Analysis of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipe Design Technology

The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.

A cleaner production strategy for acid mine drainage prevention of waste rock:A porphyry copper case

An in-process technology approach is proposed to identify the source of acid mine drainage(AMD)generation and prevent its formation in a porphyry copper waste rock(WR).Adopting actions before stockpiling the WR enables the establishment of potential contaminants and predicts the more convenient method for AMD prevention.A WR sample was separated into size fractions,and the WR’s net acidgenerating potential was quantified using chemical and mineralogical characterization.The diameter of physical locking of sulfides(DPLS)was determined,and the fractions below the DPLS were desulfurized using flotation.Finally,the WR fractions and tailing from the flotation test were submitted to acid-base accounting and weathering tests to evaluate their acid-generating potential.Results show that the WR’s main sulfide mineral is pyrite,and the DPLS was defined as 850μm.A sulfide recovery of 91%was achieved using a combination of HydroFloat^(®)and Denver cells for a size fraction lower than DPLS.No grinding was conducted.The results show that size fractions greater than DPLS and the desulfurized WR are unlikely to produce AMD.The outcomes show that in-processing technology can be a more proactive approach and an effective tool for avoiding AMD in a porphyry copper WR.

Experimental investigation on the invert stability of operating railway tunnels with different drainage systems using 3D printing technology

In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure(EWP). By means of a threedimensional(3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system(TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system(ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice,including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 k Pa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.

Energy-saving Technology Application in Building Water Supply and Drainage Construction

Under the increasing demands as well as resource shortages in today’s society,energy-saving technologies in building water supply and drainage construction plays a vital role.Through the rational application of energy-saving technologies,energy consumption in water supply and drainage projects can be significantly minimized and wastage of water resources can be reduced.This will play a very promising role in promoting sustainable development of resources and environmental conservation in the modern era.This paper analyzes the application of energy-saving technology in building water supply and drainage construction,with an aspiration to make energy-saving technology more reasonable in today’s building water supply and drainage projects and to improve the quality of water supply and drainage construction projects,while achieving effective environmental protection.

Energy and Water Conservation Technology Analysis of Water Supply and Drainage of the Building

At present,China’s social and economic development is faster and faster.At the same time,people pay more and more attention to the construction concept of energy and water conservation.We can see the popularization and development of the concept of energy saving and water saving in every major field of our country,the same is true in the construction field.In order to effectively protect the ecological environment and maximize the use of limited resources,the energysaving and water-saving technology of the building,as well as water supply and drainage technology should be actively used.Based on this,this paper first analyzes the application significance of water supplydrainage and energy-water conservation technology in the construction field,analyzes the current situation of water supply and drainage in China,and proposes the application of water supply-drainage and energy-water conservation technology of the building for reference.

Principle and engineering application of pressure relief gas drainage in low permeability outburst coal seam

With the increase in mining depth, the danger of coal and gas outbursts increases.In order to drain coal gas effectively and to eliminate the risk of coal and gas outbursts, we used a specific number of penetration boreholes for draining of pressure relief gas.Based on the principle of overlying strata movement, deformation and pressure relief, a good effect of gas drainage was obtained.The practice in the Panyi coal mine has shown that, after mining the C11coal seam as the protective layer, the relative expansion deformation value of the protected layer C13 reached 2.63%, The permeability coefficient increased 2880 times, the gas drainage rate of the C13 coal seam increased to more than 60%, the amount of gas was reduced from 13.0 to 5.2 m3/t and the gas pressure declined from 4.4 to 0.4 MPa, which caused the danger the outbursts in the coal seams to be eliminated.The result was that we achieved a safe and highly efficient mining operation of the C13 coal seam.

Evolution and application of in-seam drilling for gas drainage

The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground ventilation.The drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment underground.Early practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling available.This form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas drainage.Research into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to continue.Surveying technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time delays.This allowed improved directional control and increased drilling rates.Directional drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage drilling.Exploration was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long boreholes.The ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been established.Directional drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing support.Experienced drilling crews can offer site specifc gas drainage drilling services utilising the latest equipment and technology.

