Preparation and characterization of carbonyl iron soft magnetic composites with magnesioferrite insulating coating layer

Spherical carbonyl iron(Fe)powders were coated with magnesioferrite(MgFe2O4)insulating coating layer and then mixed with epoxy-modified silicone resin(ESR).Soft magnetic composites(SMCs)were fabricated by compaction of the coated powders and annealing treatment.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the MgFe2O4 layer was coated on the surface of the iron powders.The magnetic properties of SMCs were determined using a vibrating sample magnetometer and an auto testing system for magnetic materials.The results showed that the SMCs prepared at 800 MPa and 550℃ exhibited a significant core loss of 167.5 W/kg at 100 kHz and 50 mT.

Effect of Heat-Insulating Layer Thickness on Melting Rate of Ice Fixed Abrasives Polishing Pad

The formula of the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is deduced via heat transfer analysis,according to the principle of heat transfer in limited space.Polishing experiments are carried out using the same technological parameters.Compared with the polishing experimental results,the heat transfer model is proved to be correct.As validated by the experimental results,polyurethane heat-insulating layer can effectively improve the service life of the ice fixed abrasive pad and alleviate the melting rate in the polishing process to improve the polishing quality proposed.The heat transfer model provides theoretical basis for research of temperature field of ice fixed abrasive polishing.

Feature,genetic model and distribution of calcareous insulating layers in marine strata of western Pearl River Mouth basin in north of South China Sea

We have systematically investigated the feature, genetic model and distribution of calcareous insulating layers in marine strata of the Ⅰ oil group in member 2 of Zhujiang formation(ZJ2I oil formation), western Pearl River Mouth basin(PRMB) in the north of the South China Sea by using data such as cores, thin sections, X-ray diffraction of whole-rock, and calcite cement carbon and oxygen isotopes. The lithology of the calcareous insulating layers in the study area is mainly composed of the terrigenous clastic bioclastic limestone and a small amount of fine-grained calcareous sandstone. On this basis, two genetic models of calcareous insulating layers are established, including the evaporation seawater genetic model and shallow burial meteoric water genetic model. The calcareous insulating layers of the evaporation seawater genetic model developed in the foreshore subfacies, mainly at the top of the 1-1 strata and 1-3 strata. The calcareous insulating layers of the shallow burial meteoric water genetic model developed in the backshore subfacies, primarily in the 1-2 strata.

Experimental study on the penetration characteristics of leaking molten salt in the thermal insulation layer of aluminum silicate fiber

The molten salt leakage accident is an important issue in the nuclear safety analysis of molten salt reactors.While the molten salt leaks from the pipeline or storage tank,it will contact the insulation layer outside;hence,the processes of penetration and spreading play an important role in the development of leakage accidents.In this study,the penetration and diffusion of leaking molten salt(LMS)in an aluminum silicate fiber(ASF)thermal insulation layer were studied experimentally.A molten salt tank with an adjustable outlet was designed to simulate the leakage of molten salt,and the subsequent behavior in the thermal insulation layer was evaluated by measuring the penetra-tion time and penetration mass of the LMS.The results show that when the molten salt discharges from the outlet and reaches the thermal insulation layer,the LMS will penetrate and seep out from the ASF,and a higher flow rate of LMS requires less penetration time and leaked mass of LMS.As the temperature of the LMS and thickness of the ASF increased,the penetration time became longer and the leaked mass became greater at a lower LMS flow rate;when the LMS flow rate increased,the penetration time and leaked mass decreased rapidly and tended to flatten.

OPTICAL EFFECTS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF BURIED INSULATOR LAYER FORMED BY O^+ AND N^+ CO-IMPLANTATION

The microstructure and optical properties of a buried layer formed by O+(200keV,1.8×1018/cm2)and N+(180 keV,4×1017/cm2)co-implantation and annealed at 1200℃for 2 h have been investigated by Auger electron,IR absorption and reflection spectroscopicmeasurements.The results show that the buried layer consists of silicon dioxide and SiOx（x【 2）and the nitrogen segregates to the wings of the buried layer where it forms an oxynitride.Bydetail theoretical analysis and computer simulation of the IR reflection interference spectrum,therefractive index profiles of the buried layer were obtained.

