Modeling and Global Conflict Analysis of Firewall Policy

The global view of firewall policy conflict is important for administrators to optimize the policy.It has been lack of appropriate firewall policy global conflict analysis,existing methods focus on local conflict detection.We research the global conflict detection algorithm in this paper.We presented a semantic model that captures more complete classifications of the policy using knowledge concept in rough set.Based on this model,we presented the global conflict formal model,and represent it with OBDD(Ordered Binary Decision Diagram).Then we developed GFPCDA(Global Firewall Policy Conflict Detection Algorithm) algorithm to detect global conflict.In experiment,we evaluated the usability of our semantic model by eliminating the false positives and false negatives caused by incomplete policy semantic model,of a classical algorithm.We compared this algorithm with GFPCDA algorithm.The results show that GFPCDA detects conflicts more precisely and independently,and has better performance.

Detecting conflict of heterogeneous access control policies

Policy conflicts may cause substantial economic losses.Although a large amount of effort has been spent on detecting intra-domain policy conflict,it can not detect conflicts of heterogeneous policies.In this paper,considering background knowledge,we propose a conflict detection mechanism to search and locate conflicts of heterogeneous policies.First,we propose a general access control model to describe authorization mechanisms of cloud service and a translation scheme designed to translate a cloud service policy to an Extensible Access Control Markup Language(XACML)policy.Then the scheme based on Multi-terminal Multi-data-type Interval Decision Diagram(MTMIDD)and Extended MTMIDD(X-MTMIDD)is designed to represent XACML policy and search the conflict among heterogeneous policies.To reduce the rate of false positives,the description logic is used to represent XACML policy and eliminate false conflicts.Experimental results show the efficiency of our scheme.

Assessment of Conflicts between Forestry and Agricultural Land Uses in Nigeria and Ghana

The study was conducted in four states of the Southwest geo-political zone in Nigeria and four regions in Ghana.. The results showed that the existing forest, agricultural and land use decree/policies in Nigeria and Ghana indicated lack of integration between Forestry and Agricultural land uses. The main conflicting areas were obsolete land use decree in Nigeria and lack of national land use policy in Ghana. The causes and effects of the conflicts had policy enunciation, stakeholders, and institutional and managerial dimensions. Some of the causes of the conflicts were lack of national land use policies for coherent and integrated forest and agricultural sectors; high population growth, de-reservation of forest reserves, unsustainable agricultural practices and technologies, land hunger, encroachment of forest reserves with cash crops and stakeholders＇ litany of demands and other diverse interests. Consequences of conflicts in the study locations included disharmony between forestry officials and farmers, antagonism between timber concenssionnaires and communities, wanton destruction of economic trees and seedlings, extinction of tree species, expansion of illegal farm lands and an attendant poverty. The logistic regression model for conflicts between forestry and agricultural land uses in Nigeria and Ghana indicated significant fit to the data judging from chi square value （df, 9） = 3174.1 that is significant at P 〈 0.05. The final loss of the model indicated a value of 92.47.

Central and Peripheral Cultures and the Problem of Social Conflict in Vietnam

This article deals with relationship between cultural globalization and local cultures, seen mostly as conflict between centre and peripheries on the world scale and also as conflict among ethnicities in the societies. It also suggests some solutions to the problem of conflict on the global scale in general and in Vietnam in particular. In the era of globalization, there exists a risk of cultural imperialism rising as a cultural centre. Nevertheless, the cultural imperialism always bears the economic and political motives. This is the very cause which leads to politico-cultural conflict. Therefore, in essence, cultural hegemony is also the very economic hegemony and it serves the economy. Thus, in fact, social conflicts are often the contradictions, but these contradictions could lead to conflict only when they are pushed to political and economic interests level, and then they are the truly economic and political conflicts and not cultural ones. Therefore, in essence, there are not purely cultural conflicts, but culture is only the medium for politico-economic conflict. There may be various kinds of solutions for the problem of conflict： the economic solutions, the social solutions, the political solutions, and the cultural ones. Vietnarrv--as a multi-ethnic natiorv--is not a country without social conflict. To solve the problem of conflict is to solve the contradictions in economic interests and to overcome the lack of democracy. Therefore, the most important solutions for the problem of conflict are the cultural and political solutions. Especially, the article emphasizes the democracy and the rule of law as the critical points in solving the problem of social conflict.