Effect of Ilizarov external fixation combined with negative pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics in the treatment of infective tibial nonunion

Objective:Observation on the effect of Ilizarov external fixation combined with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics in the treatment of infective tibial nonunion.Methods:79 patients with tibial infective nonunion who were treated in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2018 were divided into two groups according to random number table,with 39 patients in the control group treated with Ilizarov external fixation technology and 40 patients in the study group treated with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics on the basis of the control group.Bone healing time and daily walking were recorded.Rasmussen score,serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and IL-6 levels,lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score were compared at different time.Results:The daily walking condition of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the healing time of bone was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05);the Rasmussen score of the study group was higher than that of the control group at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after treatment(P<0.05);the levels of serum ICAM-1 and IL-6 in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the levels of serum ICAM-1 and IL-6 in the study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.05).The lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score of the study group after treatment were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Ilizarov external fixation combined with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics can promote the bone healing of patients with infective tibial nonunion,significantly improving their daily walking condition,alleviating inflammation,and recovering the knee joint function and lower limb function well.

CFD simulations for longwall gas drainage design optimisation

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coal Mining Abatement Technology Support Package(CMATSP), threedimensional CFD simulations were conducted to test and optimise a conceptual design which proposes using horizontal boreholes to replace vertical boreholes at an underground coal mine in Australia.Drainage performance between a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole was first carried out to compare their capacity and effectiveness. Then a series of cases with different horizontal borehole designs were simulated to optimise borehole configuration parameters such as location, diameter, and number of boreholes. The study shows that the horizontal borehole is able to create low pressure sinks that protect the workings from goaf gas ingresses by changing goaf gas flow directions, and that it has the advantage to continuously maintain such low pressure sinks near the tailgate as the longwall advances. An example of optimising horizontal borehole locations in the longwall lateral direction is also given in this paper.

Analysis of HDPE Pipe Construction Process in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Construction

The construction of water supply and drainage pipelines is a very important part of municipal construction.The construction of HDPE pipe has been widely used in the construction field of water supply and drainage pipelines due to its many advantages.Therefore,the construction process of HDPE pipe has also been studied more and more in the construction of municipal water supply and drainage,which is of great significance for the application of HDPE in municipal water supply and drainage construction.This paper analyzes the HDPE pipe construction process of municipal water supply and drainage construction workers,and hopes to help the good application of HDPE pipe and the improvement of municipal water supply and drainage construction quality.

西南水稻主产区用水现状与绿色高效灌排技术

西南水稻主产区面临季节性干旱、工程性缺水等生产问题,绿色高效灌排技术是该区域实现节水稳产增效的关键举措,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了包括云南省、贵州省、四川省、重庆市在内的西南地区水稻生产用水现状和灌排技术现状,阐述了西南水稻主产区绿色高效灌排体系的基本特征、绿色高效灌排的具体技术类型,提出了由稻田精准需水预报、灌区精量配水管理、田间高效用水管理、田间高效排水管理构成的绿色高效灌排技术模式。研究发现,西南水稻主产区水资源丰富但时空分布不均,节水灌溉和排水技术落后且对各地区气候条件、水资源量、地形的适用性有较大差异。建议研发稻田灌排高效协同调控新技术、推广绿色高效灌排技术体系、优化稻田水肥运筹模式、开发稻田智能灌排与信息化管理系统、构建水稻绿色高效灌排技术多维推广体系,据此推动西南水稻主产区节水提质增效与绿色减污降排多赢。

