Genetic identification and reiterated captures suggest that the Astyanax mexicanus El Pachón cavefish population is closed and declining

The sizes of Astyanax mexicanus blind cavefish populations of North-East Mexico are demographic parameters of great importance for investigating a variety of ecological,evolutionary,and conservation issues.However,few estimates have been obtained.For these mobile animals living in an environment difficult to explore as a whole,methods based on capture-mark-recapture are appropriate,but their feasibility and interpretation of results depend on several assumptions that must be carefully examined.Here,we provide evidence that minimally invasive genetic identification from captures at different time intervals(three days and three years)can give insights into cavefish population size dynamics as well as other important demographic parameters of interest.We also provide tools to calibrate sampling and genotyping efforts necessary to reach a given level of precision.Our results suggest that the El Pachón cave population is currently very small,of an order of magnitude of a few hundreds of individuals,and is distributed in a relatively isolated area.The probable decline in population size in the El Pachón cave since the last census in 1971 raises serious conservation issues.

Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Strains Responsible of Bovine Tuberculosis Cases in Bobo-Dioulasso Slaughterhouse, Burkina Faso

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.

Biochemical genetic structure and identification of hairtail fish（Trichiurus） populations in Chinese coastal waters

A total of 472 isozyme samples and about 1 000 myogen, esterase and morphyological samples of nine spawning stocks were collected from coastal waters of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sbandong Provinces of China during 1976￣1992. Eleven isozymes were analysed by starch-gel and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Biochemical genetic structures of 11 isozymes were analysed and 24 loci were recorded. According to the allele frequencies of individual isozymes of each sampling stock, the mean proportion of polymorphic (P) and average heterozygosity (H) were calculated; then the genetic similarity (I) and genetic distance (D) were obtained. The results of cluster for O and D of all the samplied stocks show that the hairtail fish from Chemise coastal waters should be classified into three different sped6s (D: 0. 223￣0. 382) and eight populations (D: 0. 007￣0. 048).

Population and genetic diversity of Tibetan red deer based on fecal DNA

The Tibet Shannan Red Deer Nature Reserve is the center of the geographic distribution of Tibetan red deer. This paper presents the results of DNA analysis of 199 red deer fecal pellet groups collected during 2013 and 2014 during the green-plant period. We successfully extracted DNA from 87 DNA pellet groups and determined individual identification with 12 microsatellite loci. We evaluated the genetic diversity of the population and various population estimates with Capwire in R software. The87 successfully extracted pellet groups were from 50 individuals. In the population, the average number of alleles was 7.58 ± 0.18, the average effective number of alleles was 4.58 ± 0.15, and average polymorphism information content was 0.67 ± 0.01. Among the 12 loci,only T123 was moderately polymorphic; the other 11 loci were highly polymorphic. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.45 to 0.91, with an average of 0.72 ± 0.01, and average observed heterozygosity was 0.52 ± 0.11.Although Tibetan red deer remains endangered, the high genetic diversity indicates that this population has a good chance of recovery. This study provided insight that could be used by the local forestry department to develop programs to protect Tibetan red deer.

Parallel Processing Based on Ship Maneuvering in Identification of Interaction Force Coefficients

The parallel processing based on the free running model test was adopted to predict the interac-tion force coefficients (flow straightening coefficient and wake fraction) of ship maneuvering. And the multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA) based on real coding that can contemporarily process the data of free running model and simulation of ship maneuvering was applied to solve the problem. Accordingly the optimal individual was obtained using the method of genetic algorithm. The parallel processing of multi-population solved the prematurity in the identification for single population, meanwhile, the parallel processing of the data of ship maneuvering (turning motion and zigzag motion) is an attempt to solve the coefficient drift problem. In order to validate the method, the interaction force coefficients were verified by the procedure and these coefficients measured were compared with those ones identified. The maximum error is less than 5%, and the identification is an effective method.