Ownership Structure,Agency Relationship and Dividend Policy in unlisted Cameroonian Companies

Financial decisions in general and dividend policy in particular are based on the relationship between the stakeholders.Also,analyzing the dividend policy in companies that are not listed on the stock market remains important.The object of our study is to analyze the agency relationship in the link between the ownership structure and the distribution of the dividend at the level of Cameroonian companies.We opted for a qualitative and quantitative study.The statistical tests carried out(with 67 companies)are the comparison test of means and the analysis of variance with one factor(using Statistic Package for Social Science[SPSS]software).The results of this research show that regular and irregular dividend payments lead to a low level of conflict between majority-minority shareholders and shareholder-managers.This leads to a negative relationship between the concentration,the ownership identity,and the dividend policy.

The Behavioral Logic behind India’s Tough Foreign Policy toward China

Conflict between India and China at the Galwan Valley has brought their bilateral relations to the lowest point since the border war in 1962.Although this conflict appeared incidental,it in fact was the inevitable result of India's tough foreign policy featuring"high risk,high yield"pursued by the Modi administration toward China.The subsequent measures of India's tough diplomacy toward China have become more frequent,reflecting both a desire to seek revenge and a deep level of India's logic.Such logic considers not only the policy inertia of India's long-term pursuit of absolute security and dominance in the regional order.but also the intention of Modi's government to overtake China by taking advantages of India's favorable external strategic environment.The existing structural contradictions in China-India relations and the right-leaning tendencies in India's domestic political ecology have laid the groundwork for this conflict to occur and for the Modi administration to pursue a tough foreign policy toward China.This conflict has once again shown the rapid decay of the existing operational mechanism and architecture of thei bilateral relations,which can no longer smooth over the complex interactions between the two major emerging neighbors.As a result,the moment has arrived for China and India to restructure their relations,otherwise their relationship can hardly be continued.

我国精神卫生政策执行困境研究

通过模糊-冲突理论分析我国精神卫生政策执行困境,为推进精神卫生政策的有效实施提供理论依据。发现我国精神卫生政策的模糊性较低,但冲突性显著,政策执行的冲突性主要表现在观念差异、职业认同冲突、利益协同冲突三方面。因此,我国精神卫生政策执行属于政治性执行,其支配性因素为“权力”,政策执行过程存在一定程度的“形式主义”和“变通执行”。建议从完善政策设计、建立健全配套措施、保障政策执行资源等方面促进精神卫生政策有效实施。

“双减”背景下家庭因素对小学高段学生睡眠质量的影响——基于对成渝地区408名小学生调查

为了解成渝地区小学高段学生睡眠质量,探索“双减”背景下家庭功能、感知父母冲突和情绪安全感对小学高段学生睡眠质量的影响,运用家庭功能问卷、父母冲突儿童知觉量表、情绪安全感问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表等研究工具对成都市、重庆市两所学校共408名小学高段学生展开调查。调查发现,67.28%的成渝地区小学高段学生能在22时前入睡,82.20%的成渝地区小学高段学生能保障每日9小时以上睡眠,且睡眠障碍检出率显著低于“双减”前同年龄段多地结果;家庭功能、感知父母冲突、情绪安全感与小学高段学生睡眠质量显著相关,其中情绪安全感能显著负向预测学生睡眠质量,这说明“双减”后成渝地区小学高段学生睡眠质量有所提高,且家庭因素对小学高段学生睡眠质量影响显著。基于此,建议家庭成员间要有合理的角色分工与积极的情感支持,家长要帮助子女建立情绪安全感,并引导子女形成良好的睡眠习惯和健康的生活模式来保障子女拥有良好的睡眠质量。