新疆油田浅层超稠油SAGD高效低碳开发技术研究与展望

针对“双碳”目标背景下超稠油开发高能耗与油田高质量发展矛盾日益加剧的问题,新疆油田通过SAGD机理研究与现场实践,在维持蒸汽腔高效扩展,突破储层渗流屏障遮挡,提高浅薄层驱泄复合效率,实现水平井长水平段高效均衡产液等方面持续攻关,取得显著效果。采用气体辅助技术,实现蒸汽腔隔热保压增能,油汽比可提高20%;利用立体井网及储层升级扩容技术,改善Ⅲ类超稠油油藏渗流特征,泄油速度可增大20%~40%;采用全密闭生产方式,VHSD产液温度由100℃上升至150℃,采油速度提高50%;深化热采流量控制器(FCD)机理研究,完善油藏-井筒耦合优化设计方法,水平井水平段动用程度可提高20%。“十四五”期间,新疆油田将深化溶剂辅助SAGD、无水SAGD和控温水热裂解等技术研究,逐步完善浅层超稠油低碳高效开发技术系列,该研究可为稠油油藏开发提供借鉴。

钻爆法公路隧道防排水技术发展综述

为研究钻爆法公路隧道防排水技术的发展趋势和未来方向,系统梳理了防排水技术的发展历程、技术要求、设计施工和维护技术等内容,并对需要关注的问题及下一步发展方向进行展望。结果表明:按照隧道建设的技术发展水平,防排水技术可划分为圬工时代和后混凝土时代,已实现原则指导、设计优化、材料革新、施工控制、标准保障及运营维护的基本构架;中国在新修订的规范中增补了隧道渗漏水量化标准,使防水等级规定更具客观性、科学性;从防排水系统构造形式的对比情况看,控制排水型隧道能兼顾隧道衬砌水压力和维护隧道区生态平衡等多方面需求;钻爆法隧道防排水技术虽然增加了一些可维护性设计,但仍以功能性设计为主,且现有技术难以满足防排水系统的维护需求。应当注意:防排水技术是一个系统性问题,需要建立基于全寿命周期的建管养一体化防排水体系,并对防排水系统选型和控制型防排水技术进行系统性研究,通过对全寿命周期内隧道排水的环境影响进行分析评价,确定合理的防排水构造型式;另外,需加强防排水系统优化及新工艺研究,加快新型防排水材料的开发;同时要加强维护技术研究,尤其是可维护性技术和修复性技术研究。

高含水致密凝析气藏稳产技术应用——以四川盆地安岳气田须家河组气藏为例

四川盆地安岳气田上三叠统须家河组二段气藏为低孔、低渗、有水、中含凝析油、弹性气驱、高压岩性圈闭的砂岩气藏,气藏底水能量充足。针对气井生产过程中受地层水水侵和反凝析污染影响造成稳产难度较大的情况,结合储层及气井产液特征,开展有水凝析气井稳产技术应用实践,分析并总结应用实践经验和成果,选取了应用效果较好的注气吞吐、电潜泵排水、车载压缩机气举、柱塞气举排液和自动化开关井5种稳产技术。结果表明:①针对储层反凝析液伤害,形成单井注气吞吐技术应用选井原则;②针对气藏水体赋存特征和水侵模式特征,调整气藏排水采气对策思路,采用电潜泵排水技术和车载压缩机气举技术;③针对地层压力低、举升能量不足,优化油、气、水三相流动条件下的柱塞气举排液技术;④针对低压间歇生产井采用自动化开关井技术,增加生产效率,降低人工成本。对5种主要稳产技术的应用情况进行了分析评价,认为一系列稳产技术的应用有助于安岳气田须二段气藏稳定生产,为类似高含水致密凝析气藏的稳产提供了借鉴和参考。

电动土工塑料排水板修复重金属污染高岭土试验研究

针对重金属锌和镉污染的低渗透性高岭土,采用电动土工塑料排水板(EKG)作为电极材料,通过自制模型试验装置研究了电动修复中电势梯度、通电时间、含水率对重金属去除率的影响,确定电动修复的最优试验条件。在最优试验条件下,开展了电极材料、电势梯度对不同种类重金属去除效果影响的试验研究。结果表明:随着修复时间的增长,阳极处重金属污染物逐渐减少,阴极处重金属污染物富集逐渐增加;试验条件相同情况下,重金属污染物Cd的除去率明显高于Zn;电势梯度越大,重金属Zn离子的去除率越高;电动土工塑料排水板作为电极的电动修复重金属污染土的效果要优于石墨电极。研究有助于揭示电动修复重金属污染土的效果和机理,为电动生态环境修复技术的应用提供技术支持。