Influence of thermal insulation layer schemes on the frost heaving force in tunnels

In extreme cold regions,a thermal insulation layer(TIL)is commonly employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of frost heaving forces in tunnels.Optimizing the laying scheme of TIL,specifically minimizing frost heaving forces,holds considerable importance in the prevention of frost damage.This research developed a two-dimensional unsteady temperature field of circular tunnels by using the difference method(taking the off-wall laying method as an example)based on the law of conservation of energy.Then,the frozen circle and water migration coefficient were introduced to establish the relationship between the temperature field and frost heaving forces,and a reliable methodology for calculating these forces under the specific conditions of TIL installation was developed.Then(i)the influence of the air layer thickness of the off-wall laying method,(ii)different laying methods of TIL,(iii)the TIL thickness,(iv)the thermal conductivity of the TIL,and(v)the freeze-thaw cycles on the frost heaving force were investigated.The results showed that the frost heaving force served as a reliable and effective metric for evaluating the insulation effect in tunnels.In order to avoid frost damage in compliance with the design requirements,the insulation effects from various laying methods were established,in descending efficacy order as follows:off-wall laying,double layer laying,surface laying,and sandwich laying.Our findings revealed that the optimal thickness for the air layer in the offwall laying method was 0.10 m.The insulation effect of materials with a thermal conductivity below 0.047 W/(m·℃)was furthermore found to be good.Under freeze-thaw cycle conditions,it is concluded that to prevent frost damage,the TIL thickness should be the sum of the thickness r1 of the first freeze-thaw cycle without frost heaving forces and an additional reserve value 0.06r1 of the TIL thickness.

Thermal Insulation Distribution Pattern of Layered Clothing Ensemble

With a thermal manikin, the distribution pattern of thermal insulation in multi-layered clothing ensemble is studied. It is found that the thermal insulation of multi-layered clothing ensemble has certain statistical relationship with the thermal insulation of each layer, and the prediction equation has been established.

Transforming a Two-Dimensional Layered Insulator into a Semiconductor or a Highly Conductive Metal through Transition Metal Ion Intercalation

Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D) materials are the building bricks for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics, which demand plentiful functional properties in mechanics, transport, magnetism and photoresponse.For electronic devices, not only metals and high-performance semiconductors but also insulators and dielectric materials are highly desirable. Layered structures composed of 2D materials of different properties can be delicately designed as various useful heterojunction or homojunction devices, in which the designs on the same material(namely homojunction) are of special interest because preparation techniques can be greatly simplified and atomically seamless interfaces can be achieved. We demonstrate that the insulating pristine ZnPS_3, a ternary transition-metal phosphorus trichalcogenide, can be transformed into a highly conductive metal and an n-type semiconductor by intercalating Co and Cu atoms, respectively. The field-effect-transistor(FET) devices are prepared via an ultraviolet exposure lithography technique. The Co-ZnPS_3 device exhibits an electrical conductivity of 8 × 10^(4) S/m, which is comparable to the conductivity of graphene. The Cu-ZnPS_3 FET reveals a current ON/OFF ratio of 1-05 and a mobility of 3 × 10^(-2 )cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1). The realization of an insulator, a typical semiconductor and a metallic state in the same 2D material provides an opportunity to fabricate n-metal homojunctions and other in-plane electronic functional devices.

Modification of the Hybridization Gap by Twisted Stacking of Quintuple Layers in a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Thin Film

Twisting the stacking of layered materials leads to rich new physics. A three-dimensional topological insulator film hosts two-dimensional gapless Dirac electrons on top and bottom surfaces, which, when the film is below some critical thickness, will hybridize and open a gap in the surface state structure. The hybridization gap can be tuned by various parameters such as film thickness and inversion symmetry, according to the literature. The three-dimensional strong topological insulator Bi(Sb)Se(Te) family has layered structures composed of quintuple layers(QLs) stacked together by van der Waals interaction. Here we successfully grow twistedly stacked Sb_2Te_3 QLs and investigate the effect of twist angels on the hybridization gaps below the thickness limit. It is found that the hybridization gap can be tuned for films of three QLs, which may lead to quantum spin Hall states.Signatures of gap-closing are found in 3-QL films. The successful in situ application of this approach opens a new route to search for exotic physics in topological insulators.