多层次冲突模型:科技政策执行梗阻问题分析框架

科技政策是驱动科技创新战略有序开展的重要保证,而科技政策的执行具有多主体性、多面性和联动性等特点,使得在科技政策执行过程中容易产生各种冲突进而引发政策执行梗阻。通过调研收集相关案例,以高校科技成果转化政策、新型研发机构建设政策以及科技人才引进政策三类科技政策执行过程为研究对象,发现科技政策执行在价值层、制度层、行动层产生的冲突会形成政策执行梗阻。政策执行的三层冲突彼此之间有紧密联系并存在传导效应,其主要原因是各部门与各主体之间存在广泛的自我保护和避责倾向,导致执行主体不愿意在政策执行中涉险,并且,整体制度设计不完善易产生制度缺失、空白以及相互冲突,在执行上形成“空子”和漏洞,加剧各部门趋利避害行为。

基于“模糊-冲突”属性识别的学校体育政策执行特征分析

对不同层级政策模糊性与冲突性的有效识别是了解政策执行状况的重要方面,为纾解学校体育政策执行困境提供了新的视角。运用政策量化分析法,以812份省、市、县级政策为研究样本,识别地方政府政策执行的模糊与冲突水平,发现我国学校体育政策执行的重要特征。研究认为,学校体育政策在省—市—县级政府间的流变体现出模糊性先上升再下降,在县级政府层面最低的特点;冲突性的整体水平较高,在县级政府层面达到最高水平。结合政策“模糊—冲突”识别过程,立足政策执行具体情境,我国学校体育政策执行表现出政策执行自上而下的线性逻辑不清、政策执行体系系统性不强、执行压力U型波动导致基层主体变通性执行等重要特征。通过强化政策执行线性传导机制、高位入手与基层推进有效衔接、完善政策执行督导体系、普及优先发展青少年和学校体育的教育理念等方式降低政策执行模糊性与冲突性,提升学校体育政策执行质量。

社会政策执行过程中的多重制度逻辑冲突与行动策略——以T市公共文化服务体系示范区创建为例

社会政策的执行情境往往是发散的,相互竞争的。在此背景下,如何平衡多元主体的利益诉求、价值导向,以促进地方经济发展并为广大人民群众提供足够的公共福祉,对于地方政府来说是一个具有挑战性的问题。鉴于此,本文开发了一个多重制度逻辑的分析框架,以湖北省T市的公共文化服务示范区创建过程为案例,考察地方政府在社会政策执行中的多重逻辑竞争与行动策略。研究发现:社会政策的地方执行面临着多重制度逻辑,制度压力与行动情境张力下的多重制度逻辑冲突是地方政府策略性地执行社会政策的制度基础,关键行动者的认知图式是政策执行的微观基础,制度与行动者的不断互动使得情境性自主成为地方政府短期或长期应对冲突的行为策略。本研究为理解社会政策的执行过程打开了一个新的视角,将更为动态的制度环境与基层行为模式结合起来,阐明并揭示了“为什么政策执行会采取这样的形式”,推进了政策执行研究的微观基础。

国家安全视域下欧洲国际组织语言政策的逻辑与实践

欧洲地区民族成分复杂,长期发生着强度不等的语言冲突,牵制了大量区域层面的管理资源,因此欧洲区域性国际组织将语言作为政策制定的重要考量因素,以确保区域安全稳定和繁荣。文章选取欧盟、欧洲委员会、欧安组织、经合组织和北约等5个欧洲区域性国际组织作为考察对象,对其通过语言政策保障国家层面安全的逻辑和实践进行描述和分析。研究发现,这些国际组织选择通过推行多语主义、保护语言权利及依赖强势语言的路径,试图维护语言多样性并促进社会融合,然而在实际过程中常面临着多样性原则和实用主义冲突、安全利益分配困难等一系列挑战。如何建立灵活动态机制以确保欧洲语言多样性和政治一体化需求的持续平衡,实现长期区域安全,是欧洲管理中一个需要长期面临的课题。

