AIM： To investigate the ocular biodistribution and clearance of topically administered 7-taurocholic acid conjugated low-molecular weight heparin（LHT7） in a neovascularized mouse cornea using an in vivo optical ima...AIM： To investigate the ocular biodistribution and clearance of topically administered 7-taurocholic acid conjugated low-molecular weight heparin（LHT7） in a neovascularized mouse cornea using an in vivo optical imaging system. METHODS： A total of 10 eyes of 6 to 8-week-old BALB/c mice were analyzed. Corneal neovascularization（CoNV） was induced in the inferior cornea（IC） of each animal by penetrating the stroma with two interrupted sutures. The development of CoNV was verified after one week and the area of each neovascularized region was measured. A near-infrared fluorescent probe of 20 μmol/L Cy5.5 labeled LHT7（LHT7-Cy5.5） in 0.02 mL solution was topically instilled onto the cornea in the experimental group（n=5）. Free-Cy5.5 of 20 μmol/L in 0.02 mL was instilled in the control group（n=5）. In vivo optical images were obtained before instillation and 5 min, 2, 4, and 6 h after instillation. The intensities were separately measured at the superior cornea（SC） and the IC. RESULTS： The mean CoNV areas were 1.97±0.17 mm^2 and 1.92±0.96 mm^2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively（P=0.832）. The SC remained normal in all 10 subject animals. The IC intensity of the LHT7-Cy5.5 was greater than the SC intensity at 5 min（P=0.038）, 2 h（P=0.041）, and 4 h（P=0.041） after application. The IC intensity fell to less than half of its initial value（42.9%±8.6%） at 6 h in the experimental group. In the control mice, here were no significant differences in the free-Cy5.5 intensity between the IC and SC. CONCLUSION： Topically administered LHT7 shows a high biodistribution in CoNV areas for 4 h and should be reapplied accordingly to maintain its effects. In vivo optical imaging can be a useful tool for evaluating the ocular biodistribution of a drug in an animal model.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased...Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased morbidity,mortality and significant health care costs.The management of VTE is particularly challenging in these frail patients.Adequate selection of the most appropriate anticoagulant for each individual patient according to the current international guidelines is warranted for overcoming treatment challenges.The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer multi-language web-based mobile application(downloadable for free at www.itaccme.com)has been developed to help clinicians in decision making in the most complex situations.In this narrative review,we will discuss the contemporary epidemiology and burden of VTE in PC patients,the performances and limitations of current risk assessment models to predict the risk of VTE,as well as evidence from recent clinical trials for the primary prophylaxis and treatment of cancer-associated VTE that support updated clinical practice guidelines.展开更多
BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)is a condition caused by hemodynamic disorders.It may be noted in the portal vein system when there is an inflammatory stimulus in the abdominal cavity.However,PVT is rarely repor...BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)is a condition caused by hemodynamic disorders.It may be noted in the portal vein system when there is an inflammatory stimulus in the abdominal cavity.However,PVT is rarely reported after hepatectomy.At present,related guidelines and major expert opinions tend to consider vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular weight heparin(LMWH)as the standard treatment.But based on research,direct oral anticoagulants may be more effective and safe for noncirrhotic PVT and are also beneficial by reducing the recurrence rate of PVT.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman without any history of disease felt discomfort in her right upper abdomen for 20 d,with worsening for 7 d.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)of the upper abdomen showed right liver intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases but not to the left liver.Therefore,she underwent right hepatic and caudate lobectomy.One week after surgery,the patient underwent a CECT scan,due to nausea,vomiting,and abdominal distension.Thrombosis in the left branch and main trunk of the portal vein and near the confluence of the splenic vein was found.After using LMWH for 22 d,CECT showed no filling defect in the portal vein system.CONCLUSION Although PVT after hepatectomy is rare,it needs to be prevented during the perioperative period.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant(No.2016-7026)from the Asan Institute for Life Science,Seoul,Republic of Korea
文摘AIM： To investigate the ocular biodistribution and clearance of topically administered 7-taurocholic acid conjugated low-molecular weight heparin（LHT7） in a neovascularized mouse cornea using an in vivo optical imaging system. METHODS： A total of 10 eyes of 6 to 8-week-old BALB/c mice were analyzed. Corneal neovascularization（CoNV） was induced in the inferior cornea（IC） of each animal by penetrating the stroma with two interrupted sutures. The development of CoNV was verified after one week and the area of each neovascularized region was measured. A near-infrared fluorescent probe of 20 μmol/L Cy5.5 labeled LHT7（LHT7-Cy5.5） in 0.02 mL solution was topically instilled onto the cornea in the experimental group（n=5）. Free-Cy5.5 of 20 μmol/L in 0.02 mL was instilled in the control group（n=5）. In vivo optical images were obtained before instillation and 5 min, 2, 4, and 6 h after instillation. The intensities were separately measured at the superior cornea（SC） and the IC. RESULTS： The mean CoNV areas were 1.97±0.17 mm^2 and 1.92±0.96 mm^2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively（P=0.832）. The SC remained normal in all 10 subject animals. The IC intensity of the LHT7-Cy5.5 was greater than the SC intensity at 5 min（P=0.038）, 2 h（P=0.041）, and 4 h（P=0.041） after application. The IC intensity fell to less than half of its initial value（42.9%±8.6%） at 6 h in the experimental group. In the control mice, here were no significant differences in the free-Cy5.5 intensity between the IC and SC. CONCLUSION： Topically administered LHT7 shows a high biodistribution in CoNV areas for 4 h and should be reapplied accordingly to maintain its effects. In vivo optical imaging can be a useful tool for evaluating the ocular biodistribution of a drug in an animal model.
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased morbidity,mortality and significant health care costs.The management of VTE is particularly challenging in these frail patients.Adequate selection of the most appropriate anticoagulant for each individual patient according to the current international guidelines is warranted for overcoming treatment challenges.The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer multi-language web-based mobile application(downloadable for free at www.itaccme.com)has been developed to help clinicians in decision making in the most complex situations.In this narrative review,we will discuss the contemporary epidemiology and burden of VTE in PC patients,the performances and limitations of current risk assessment models to predict the risk of VTE,as well as evidence from recent clinical trials for the primary prophylaxis and treatment of cancer-associated VTE that support updated clinical practice guidelines.
文摘BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)is a condition caused by hemodynamic disorders.It may be noted in the portal vein system when there is an inflammatory stimulus in the abdominal cavity.However,PVT is rarely reported after hepatectomy.At present,related guidelines and major expert opinions tend to consider vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular weight heparin(LMWH)as the standard treatment.But based on research,direct oral anticoagulants may be more effective and safe for noncirrhotic PVT and are also beneficial by reducing the recurrence rate of PVT.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman without any history of disease felt discomfort in her right upper abdomen for 20 d,with worsening for 7 d.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)of the upper abdomen showed right liver intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases but not to the left liver.Therefore,she underwent right hepatic and caudate lobectomy.One week after surgery,the patient underwent a CECT scan,due to nausea,vomiting,and abdominal distension.Thrombosis in the left branch and main trunk of the portal vein and near the confluence of the splenic vein was found.After using LMWH for 22 d,CECT showed no filling defect in the portal vein system.CONCLUSION Although PVT after hepatectomy is rare,it needs to be prevented during the perioperative period.