Modification of the Brief Smell Identification Test by Introduction of a Placebo

Objective: To introduce the concept that there might be “nothing to smell” to the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT), with a view to masking olfactory deficits, particularly from healthy control participants in research studies. Methods: Seventy-one elderly individuals, healthy for their age, were recruited to the study. They were blindfolded and carried out a modified B-SIT where one item had been replaced with a placebo, and one odour alternative answer to three other items was replaced by the alternative “none/other” (actual odour unchanged). Results: There was no overall difference in the median or mean score achieved by the cohort compared to results obtained previously using the conventional B-SIT. The replacement of the item “turpentine” with a placebo resulted in an improved score for the item in a Norwegian setting. The overall scores were not improved. Conclusions: It is possible to introduce the concept that there may be “nothing to smell” to the B-SIT without compromising the test for healthy control individuals. This may be a more appropriate approach to olfactory testing of control individuals or patients with suspected early neurodegenerative diseases.

黑叶猴个体识别的新方法:基于腹股沟白斑斑纹观测

动物个体识别是进行种群数量监测、动物行为学和生态学研究的基础。通过区分个体特征差异,可收集个体行为、社会联属行为和迁移行为等重要数据(Cronin,2012;Crouse et al.,2017),为动物种群数量评估和制定有效保护策略提供关键基础数据。濒危野生动物个体识别方法目前有足迹识别、条纹识别(顾佳音等,2013)、DNA识别(张保卫,2005)、基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)进行个体面部图像识别(王革伟,2018;Qi et al.,2020)等。

中国流动人口城市认同度与感知接受度空间格局及影响因素研究

基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测数据,采用空间自相关分析、多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型对中国城镇流动人口城市认同度与感知接受度影响因素的空间异质性进行分析。研究发现:①流动人口的城市认同度和感知接受度空间格局相似,均呈现出明显的空间集聚性,但总体上流动人口的感知接受度低于其城市认同度。②城市认同度和感知接受度空间异质性影响因素差异明显,城市认同度的影响因素较少,高学历人才占比、在婚比重、跨省流动比例具有全局显著影响,感知接受度的影响因素更多,除主要流动因素(跨省流动比例、来源城市群比例)的影响具有全局性外,其他变量均呈现出明显的局部异质性。③城市认同度受“个体成长—来源城市—劳力水平”三重影响,而感知接受度受“个体内部特征—流动状态—外部经济产业”三重影响。中国流动人口的城市认同度与感知接受度的影响因素存在明显的空间异质性,需要因地制宜地制定流动人口管理与服务政策。

大城市人口老龄化的时空演化特征与规划响应——以成都市为例

利用成都市人口普查与空间大数据,基于“演化模式—互动机制—规划响应”的关联逻辑,采用GIS和k-means聚类法刻画成都市2010—2020年老年人口时空演变特征与模式,并从宜达、宜养、宜居3个维度探究建成环境与老年人口分布的互动关系。研究结果表明:①2010—2020年,成都市人口结构正由轻度老龄化逐步迈向重度老龄化,老龄化系数空间格局保持“U”形分布趋势,老年人口密度分布形成了“中间高,外围低”的圈层式空间结构。②老年人口的时空演化具有存留老化型、集聚稳定型、自然老化型、集聚老化型4类模式,分别呈现城乡末端集聚、中心团块簇群、全域散点分布、中圈嵌套环绕的空间分布形态。③公交站点、医疗设施、市场、公园广场密度等建成环境指标与老年人口分布密切相关。

行动者认知、制度结构与政策工具选择——基于广东省J市低收入人口识别机制设计过程的分析

政策工具选择是行动者认知、政策情景、制度结构等多因素共同作用的结果,行动者认知与制度结构的动态性可能引起政策工具选择的变化。选取广东省J市低收入人口识别机制设计过程作为研究案例,以过程追踪为分析手段,提炼行动者认知与制度结构影响政策工具选择的作用机制。研究发现,科学知识与实践知识的互动促进了政策工具创新,但由于政治考量和制度的制约,政策工具选择出现了路径依赖。政策工具选择变动是政策学习与认知锁定两个机制先后作用的结果。