冲突与调适:复杂政策下农村基层治理实践与策略

农村基层治理存在政策执行困难,这催生出基层多元化应对策略。基于“冲突—调适”的分析框架,农村复杂政策执行中的多重冲突表现为国家行政话语与乡土伦理话语的冲突、多任务政策设计与地方政策资源不足的冲突、综合性政策内容与部门分权的冲突,以及属地问责制与地方有责缺权的冲突。为应对以上冲突,基层政策执行主体靶向性实施行政嵌入社会导向下行政技术与施政伦理结合、资源争取与再分配导向下资源吸纳与选择性执行结合、构建行政共同体导向下组织结构再造与党政引领结合,以及避责思维导向下责任分解与灵活应对结合的调适策略。未来各类调适策略的基层运用应不断走向稳定化、常态化与制度化,为新时期基层治理提供更多解题思路。

师范生教育政策执行模式探究——基于“低模糊-高冲突”动态转化的视角

师范生教育政策有效执行是促进职前教师优质培养和推动教师队伍专业化的重要保障,而当前政策制度与现实情况存在一定冲突。将“模糊—冲突”理论模型与师范生教育政策的动态执行情境相结合,发现2007年以来我国师范生教育政策经历了目标导向多元共存与主体利益短暂兼容的试验性执行、程序操作亟待细化与主体利益冲突显现的象征性执行、制度体系转型优化与违约人数居高不下的政治性执行三个阶段。其中,共识、屏障与自由裁量是自下而上推动试验性执行转向象征性执行的重要因素,政策文本清晰规范与政策制定主体权力持续强化则是自上而下推动象征性执行转向政治性执行的重要因素。基于此,提出优化我国师范生教育政策执行模式的构想,即:中央政府与教育部直属师范大学协力推进师范教育政策的地方辐射过程,地方政府与地方师范院校转变冲突性质以促进我国师范生教育政策主动变通执行,持续完善师范生教育元政策与配套政策体系。

俄乌冲突背景下俄罗斯对“一带一路”政策的调整

2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来,俄罗斯将对华合作议题放在内政外交的重要位置,具体表现为俄罗斯积极推进与中国的能源和基础设施合作,解除对中吉乌铁路项目的限制,放宽中国参与北极开发的“准入许可”,并加快推进“一带一盟”对接进程。本轮俄罗斯对“一带一路”倡议的政策调整受国际和国内两个维度的因素影响。在国际层面,俄与中美两国在经济、军事和科技领域的差距逐步扩大、与西方全面对抗、对中亚国家的影响力衰退和中俄关系全面发展等因素迫使俄罗斯加大参与“一带一路”倡议的力度。在国内层面,政界与非政界精英基于俄罗斯面对的国际局势,趋向于形成对“一带一路”倡议的正面认知。两个层面因素共同推动俄罗斯对“一带一路”政策的积极转向,这有利于俄罗斯部分缓解其与西方对抗的压力,推动中国“一带一路”倡议的发展,优化中俄在中亚地区的互动模式。短期来看,俄罗斯本轮政策调整的方向不会改变。长期来看,不能排除俄罗斯调整对“一带一路”政策的应急目的和暂时性特点,鉴于俄乌冲突后的局势尚有不确定性,俄罗斯对“一带一路”倡议的政策仍有回调的可能。

Adaptable and Dynamic Access Control Decision-Enforcement Approach Based on Multilayer Hybrid Deep Learning Techniques in BYOD Environment

Organizations are adopting the Bring Your Own Device(BYOD)concept to enhance productivity and reduce expenses.However,this trend introduces security challenges,such as unauthorized access.Traditional access control systems,such as Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)and Role-Based Access Control(RBAC),are limited in their ability to enforce access decisions due to the variability and dynamism of attributes related to users and resources.This paper proposes a method for enforcing access decisions that is adaptable and dynamic,based on multilayer hybrid deep learning techniques,particularly the Tabular Deep Neural Network Tabular DNN method.This technique transforms all input attributes in an access request into a binary classification(allow or deny)using multiple layers,ensuring accurate and efficient access decision-making.The proposed solution was evaluated using the Kaggle Amazon access control policy dataset and demonstrated its effectiveness by achieving a 94%accuracy rate.Additionally,the proposed solution enhances the implementation of access decisions based on a variety of resource and user attributes while ensuring privacy through indirect communication with the Policy Administration Point(PAP).This solution significantly improves the flexibility of access control systems,making themmore dynamic and adaptable to the evolving needs ofmodern organizations.Furthermore,it offers a scalable approach to manage the complexities associated with the BYOD environment,providing a robust framework for secure and efficient access management.

