolution and housing delivery discourse in the country.

Housing Project——New Spotlight of China's Real Estate Industry

Real estate has been one of the fastest growing sectors in China since its opening to the outside world. The sustained, steady growth of the national economy has provided favourable conditions for the rapid growth of the real estate industry, and the higher profits anticipated have attracted a large volume of overseas capital into the industry. Various real estate companies have flourished, and a number of luxury hotels, villas and holiday

Static and Dynamic Damage Analysis of Mass Concrete in Hydropower House of Three Gorges Project

This paper establishes a 3D numerical model for 15# hydropower house of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and performs a nonlinear static and dynamic damage analysis. In this numerical model, a coupling model of finite and infinite elements for simulating infinite foundation of hydropower station is adopted. A plastic-damage model based on continuum damage mechanics, which includes the softening and damage behavior under tension is considered for the concrete material. The dynamic equilibrium equations of moti...

Report of Informal Housing Policy in India

Informal housing can be broadly defined into two types:first,those in which occupants illegally occupy a certain area of a residential location and build a dwelling on the land;second,housing or residential areas which do not meet the master plan or building regulations.This report describes and evaluates the infomal housing policies in India,introducing the improvement of the living standards brought on by these policies to the low-income residents of Chennai,while the case of Kannagi Nagar will be used to analyse the adverse effects of said policies.

Construction Cost Control Strategy of Finished House Based on BIM-5D

Building Information Modeling(BIM)technology can not only achieve project refinement management of the construction process based on a 3D model but also form a BIM-5D model based on the fusion of progress data and cost data to achieve the dynamic control of the whole process of project cost.This paper discusses the application of BIM-5D in the cost control of finished house construction,aiming to provide technical reference for China’s finished house project units,so that they can master how to realize the construction of cost control system based on BIM,the monitoring of the key coefficients of the cost,corrective action,to ensure that the project cost deviation is within the controllable range,and to make an effective guarantee for the economic benefits of the project construction.

Developing occupant archetypes within urban low-income housing: A case study in Mumbai, India

Rapid urbanization pressure and poverty have created a push for affordable housing within the global south.The design of affordable housing can have consequences on the thermal(dis)comfort and behaviour of the occupants,hence requiring an occupant-centric approach to ensure sustainability.This paper investigates occupant behaviour within the urban poor households of Mumbai,India and its impact on their thermal comfort and energy use.This study is a first-of-its-kind attempt to explore the socio-demographic characteristics and energy-related behaviour of low-income occupants within Indian context.Three occupant archetypes,Indifferent Consumers;Considerate Savers;and Conscious Conventionals,were identified from the behavioural and psychographic characteristics gathered through a transverse field survey.A two-step clustering approach was adopted for occupant segmentation that highlighted considerable diversity in occupants’adaptation measures,energy knowledge,energy habits,and their pro-environmental behaviour within similar socio-economic group.Building energy simulation of the representative archetype behaviour estimated up to 37%variations for air-conditioned and up to 8%variation for fan-assisted naturally ventilated housing units during peak summer months.The results from this study establish the significance of occupant factors in shaping energy demand and thermal comfort within low-income housing and pave way for developing occupant-centric building design strategies to serve this marginalized population.The developed low-income occupant archetypes would be useful for architects and energy modelers to generate realistic energy use profiles and improve building performance simulation results.