The regional types of China＇s floating population： Identification methods and spatial patterns

With the rapid increase of the number and influence of floating population in China,it is urgently needed to understand the regional types of China＇s floating population and their spatial characteristics. After reviewing the current methods for identifying regional types of floating population,this paper puts forward a new composite-index identification method and its modification version which is consisted of two indexes of the net migration rate and gross migration rate. Then,the traditional single-index and the new composite-index identification methods are empirically tested to explore their spatial patterns and characteristics by using China＇s 2000 census data at county level. The results show：（1） The composite-index identification method is much better than traditional single-index method because it can measure the migration direction and scale of floating simultaneously,and in particular it can identify the unique regional types of floating population with large scale of immigration and emigration. （2） The modified composite-index identification method,by using the share of a region＇s certain type of floating population to the total in China as weights,can effectively correct the over-or under-estimated errors due to the rather large or small total population of a region. （3） The spatial patterns of different regional types of China＇s floating population are closely related to the regional differentiation of their natural environment,population density and socio-economic development level. The three active regional types of floating population are mainly located in the eastern part of China with lower elevation,more than 800 mm precipitation,rather higher population densities and economic development levels.

Development of two microsatellite multiplex PCR systems for high throughput genotyping in Populus euphratica

十八微卫星教材对以前为 Populus tremuloides Michx 在橡树理兹公民实验室发展了。并且 Populus trichocarpa Torr。与格雷在幼发拉底河白杨为扩大被屏蔽， Populus euphratica Oliv。13 loci 被发现表示从二到 17 等位基因的多型性。八很可变的 loci 被选择建立并且优化二复合聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 试金。总共包含 436 棵树的三张人口被用来描绘选择 loci 并且为出身分析查明他们的适用性， genotyping 学习。通过对 genotyped 树的性的同种细胞的身份的 cross-checking，我们为合并遗传型是不到 0.045 估计了最大的错误率。

Photo-identification comparison of four Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin populations off southeast China

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)inhabit shallow coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific region including southeast China,with at least 6 putative populations identified to date in Chinese waters.However,the connectivity among these populations has not yet been fully investigated.In the present study,we compared and crossmatched photographic catalogs of individual dolphins collected to date in the Pearl River Delta region,Leizhou Bay,Sanniang Bay,and waters southwest of Hainan Island,a total of 3158 individuals,and found no re-sighting of individual dolphins among the 4 study areas.Furthermore,there was a notable difference in the pigmentation pattern displayed by individuals from these 4 regions.We suggest that this may be a phenotypical expression of fine-scale regional differentiation among humpback dolphin groups,possibly distinct populations.Given the considerable conservation management implications it may carry(e.g.definition of management units),further research is much needed.

CNVbase:Batch identification of novel and rare copy number variations based on multi-ethnic population data

Human genetic variants have long been known to play an important role in both Mendelian disorders and common diseases. Notably, pathogenic variants are not limited to single-nucleotide variants. It has become apparent that human diseases can also be caused by copy number variations （CNVs）, especially patient- specific novel CNVs （lafrate et al., 2004; Sebat et al., 2004; Redon et al., 2006; LuDski, 2007; Zhan~ et al.. 2009： Wu et al.. 2015）.

The Evaluation of Insertion and Deletion Polymorphism in Population and Personal Identification Amidst Chinese Populations

For comprehensive understanding of practical application and evaluation on the power of30 commonly used InDeis(Qiagen Investigator DIPplex®kit),we captured population data from 25 Chinese populations and employed F-statistics for population genetics analysis.The results indicated that the distributions of allelic frequencies among populations were in different levels.Furthermore,the phylogeny confoiming pairwise FST distances showed that the difierentiation of majority populations were consistent with their geographic locations and historic dispersals.We conduct the comprehensive correlation analysis between FST and heterozygosity of30 InDel loci and provided strong evidence for ongoing InDei loci selection.The Fst values of 30 InDels were calculated within 25 Chinese populations,and then,these loci were characterized definitely based on their roles in population genetics or individual identification.Data indicated that 17 InDels with FST<0.01 could be utilized regarding Chinese individual identification(total discrimination power=0.999985 and cumulative matching probability=0.00000009).We comprehensively reconstructed the population structure and filled the gap of evaluating the ability of InDels in personal as well as population identification.The application of InDel loci in the forensic area would convincingly promote the development matter of forensic population identification and personal discrimination.

