Coulomb-assisted nonlocal electron transport between two pairs of Majorana bound states in a superconducting island

We investigate the nonlocal transport modulated by Coulomb interactions in devices comprising two interacting Majorana wires,where both nanowires are in proximity to a mesoscopic superconducting(SC)island.Each Majorana bound state(MBS)is coupled to one lead via a quantum dot with resonant levels.In this device,the nonlocal correlations can be induced in the absence of Majorana energy splitting.We find that the negative differential conductance and giant current noise cross correlation could be induced,due to the interplay between nonlocality of MBSs and dynamical Coulomb blockade effect.This feature may provide a signature for the existence of the MBSs.

Theoretical Investigation on the Low-Lying States of LaP Molecule

The completely unexplored LaP molecule is investigated by ab initio methods. Potential energy curves for the lowlying states of LaP are constructed by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method combined with three different trial functions. Spectroscopic constants are also numerically derived and the ground state is assigned, looking forward to experimental comparisons. Moreover, variations of the permanent dipole moments as a function of the internuclear separation for the two lowest states of the diatomic LaP are studied and analyzed.

AB INITIO STUDY OF LOW-LYING ELECTRONIC STATES OF THE AsH_2 RADICAL

The equilibrium geometries,excitation energies,force constants and vibrational frequencies for the low-ly- ing electronic states X ~2B_1,~2A_1,~2B_2 and ~2A_2 of the AsH_2 radical have been calculated at the MRSDCI level with a 3-21G~* basis set.Our calculated geometries,excitation enegies and vibional frequencies for the X ~2B_1 and ~2A_1 states are in good agreement with available experimental data.The electronic transition dipole mo- ments,oscillator strengths for the ~2A_1→X ~2B_1 and ~2A_2→X ~2B_1 transitions,radiative lifetimes for the ~2A_1 and ~2A_2 states are calculated based on the MRSDC^1 wavefunctions,predicting results in reasonable agreement with available experiment.

Effect of Electron Correlation and Breit Interaction on Energies, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Rates for Low-Lying States of Helium

The transition energies, E1 transitional oscillator strengths of the spin-allowed as well as the spin-forbidden and the corresponding transition rates, and complete M1, E2, M2 forbidden transition rates for 1s^(2), 1s2s, and 1s2p states of He I, are investigated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. In the subsequent relativistic configuration interaction computations, the Breit interaction and the QED effect are considered as perturbation, separately. Our transition energies, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical results. As a result, the QED effect is not important for helium atoms, however, the effect of the Breit interaction plays a significant role in the transition energies, the oscillator strengths and transition rates.

A SCF-SOCI STUDY ON THE LOW-LYING STATES OF H_3^+

The ground state and three low-lying states of the H_3^+ are determined by SOCI(Second Order Configuration Interaction) calculations. The results indicate that the ~3Σ_u^+ state of H_3^+ 3 is a bound state, but ~1A_1 and ~3A_1 states are not stable, each of them will dissociate into H_2^+ and H atom. The SOCI energy -1.1144065au at an equidistant nuclear separation of 1.296A is in good agreement with the lowest value reported so far.

MRSDCI STUDIES OF LOW-LYING ELECTRONIC STATES OF THE N_2F^+ MOLECULE

Ab initio electronic structure calculations are reported for low-lying electronic states,X ~1Σ^+and A ~1Π of the N_2F^+ molecule.Geometric parameters for the ground state X ~1Σ^+ are predicted by means of mul- tireference single and double excitation configuration interaction(MRSDCI)calculations with a double zeta plus polarization(DZ+P)basis set.Vertical excitation energy for these two electronic states is determined using MRSDCI/DZ+P calculations at the ground state equilibrium geometry.The oscillator strength for the X^1Σ+→ A ~1Π transition and the radiative lifetime for the A^1Π state are calculated based on the MRSDCI wavefunc- tions.

2-2 Lifetime Measurements of the Low-lying Excited States in 87 Zr and 87 Nb

Lifetime measurements of low-lying excited states in 87Zr and 87Nb have been performed via and coincidences. The 124 MeV 32S beam was delivered from the Sector-Focusing Cyclotron (SFC) of the Heavy Ion R-esearch Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The parent nuclei 87Nb and 87Mo were produced by the respective reactions 58Ni (32S, 3p) and 58Ni (32S, 2p1n), at a beam energy 100 MeV through the 8 m Al degrader.

Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

Iterative solutions for low lying excited states of a class of SchrSdinger equation

The convergent iterative procedure for solving the groundstate Schrodinger equation is extended to derive the excitation energy and the wavefunction of the low-lying excited states. The method is applied to the one-dimensional quartic potential problem. The results show that the iterative solution converges rapidly when the coupling g is not too small.