Optimization for sound insulation of a sandwich plate with a corrugation and auxetic honeycomb hybrid core

A sandwich plate with a corrugation and auxetic honeycomb hybrid core is constructed,and its sound insulation and optimization are investigated.First,the motion governing equation of the sandwich plate is established by the third-order shear deformation theory(TSDT),and then combined with the fluid-structure coupling conditions,and the sound insulation is solved.The theoretical results are validated by COMSOL simulation results,and the effects of the structural parameter on the sound insulation are analyzed.Finally,the standard genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the sound insulation of the sandwich plate.

A layered multifunctional framework based on polyacrylonitrile and MOF derivatives for stable lithium metal anode

Composite Li metal anodes based on three-dimensional(3D) porous frameworks have been considered as an effective material for achieving stable Li metal batteries with high energy density.However,uneven Li deposition behavior still occurs at the top of 3D frameworks owing to the local accumulation of Li ions.To promote uniform Li deposition without top dendrite growth,herein,a layered multifunctional framework based on oxidation-treated polyacrylonitrile(OPAN) and metal-organic framework(MOF) derivatives was proposed for rationally regulating the distribution of Li ions flux,nucleation sites,and electrical conductivity.Profiting from these merits,the OPAN/carbon nano fiber-MOF(CMOF) composite framework demonstrated a reversible Li plating/stripping behavior for 500 cycles with a stable Coulombic efficiency of around 99.0% at the current density of 2 mA/cm~2.Besides,such a Li composite anode exhibited a superior cycle lifespan of over 1300 h under a low polarized voltage of 18 mV in symmetrical cells.When the Li composite anode was paired with LiFePO_(4)(LFP) cathode,the obtained full cell exhibited a stable cycling over 500 cycles.Moreover,the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation was conducted to reveal the effects on homogeneous Li ions distribution derived from the above-mentioned OPAN/CMOF framework and electrical insulation/conduction design.These electrochemical and simulated results shed light on the difficulties of designing stable and safe Li metal anode via optimizing the 3D frameworks.

Flexible mica films coated by magnetron sputtered insulating layers for high-temperature capacitive energy storage

High-temperature energy storage performance of dielectric capacitors is cru-cial for the next generation of power electronic devices.However,conduction losses rise sharply at elevated temperature,limiting the application of energy storage capacitors.Here,the mica films magnetron sputtered by different insulating layers are specifically investigated,which exhibit the excellent high-temperature energy storage performance.The experimental results revealed that the PbZrO3/Al2O3/PbZrO3(PZO/AO/PZO)interface insulating layers can effec-tively reduce the high-temperature leakage current and conduction loss of the composite films.Consequently,the ultrahigh energy storage density(Wrec)and charge‒discharge efficiency(η)can be achieved simultaneously in the flexi-ble mica-based composite films.Especially,PZO/AO/PZO/mica/PZO/AO/PZO(PAPMPAP)films possess excellent Wrec of 27.5 J/cm3 andηof 87.8%at 200◦C,which are significantly better than currently reported high-temperature capaci-tive energy storage dielectric materials.Together with outstanding power density and electrical cycling stability,the flexible films in this work have great appli-cation potential in high-temperature energy storage capacitors.Moreover,the magnetron sputtering technology can deposit large-area nanoscale insulating layers on the surface of capacitor films,which can provide technical support for the industrial production of capacitors.