北京市朝鲜伊蚊的野外采集鉴定与系统发育分析

目的对北京市蚊虫调查过程中在房山区采集到的蚊虫进行种类鉴定,探讨其与其他蚊种种群分化与系统发生关系。方法于2022年7月采用幼虫吸管法在房山区南部山区进行蚊虫标本采集,在实验室饲养羽化后,进行形态学鉴定,采用条形码COI(Cytochrome Oxidase I)基因进行分子鉴定。结果在房山区地质公园的石洼积水中采集到蚊幼虫,对幼虫和成蚊进行形态与分子综合鉴定,结果为朝鲜伊蚊,采集地点的地理与气候条件符合蚊种特点,其成蚊形态特征与日本伊蚊非常相似,二者的中胸背片均有5条金黄色纵纹,不同之处在于二者的后足跗节与股节斑纹差异。基于COI基因系统发育分析,本研究采集的朝鲜伊蚊种群与其他地理种群相似性高达99%,朝鲜伊蚊与日本伊蚊COI基因相似性亦高达91.36%。结论在北京市房山区野外首次采集到朝鲜伊蚊,建议后续在更大范围加强对其监测与鉴定能力,评估其潜在媒介风险。

基于角质颚外部形态特征的曼氏无针乌贼2个地理群体判别

【目的】对春季舟山和洞头海域曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)角质颚的形态学参数进行分析,为探讨2个群体基于角质颚的判别建立依据。【方法】根据2021年3-4月在舟山和洞头海域采集的曼氏无针乌贼样品,提取角质颚共602对,测量角质颚12个形态指标数据,将数据进行标准化处理后对舟山群体和洞头群体的形态差异进行分析,并建立不同群体的判别函数。【结果】两个群体在胴长和体质量上均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。舟山和洞头群体角质颚形态学参数雌性均大于雄性。均数差异性检验认为,同一群体不同性别角质颚上头盖长、上脊突长、上侧壁长、上喙长、下翼长、下喙长和下喙宽均存在显著差异(P<0.05),同一性别不同群体角质颚上头盖长、上脊突长、上侧壁长、上喙长、下侧壁长、下翼长和下喙长均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。角质颚形态参数经主成分分析,认为上喙长、下喙宽和下脊突长最适合用来表征舟山群体角质颚的生长,上喙宽和下喙宽最适合用来表征洞头群体角质颚的生长。【结论】利用角质颚对两群体样本分性别建立了判别函数,总判别正确率均高于60%,所划分群体在部分形态指标上差异明显,具有一定可信度。

毛白杨耐寒种质资源遗传鉴定及评价

【目的】鉴定山西省朔州市保存的毛白杨种质资源,与山东省冠县保存的毛白杨种质资源的群体遗传结构和遗传多样性进行对比分析,并对朔州市现存毛白杨种质资源进行耐寒性评价。【方法】以山西省朔州市种质资源库现存370株毛白杨,以及山东省冠县保存的441个毛白杨无性系为对象,采用SSR分子标记开展毛白杨种质资源鉴定、群体遗传结构和遗传多样性分析,基于生长和冻害表型进行评价。【结果】利用13对引物将山西省朔州市种质资源库370株毛白杨分为183个无性系,共检测出等位变异位点67个,平均1个位点存在5个等位基因变异,位点的多态性信息变异幅度在0.306~0.735之间。与山东省冠县保存的毛白杨种质资源库指纹图谱进行对比,发现两地现存的毛白杨并无重复基因型,但遗传多样性差异并不显著。两地保存的624个毛白杨无性系可分为7个类群,通过耐寒性评价将朔州市现存183个无性系划分为5级,其中Ⅰ级的耐寒无性系47个,具有较高的树高和材积生长量。【结论】自然选择使毛白杨南北种质资源库淘汰了偏离保存地环境的部分种质,而保留了适合保存地环境的种质资源,导致两地现存种质资源群体遗传结构差异较大,说明林木种质资源分区域收集、保存和利用的必要性。而山西省朔州市种质资源库内现存雌性无性系是珍贵的耐寒育种资源,对于毛白杨北方适生育种群体构建和高轮次遗传改良具有重要的价值。