Climate Refugee and Disappearing States： In Need for a New Legal Regime？

Climate change brings unprecedented challenges to both the international community as well as international law. For example, extreme weather conditions might cause States to disappear and force its populations to migrate. These phenomenon creates new challenges for current international law. First, under current legal frameworks, there is no provision regarding the disappearance of a State due to climate change. Second, for people who are forced to migrate due to climate change whether caused internally or internationally, current legal framework is also unclear to whether they could be classified as refugees and to what extent should they be protected. Despite these uncertainties, people of these endangered States cannot be left to fend themselves simply because there is a legal vacuum. This paper proposes a way forward for to meet this challenge and urge the international community to use this opportunity to refine the currently existing legal regime in order to solve the various challenges posed by climate change.

一种考虑随机通信时延的微网二次电压控制方法

针对具有随机通信时延的孤岛微网二次电压恢复问题,提出了一种分布式协作一致性算法.首先建立了孤岛微网模型,定性分析了具有随机通信时延的微网系统二次电压恢复机理,引入分布式观测器对系统状态进行估计,提出了一种分布式一致性协作控制方法.然后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和Schur补原理,得到了随机通信时变时延系统在外部输入为零和不为零两种情况下渐近收敛一致的充分性条件.所提出的控制方法提高了孤岛微网系统的抗扰动能力,满足了闭环系统的稳定性和可靠性要求.最后对微网系统的性能进行仿真验证,证明了定理的可行性和正确性.

分区互联配电网异步孤岛模式切换策略研究

大规模分布式电源的存在允许配电网通过网络重构改变供电方式,实现部分区域在必要时刻以异步孤岛形式运行。但配电网运行方式的改变必然伴随着关键换流器控制模式的切换和参数的调整,如何平稳地实现配电分区在并网和孤岛之间的转换是实现有源配电网安全可靠运行的重要内容。针对通过软开关(soft open point,SOP)实现柔性互联的配电分区,分析了该系统由并网转为异步孤岛运行的暂态特性,提出了基于参考功率自适应的改进下垂控制策略,并采用状态跟踪方法降低了配电网运行状态切换时刻的暂态波动,实现了配电网运行方式的平滑切换。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下搭建了仿真模型进行验证,结果表明,所提控制方法可有效提升分区互联有源配电网运行的灵活性。

Photoluminescent nickel(Ⅱ)carbene complexes with ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states

While nickel(II)complexes have been widely used as catalysts for carbon-carbon coupling reactions,the exploration of their photophysical and photochemical properties is still in the infancy.Here,a series of square-planar Ni(II)complexes[(diNHC)NiX2]bearing chelating benzimidazole-based bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)ligands and varying anionic coligands(1,X=Cl;2,X=Br;3,X=I)are synthesized and structurally characterized.In solid state,both 1 and 2 exhibit orange-red photoluminescence under ambient conditions.The photophysical and electrochemical measurements along with density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the low-energy emissions can be attributed to singlet excited states with ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer(LLCT)character.This work suggests that strong-field N-heterocyclic carbene ligands play a crucial role to achieve the luminescence of Ni(II)complexes.

日本应对中日海上争端的机制与措施

日本注重危机管理,形成了一套综合性国家危机管理体制。海上危机管理不仅是日本国家安全保障的重点内容,也是其扩大海洋权益的重要抓手。海上争端是影响中日两国关系的重大问题,一旦越过红线有爆发危机甚至战争的可能性。受地区安全局势、日美同盟战略及自身发展利益的影响,日本针对中日海上争端设置了一系列假想事态和危机应对流程。研究日本应对中日海上争端的防卫动向与危机管理机制十分重要。

大国对小岛屿国家气候援助的实践及影响:以“澳图条约”为视角

气候变化已经成为小岛屿国家最关切的议题之一,但多数小岛屿国家受限于其发展程度,只能依赖他国援助和支持以应对气候变化产生的影响。近年以来,这种需求正在变得愈发迫切。在2023年11月签订的“澳—图睦邻联盟条约(Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty)”(以下简称“澳图条约”)中,图瓦卢以包括允许澳大利亚介入其外交和安全事务在内的高昂代价,换取澳大利亚的气候援助承诺。气候变化对小岛屿国家国际法人格和海洋权利的潜在影响,是理解双方合意缔结该条约真实动因的重要切入点。更为值得关注的是,“澳图条约”反映着部分大国以气候援助为支点,愈发深入地介入小岛屿国家内外事务的实践趋向。倘若类似“气候合作”由个例演变成固定的范式,大国将不断扩张在小岛屿国家的势力范围,其他小岛屿国家也将不得不为自身的生存而寻找大国的庇护,小岛屿国家为对抗大国控制而建立的区域组织也将被瓦解,进而彻底改变目前太平洋地区的地缘政治格局。大国与小岛屿国家应对气候变化的博弈,将对我国与小岛屿国家的深度合作产生潜在影响。有鉴于此,中国应从尊重国家主权和独立自主的基本立场出发,坚决抵制以气候合作为名干涉小岛屿国家内外事务的做法,并积极为小岛屿国家提供针对性的气候变化应对方案,推动前瞻性的“气候外交”布局。