A novel high performance TFS SJ IGBT with a buried oxide layer

A novel high performance trench field stop （TFS） superjunction （S J） insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT） with a buried oxide （BO） layer is proposed in this paper. The BO layer inserted between the P-base and the SJ drift region acts as a barrier layer for the hole-carrier in the drift region. Therefore, conduction modulation in the emitter side of the SJ drift region is enhanced significantly and the carrier distribution in the drift region is optimized for the proposed structure. As a result, compared with the conventional TFS SJ IGBT （Conv-SJ）, the proposed BO-SJ IGBT structure possesses a drastically reduced on-state voltage drop （gce（on）） and an improved tradeoff between gee（on） and turn-off loss （Eoff）, with no breakdown voltage （BV） degraded. The results show that with the spacing between the gate and the BO layer Wo = 0.2 μm, the thickness of the BO layer Lo = 0.2 μm, the thickness of the drift region Ld = 90 μm, the half width and doping concentration of the N- and P-pillars Wn = Wp = 2.5μm and Nn = Np = 3 × 10^15 cm^-3, the Vce（on） and Eoff of the proposed structure are 1.08 V and 2.81 mJ/cm2 with the collector doping concentration Nc = 1 × 10^18 cm^-3 and 1.12 V and 1.73 mJ/cm2 with Nc = 5 × 10^17 cm^-3, respectively. However, with the same device parameters, the Vce（on） and Eoff for the Conv-SJ are 1.81 V and 2.88 mJ/cm2 with Nc= 1 × 10^18 cm^-3 and 1.98 V and 2.82 mJ/cm2 with Nc = 5 ×10^17 cm^-3, respectively. Meanwhile, the BV of the proposed structure and Conv-SJ are 1414 V and 1413 V, respectively.

Experimental Investigation on Ablation Characteristic of EPDM Insulator in Different Gas Environments

Some ablation experiments of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer(EPDM)insulator were carried out in quasi-static low temperature gas environment,gas-phase environment,two-phase environment with Al2O3 grain and high concentration Al2O3 grain gas environments.Their charring ablation rate,thickness,surface morphology and main ingredient of the charring layer were analyzed.The experiment results show that the main influent factors for the charring ablation rate are the gas temperature,grain concentration and state of grain impact;the main influent factors for the charring layer thickness are the gas velocity and environment pressure;and the process of SiO2 migrating in the charring layer occur commonly in different gas environments.They provide a foundation for the ablation mechanism research and modeling of EPDM insulator.

High density Al2O3/TaN-based metal-insulatormetal capacitors in application to radio equency integrated circuits

Metal-insulator-metal （MIM） capacitors with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 dielectric and reactively sputtered TaN electrodes in application to radio frequency integrated circuits have been characterized electrically. The capacitors exhibit a high density of about 6.05 fF/μm^2, a small leakage current of 4.8 × 10^-8 A/cm^2 at 3 V, a high breakdown electric field of 8.61 MV/cm as well as acceptable voltage coefficients of capacitance （VCCs） of 795 ppm/V2 and 268ppm/V at 1 MHz. The observed properties should be attributed to high-quality Al2O3 film and chemically stable TaN electrodes. Further, a logarithmically linear relationship between quadratic VCC and frequency is observed due to the change of relaxation time with carrier mobility in the dielectric. The conduction mechanism in the high field ranges is dominated by the Poole-Frenkel emission, and the leakage current in the low field ranges is likely to be associated with trap-assisted tunnelling. Meanwhile, the Al2O3 dielectric presents charge trapping under low voltage stresses, and defect generation under high voltage stresses, and it has a hard-breakdown performance.

Uniform light emission from electrically driven plasmonic grating using multilayer tunneling barriers

Light emission by inelastic tunneling(LEIT)from a metal-insulator-metal tunnel junction is an ultrafast emission process.It is a promising platform for ultrafast transduction from electrical signal to optical signal on integrated circuits.However,existing procedures of fabricating LEIT devices usually involve both top-down and bottom-up techniques,which reduces its compatibility with the modern microfabrication streamline and limits its potential applications in industrial scale-up.Here in this work,we lift these restrictions by using a multilayer insulator grown by atomic layer deposition as the tunnel barrier.For the first time,we fabricate an LEIT device fully by microfabrication techniques and show a stable performance under ambient conditions.Uniform electroluminescence is observed over the entire active region,with the emission spectrum shaped by metallic grating plasmons.The introduction of a multilayer insulator into the LEIT can provide an additional degree of freedom for engineering the energy band landscape of the tunnel barrier.The presented scheme of preparing a stable ultrathin tunnel barrier may also find some applications in a wide range of integrated optoelectronic devices.