基于毒性表型和基因型的主要冬繁区小麦条锈菌群体遗传分析

【目的】明确中国主要冬繁区小麦条锈菌群体毒性结构和遗传多样性,为冬繁区及黄淮海麦区小麦条锈病的防控及小麦抗性基因的合理布局提供参考依据。【方法】从四川盆地、湖北和河南南部等主要冬繁区采集并分离得到148个小麦条锈菌菌株,利用中国鉴别寄主和单基因系鉴别寄主进行毒性表型鉴定;并利用17对KASP-SNP引物对菌株进行标记,完成基因型分析。【结果】基于中国鉴别寄主共鉴定出14个已知小种和63个未知致病类型,其中CYR34(16.2%)、G22-14(12.2%)、CYR32(6.8%)、CYR33(5.4%)为优势小种(致病类型);基于单基因系鉴别寄主鉴定得到113个小种(致病类型),其中race1(7.4%)、race2(3.4%)、race3(3.4%)为优势小种(致病类型)。贵农22类群是中国冬繁区小麦条锈菌群体的最大流行类群,供试条锈菌均不侵染携带Yr5和Yr15的单基因系品种。单基因系毒性鉴定及分子标记均显示CYR34和G22-14的毒性表型及基因型呈现多样化,表明这两个优势小种内部存在高度分化。基于两套鉴别寄主的毒性数据聚类显示,四川盆地与湖北南部条锈菌群体相似,而湖北西北部与河南南部条锈菌群体相似;基于KASP-SNP分子数据的遗传聚类显示,四川盆地、湖北南部条锈菌群体与湖北西北部、河南南部条锈菌群体基因型存在分化;Structure分析显示四川盆地、湖北南部群体主要有2种遗传背景,湖北西北部、河南南部群体主要有一种遗传背景;群体遗传分化分析显示四川盆地条锈菌群体与河南南部条锈菌群体二者Fst值最大,为0.118,遗传差异最大且遗传分化明显;湖北西北部群体与河南南部群体遗传分化程度最小,Fst值为0.010;基因流分析得到湖北西北部群体与河南南部群体之间的Nm值为25.236,Nm>4,二者存在较大的基因流,湖北西北部和河南南部群体与四川盆地群体之间的Nm值分别为2.923和1.864,均存在较小的基因流;遗传多样性分析结果表明,四川盆地、湖北南部地区条锈菌群体遗传多样性水平均较高,湖北西北部、河南南部条锈菌群体遗传多样性水平较低。上述结论均支持四川盆地、湖北南部群体同湖北西北部、河南南部群体存在遗传分化。【结论】单基因系鉴别寄主能够精准地进行中国小麦条锈菌小种鉴定;中国主要冬繁区的小麦条锈菌群体存在不同来源。

基于改进多种群遗传算法的锂电池参数辨识

使用一种改进多种群遗传算法对锂电池的等效电路模型参数进行辨识,该算法的特点是将DNA编码方法与粒子群遗传算法融入多种群遗传算法中,有效提高了算法的精度和局部搜索能力。结果表明,通过使用该算法得到的锂电池参数,对锂电池电压进行预测,得到的预测电压和实测电压的平均绝对误差为4.35×10^(-4)V,精度比传统多种群遗传算法有明显提高。该算法对准确辨识锂电池参数以及精确估计锂电池SOC等有重要意义。