微电网孤岛运行工况下DT模型自适应迁移方法

微电网在孤岛运行工况变化情况下,会造成数字孪生(DT)模型迁移时无法准确匹配源域模型,从而导致迁移效率偏低等问题。为此,研究提出微电网孤岛运行工况变化场景下的数字孪生模型自适应迁移方法。通过分析微电网在孤岛运行工况下的运行特点,建立数字孪生模型,利用微电网孤岛运行工况的时变性,匹配计算源域模型,并通过缩小不同微电网孤岛运行工况下的源域数据分布差异,实现数字孪生模型的自适应迁移。实验结果表明,电流负载、实际电流等部分特征数据迁移效果较好,且具有较高迁移效率,验证了所提迁移方法可以适应不同微电网孤岛运行工况,具有较好的实用性。

基于改进Adaboost算法的分布式光伏发电孤岛检测方法

由于分布式光伏发电具有随机性与不确定性,导致电力系统日常运行中极易出现孤岛效应,影响系统安全与稳定,文章提出基于改进Adaboost算法的分布式光伏发电孤岛检测方法。采集并预处理分布式光伏发电系统的PCC点电压信号,提取PCC点电压信号的小波包能量熵作为信号特征,构建改进的improved-Adaboost分类器,输入信号特征,输出分布式光伏发电孤岛状态的检测结果。实验结果表明:该设计方法不仅可以实现分布式光伏发电孤岛的100%正确检测,且能够满足相关标准对孤岛检测时间的要求。

A novel planar vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with inhomogeneous floating islands

A novel planar vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor （VDMOS） structure with an ultra-low specific on-resistance （Ron,sp）, whose distinctive feature is the use of inhomogeneous floating p-islands in the n-drift region, is proposed. The theoretical limit of its Ron,sp is deduced, the influence of structure parameters on the breakdown voltage （BV） and Ron,sp are investigated, and the optimized results with BV of 83 V and Ron,sp of 54 mΩ.mm2 are obtained. Simulations show that the inhomogeneous-floating-islands metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （MOSFET） has a superior ＂Ron,sp/BV＂ trade-off to the conventional VDMOS （a 38% reduction of Ron,sp with the same BV） and the homogeneous-floating-islands MOSFET （a 10% reduction of Ron,sp with the same BV）. The inhomogeneous-floatingislands MOSFET also has a much better body-diode characteristic than the superjunction MOSFET. Its reverse recovery peak current, reverse recovery time and reverse recovery charge are about 50, 80 and 40% of those of the superjunction MOSFET, respectively.

气候变化对低海拔岛屿国家土地退化的影响评析

2022年11月,阿拉伯埃及共和国政府主办了联合国气候变化框架公约第27届缔约方会议(COP27),以期在以往成功的基础上再接再厉,为未来有效解决气候变化的全球挑战。随着世界从谈判转向实施,将《巴黎协定》的言辞转化为实际行动,帮助发展中国家适应气候变化至关重要。随着全球气候变化加剧带来的海平面上升和土地退化等问题,低海拔岛屿国家的生存和发展正在面临危机。本文以土地退化为视角,着力分析气候变化对低海拔岛屿国家所产生的影响,以及未来应如何应对有关危机和挑战。

论核污染损害的国际索赔问题——马绍尔群岛对美国索赔的实践及启示

马绍尔群岛因美国核试验而受到的污染损害被称为世界上最严重的人道主义灾难之一,但它的悲惨遭遇直到20世纪80—90年代才被国际社会知晓。自20世纪80年代初争取独立建国开始,马绍尔群岛岛民及政府在几十年内,几乎穷尽了国内外的各种政治与法律途径对美索赔。索赔取得了一定效果,但美国的赔偿金额远未实现对马绍尔群岛实际损害的足额补偿。马绍尔群岛所经历的索赔程序和运用的索赔方法,具有重要的经验价值。梳理马绍尔群岛对美索赔的路径与方法,可以管窥核污染损害国际索赔涉及的主要问题。鉴于日本排放福岛核污染水可能造成海洋污染损害,探讨核污染损害的国际索赔实践更具紧迫性。