An Inquiry into Success Factors for Post-disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects: A Case of Kerala, South India

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered significant destruction to housing and related infrastructures across various coastal districts of south India.Research shows that tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala experienced different degrees of success and failure.On this background,this study explored factors that contributed to the successful implementation of tsunami housing projects in Kerala by(1)consolidating various critical success factors(CSFs)for post-disaster reconstruction(PDR)projects under‘‘project management success traits’’through content analysis of existing literature;(2)deriving a conceptual model that envisages project success in PDR contexts;and(3)assessing the impacts of those success traits on tsunami housing projects using confirmatory factor analysis.Necessary data were gathered through a survey of various stakeholders involved in tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala using structured questionnaires.The research revealed that PDR project success is attributed to critical dimensions of project management such as institutional mechanisms,reconstruction strategies,project implementation,and stakeholder management.A conceptual model with the interplay of project success,success traits,as well as their CSFs identified the project management actions that must be monitored during reconstruction.Since the project management approach is widely recognized for PDR projects,these success traits hold huge potential for effective organization and management of housing reconstruction projects.The study also helped to identify project management traits that need improvements for the successful implementation of post-disaster housing projects in Kerala.Thus the research findings can serve as a foundational study for formulating project management strategies appropriate to PDR projects in Kerala.

Evaluation of thermal comfort and air quality of low-income housing in Kampala City,Uganda

This paper presents the results of thermal comfort and air quality studies in naturally ventilated residential buildings in Kampala City,Uganda.Questionnaire surveys were used for obtaining occupant subjective thermal sensation votes.Indoor and outdoor measurements for air temperature(T_(a)),Mean Radiant Temperature(MRT),relative humidity,air speed,and air quality were done for seven buildings over fifteen days during the month of June 2019.DesignBuilder software was used to develop the reference building model and to simulate strategies for improvement of thermal comfort.Survey results showed that 67.8%of the respondents were comfortable with the indoor thermal environment.The indoor air temperature range was 22.7℃-27.9℃ which lies within the 80%acceptable limits set by ASHRAE 55.The measured indoor MRT range was 24.24℃-25.57℃.Measured levels of indoor PM_(2.5)were double the World Health Organization recommended limits,while the levels of PM 10 were thrice the recommended limits of ASHRAE 62.1.The CO_(2)concentrations were within the limits set by ASHRAE 62.1.The developed model predicted comfortable indoor conditions with a temperature range of 23.6℃-25.3℃ based on the 80%acceptable limits set by ASHRAE 55.The results show that majority of occupants preferred cooler temperatures during the day which is justified by the use of adaptive measures to obtain thermal comfort.

建设项目全生命周期评价方法体系——以公共租赁住房项目为例

项目全生命周期评价包含项目事前评估、事中监测和后评价的流程和内容。通过调查研究和经验总结,总结项目事前评估、事中监测与评价、后评价目前在国内应用中分别存在的主要问题,建立项目全生命周期评价方法体系。以公共租赁住房项目为例,采用逻辑框架法、项目绩效评价、综合指标体系评价法等一级评价方法对公共租赁住房项目开展全生命周期评价,可为各行业的政府投资项目建立全生命周期评价方法和指标体系提供参考。

房建工程中建筑屋面防水技术的研究与应用

针对房建工程中的防水处理问题,论文以某房建工程为例,分析了房建工程施工现状,采用建筑屋面防水技术重建防水层,并进行了10d蓄水测试,通过连续监测数据证实了防水施工的有效性,确保了工程的高标准防水要求得到满足。

房建施工中混凝土结构防渗漏工艺的要点分析

由于设计选材、施工技术等问题,房建工程混凝土结构防渗漏效果存在一定差异,论文主要从材料、温度、水化热、结构设计、外加剂等方面分析了房建施工中混凝土结构渗漏的原因,总结了混凝土结构防渗漏工艺要点,并探索了混凝土结构裂缝处理方案。

Factors Influencing Post-disaster Reconstruction Project Management for Housing Provision in the Gaza Strip, Occupied Palestinian Territories

In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.

BIM技术在房屋建筑工程中的地基技术实践

现代房屋建筑具有施工面积大、楼层高等特征,而建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术作为目前最先进的信息技术,与房屋建筑工程项目相互结合,能促进基础施工技术向标准化方向推进。基于此,全面分析BIM技术在房屋建筑工程地基建设方面的应用价值,以全面提高地基建设的效率。