建筑给排水系统节能节水技术分析

随着全球水资源短缺及环境污染问题日益严峻,开展建筑给排水系统节能节水技术应用研究显得尤为重要。目前,针对给排水系统节能节水技术的研究已有很多,但很少有研究涉及该技术在建筑工程中的应用及效果评估。在明确建筑给排水系统相关概念及其重要性的基础上,阐述给排水节能节水技术的应用原则,并结合具体案例深度剖析给排水建筑节能节水技术的应用实际,从中水回用系统、雨水收集再利用系统、变频泵站、节水型卫生洁具等应用层面出发,评价节能节水技术的实际应用效果。结果表明,这些技术的有效应用可显著降低水资源消耗,减少能源使用,提高给排水系统的稳定性。

负压封闭引流技术在Ⅲ级暴露犬咬伤创面处理中的应用

目的 探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在Ⅲ级暴露犬咬伤创面的治疗效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2023年12月在郑州大学第五附属医院接受治疗的90例Ⅲ级暴露犬咬伤创面患者,以随机数字表法分为研究组(n=45)与对照组(n=45),研究组采用常规清创结合VSD治疗,对照组采用常规清创、换药治疗,对两组临床相关指标、疼痛程度、各时间段C反应蛋白(CRP)、并发症发生率进行比较。结果 研究组换药次数较对照组少,二期缝合、肿胀消退、创面愈合及住院时间短,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);研究组换药时疼痛评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组治疗前、治疗后1 d CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),治疗后2 d两组CRP水平均达到最高值,治疗后2~5 d研究组CRP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);随访6个月,研究组并发症发生率(8.89%)低于对照组(24.44%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 Ⅲ级暴露犬咬伤创面应用常规清创结合VSD进行治疗,能够缩短创面愈合时间,减轻患者疼痛,降低创面感染等并发症发生率。

“建筑给排水施工技术”课程思政建设探索与实践

“建筑给排水施工技术”课程作为一门实践性较强的核心专业课程,实施课程思政教育具有重要意义,但在实施过程中挖掘思政元素、课堂无声融入和完善评价体系等需要厘清思路和整合资源。基于课程内容,融合职业教育和岗位特点,结合教学实践经验和前期建设成果,提出从四维度明确育人目标,深挖思政元素,对课程的思政教学目标、思政元素挖掘方式、思政元素映射与融入点和评价体系、预期成效等进行研究,总结出课程思政的有效路径,以期培养更多德才兼备的技能人才。

城镇排水管道CIPP紫外光固化修复技术工程应用

CIPP紫外光固化非开挖管道修复技术采用树脂体系和玻璃纤维织物组合的内衬管材料,耐腐蚀性强、强度高、抗冲刷能力强、自动化程度高、全程可视化控制、施工流程简单、效率高、施工风险低,是目前极具发展前景的非开挖修复技术。结合重庆市渝北城区环境综合治理PPP项目排水管道修复工程案例,详细介绍了CIPP紫外光固化技术原理、材料质量控制、施工工艺流程、原管道缺陷预处理、褶皱缺陷分析、施工质量控制及工程造价分析。

强震多发区液化地基均质坝抗震除险加固研究

鉴于强震多发区液化地基均质坝缺乏完整的抗震体系结构,坝体经常遭受地震破坏。为了提高坝体的整体抗震性能,以新疆西克尔水库为研究对象,对震害成因进行了分析,从提高坝体自身抗震、抑制孔隙水压力上升、抑制孔隙水侧向流动、提高止水适应性等方面进行了系统研究,提出了固-抑-束-补系统结合的液化地基土石坝抗震加固方法,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对抗震措施的有效性进行了验证分析。结果表明所采用的抗震体系结构能够有效抵御地震对坝体和建筑物的破坏,对类似工程具有良好的借鉴意义。