文化冲突性政策何以有效执行?——基于G市A、B两县殡葬改革的比较分析

文化冲突性政策如何有效执行,不仅是基层治理的难点,也是政策执行研究的盲点。本文基于对同一地市两县殡葬改革政策的案例比较分析,发现在相同的政策环境、同样的政策属性以及具有相似政策工具的情况下,改革需求大、阻力小的地区,改革艰难反复;改革需求小、阻力大的地区,改革却异常成功。研究发现,县级政府能否以政策再生产的方式,设计出与政策执行者和目标群体利益兼容,同时契合其道德正义观的政策,对于文化冲突性政策的有效执行具有重要作用。本文的贡献在于聚焦县级层面的政策再生产,引入“利益”和“观念”维度,拓展了中国情境下政策执行研究的路径和视角,为今后文化冲突性政策的有效执行提供了一定参考和启发。

基层形式主义困局何以发生与矫治?——基于“模糊—冲突”政策执行模型的解析

基层是服务群众和政策执行的终端末梢,但陷入了形式主义困局。基层形式主义与政策执行过程中的模糊性和冲突性密切相关,不同程度的模糊性和冲突性及其组合对应不同的政策执行样态,背后是不同的支配性因素,反映不同的形式主义表征。“行政性执行”因资源约束导致应对乏力的形式主义,“政治性执行”因权力约束导致对标对表的形式主义,“实验性执行”因信息约束导致茫然探索的形式主义,“象征性执行”因综合约束导致互惠合谋的形式主义。根源在于“基层资源”在僵化科层制中的支撑乏力,“上级权力”在高度冲突性中的刚性运行,“基层情境”在高度模糊性中的作为驱动,“地方合作”在高模糊冲突中的不当默会。矫治基层形式主义,要夯实基层资源,适配更为务实的科层运行;调适上级权力,实施低冲突化的激励约束;解析基层情境,培育低模糊化的基层空间;规范地方合作,构建清晰协同的基层生态。

模糊性政策执行模式的动态转换逻辑——以异地就医即时结算政策为例

目的:在高度复杂性和不确定性条件下,模糊性日益成为公共政策的显要属性。缘于模糊性,政策执行过程往往伴随执行模式的动态转换,而学界对该转换过程和机制缺乏足够探讨。方法:本研究基于修正的模糊—冲突模型和多源流模型,构建了一个解释模糊性政策执行模式动态转换的分析框架,并以异地就医即时结算政策为例对模式转换逻辑进行了阐释。结果:同一项模糊性政策在执行中会经历从试验性执行到象征性执行,再到政治性执行,最终进入常态化行政性执行的动态转换过程。促使执行模式转换的原因与对应阶段的主导动力源流密不可分。结论与建议:细化的执行手段、清晰的权责关系、自上而下的高位推动、充足的执行资源及数字化技术都有助于降低政策的模糊性和冲突性,提升政策执行效果。

追随制裁:俄乌冲突下日本对俄制裁政策评析

岸田政府出于提高日美欧合作水平、扩大价值观外交影响力、维护政权稳定性等方面考量,在俄乌冲突问题上积极追随美国,采取以对俄全方位制裁为重点、以日美欧多方联动为依托、以多元化援助乌克兰为补充的对俄制裁政策。日本对俄制裁政策既对俄罗斯造成沉重打击,也对日本国家建设产生多重影响,使日美欧合作水平得到深化,影响了国际秩序的发展方向。但日本对俄制裁政策也存在能力与意愿不足、日俄经贸结构不对称等限制性条件,面临动力不足的挑战。从根本上看,日本对俄制裁政策的持续实则是为了摆脱战后体制束缚、打破日俄领土争端僵局、构建制衡中国的联盟体系。