Experimental study on axial compressive behaviors of prefabricated composite thermal insulation walls after single-side fire exposure

The axial bearing capacity of prefabricated composite walls composed of inner and outer concrete wythes,expandable polystyrene(EPS)boards and steel sleeve connectors is investigated.An experimental study on the axial bearing capacity of four prefabricated composite walls after fire treatment is carried out.Two of the prefabricated composite walls are normal-temperature specimens,and the others are treated with fire.The damage modes and crack development are observed,and the axial bearing capacity,lateral deformation of the specimens,and the concrete and reinforcing bar strain are tested.The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens after a fire is less than that of normal-temperature specimens;when the insulation board thicknesses are 40 mm and 60 mm,the decrease amplitudes are 20.8%and 16.8%,respectively.The maximum lateral deformation of specimens after a fire is greater than that of normal-temperature specimens,and under the same level of load,the lateral deformation increases as the insulation board thickness increases.Moreover,the strain values of the concrete and reinforcing bars of specimens after a fire are greater than those of normal-temperature specimens,and the strain values increase as the thickness of insulation board increases.

Modeling of a triple reduced surface field silicon-on-insulator lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor with low on-state resistance

An analytical model for a novel triple reduced surface field（RESURF） silicon-on-insulator（SOI） lateral doublediffused metal–oxide–semiconductor（LDMOS） field effect transistor with n-type top（N-top） layer, which can obtain a low on-state resistance, is proposed in this paper. The analytical model for surface potential and electric field distributions of the novel triple RESURF SOI LDMOS is presented by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson＇s equation, which can also be applied to single, double and conventional triple RESURF SOI structures. The breakdown voltage（BV） is formulized to quantify the breakdown characteristic. Besides, the optimal integrated charge of N-top layer（Q_（ntop）） is derived, which can give guidance for doping the N-top layer. All the analytical results are well verified by numerical simulation results,showing the validity of the presented model. Hence, the proposed model can be a good tool for the device designers to provide accurate first-order design schemes and physical insights into the high voltage triple RESURF SOI device with N-top layer.

Numerical simulation of vibrational response characteristics of railway subgrades with insulation boards

This study presents a numerical method based on the surface temperature data and the ground temperature increase in Daqing for predicting temperature field distribution in the Binzhou Railway subgrade and analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of freeze−thaw status of railway subgrade.The calibrated numerical method is applied to simulate the temperature field distribution and roadbed vibrational response of the railway subgrade with a thermal insulation layer at different seasons.The results show the following:(1)The thermal insulation layer can remarkably increase the soil temperature below it and maximum frost depth in the subgrade.(2)Thermal insulation can effectively reduce the subgrade vibration and protect it from frost damage.(3)Given that the strength requirements are met,the insulation layer should be buried as shallow as possible to effectively reduce the subgrade vibration response.The research findings provide theoretical support for the frost damage prevention of railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions.

超稠油老区氮气辅助VHSD开发数值模拟

转直井辅助水平井重力泄油(VHSD)开发方式已成为超稠油老区进一步提高区块采油速度、油藏采收率的重要调整手段。氮气辅助VHSD的增能提压、顶部隔热效应可有效解决超稠油老区吞吐后压力保持程度低、驱泄操作压力低、蒸汽腔温度低的问题,进而实现节约蒸汽用量、提高产油水平、提升油汽比和减耗降碳的目的。以克拉玛依油田九区某VHSD开发单元为例,采用数值模拟方法分析了在氮气辅助VHSD开发过程中注氮时机、注氮方式、注氮量等参数对提压增能、建立隔热层的影响,以及采出速度和累计注采的变化特点。研究表明,转驱泄初期采用段塞方式注入氮气可有效建立隔热层;矿场试验表明,井组油汽比提升0.025,日产油提升0.7 t,取得了较好的应用效果。研究成果为同类型超稠油老区氮气辅助VHSD效益开发提供了技术借鉴。