Gyroscopic modes decoupling method in parametric instability analysis of gyroscopic systems

Traditional procedures to treat vibrations of gyroscopic continua involve direct application of perturbation methods to a system with both a strong gyroscopic term and other weakly coupled terms.In this study,a gyroscopic modes decoupling method is used to obtain an equivalent system with decoupled gyroscopic modes having only weak couplings.Taking the axially moving string as an example,the instability boundaries in the vicinity of parametric resonances are detected using both the traditional coupled gyroscopic system and our system with decoupled gyroscopic modes,and the results are compared to show the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Effect of wall-cooling on Mack-mode instability in high speed flat-plate boundary layers

The instability of the Mack mode is destabilized by wall-cooling in a high speed boundary layer. The aim of this paper is to study the mechanism of the wall cooling effect on the Mack mode instability by numerical methods. It is shown that the wall-cooling can destabilize the Mack mode instability, similar to the previous conclusions with the exception that the Mack mode instability can be stabilized by wall-cooling if the wall temperature is extremely low. The reversed wall temperature is related to a freestream condition. If the Mach number increases to a large enough value, e.g., about 7, the reversed wall temperature will tend to be zero. It seems that the Mack mode instability is determined by the region between the boundary layer edge and the critical layer. When the wall temperature decreases, this region becomes wider, and the boundary layer becomes more unstable. Additionally, a relative supersonic unstable mode can be observed when the velocity of the critical layer is less than 1 - liMa or is cancelled by the wall-cooling effect. These results provide a deeper understanding on the wall-cooling effect in high speed boundary layers.

Mode coupling in nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

This paper investigates the interaction of a small number of modes in the two-fluid Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the nonlinear regime by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic code. This interaction is found to be relatively long range in wave-number space and also it acts in both directions, i.e. short wavelengths affect long wavelengths and vice versa. There is no simple equivalent transformation from a band of similar modes to one mode representing their effective amplitude. Three distinct stages of interaction have been identified.

Generation of VLF Mode Instability by Generalized Distribution Function in the Presence of Parallel AC Electric Field in Uranus

VLF （very low frequency） mode instability with parallel AC electric field was studied for generalized loss-cone distribution with an index j, which is reducible to bi-Maxwellian, loss- cone and delta function for j = 0, 1 and co. The particle trajectories and dispersion relation are obtained through a kinetic approach and method of characteristic solutions. The calculations are compared with the observations of low frequency waves of Voyager 2. The growth rate of plasma parameters suited to magnetosphere of Uranus is obtained. It is inferred that the magnitude as well as frequency of AC （alternating current） field increases the growth rate and widen the band width significantly. In addition to temperature anisotropy, particles in plasma having generalized loss-cone distribution provide an additional source of energy.

Experiments of Brittle-Plastic Transition and Instability Modes of Juyongguan Granite at Different Temperatures and Pressures

Three groups of experiments on brittle-plastic transition and instability modes of granite were performed in a triaxial vessel with solid pressure medium at high temperature and high pressure. The results of experiments show that brittle faulting is the major failure mode at temperature <300℃, but crystal-plastic deformation is dominate at temperature >800℃, and there is a transition with increasing temperature from semi-brittle faulting to cataclastic flow and semi-brittle flow at temperatures of 300～800℃. So, temperature is the most influential factor in brittle-plastic transition of granite and confining pressure is the second factor. The results also show that progressive failure of granite occurs at lower pressure or high temperature where there is crystal plasticity, and sudden instability occurs at room temperature and high pressure (>300MPa) or high temperature and great pressure(550℃600MPa ～650℃700MPa), and a broad regime of quasi-sudden instability exists between the T-P condition of progressive failure and sudden instability. So, instability modes of granite depend simultaneously on the pressure and temperature.

Effects of resonant magnetic perturbation on the instability of single tearing mode with non-shear flow

Non-shear flow can change the O-point position of a magnetic island, and thus it may play an important role in the effects of resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP) on the single tearing mode. We employ the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics model in a slab geometry to investigate how RMP affects the single tearing mode instability with non-shear flow. It is found that the driving and suppressing effects of RMP on single tearing mode instability will appear alternately. When the flow velocity is small, the suppressing effect plays a major role through the development of the mode, and the tearing mode instability will be suppressed. With the flow velocity increasing, the driving effect will increase, while the suppressing effect will decrease. When the two effects reach equilibrium, the tearing mode will become stable.

Power of all-fiber amplifier increasing from 1030 W to 2280 W through suppressing mode instability by increasing the seed power

In this work, we investigate suppressing mode instability in detail by varying the seed power in a large mode area all-fiber amplifier with a fiber core diameter of 25 μm. The transverse mode instability(TMI) thresholds are systematically measured for different seed power. Our experimental results reveal that increasing the seed power has a positive influence on enhancing the output power before the TMI effect appears, and finally the TMI threshold is approximately doubled from1030 W to 2280 W when the seed power is increased from 27 W to 875 W. Almost 84.7% slope efficiency is reached with different seed power before the TMI threshold power. During our operation, we also find that in this type of LMA fiber the beam quality of the amplifier is degraded gradually instead of a sudden change as the pump power increases.

Discrete modulational instability and bright localized spin wave modes in easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin chains involving the next-nearest-neighbor coupling

We report a theoretical work on the properties of modulational instability and bright type nonlinear localized modes in one-dimensional easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin lattices involving next-nearest-neighbor couplings.With a linear stability analysis, we calculate the growth rates of the modulational instability, and plot the instability regions.When the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling is large enough, two new asymmetric modulational instability regions appear near the boundary of the first Brillouin zone.Furthermore, analytical forms of the bright nonlinear localized modes are constructed by means of a quasi-discreteness approach.The influence of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling on the Brillouin zone center mode and boundary mode are discussed.In particular, we discover a reversal phenomenon of the propagation direction of the Brillouin zone boundary mode.

Phase Effect on Mode Coupling in Kelvin—Helmholtz Instability for Two-Dimensional Incompressible Fluid

This paper studies the phase effect in mode coupling of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in two-dimensionalincompressible fluid.It is found that there is an important growth phenomenon of every mode in the mode couplingprocess.The growth changes periodically with phase difference and in the condition of our simulation the period is about0.7π.The period characteristic is apparent in all stage of the mode coupling process,especially in the relatively laterstage.

Magnetic diagnostics for magnetohydrodynamic instability research and the detection of locked modes in J-TEXT

Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)instabilities are widely observed during tokamak plasma operation.Magnetic diagnostics provide important information which supports the understanding and control of MHD instabilities.This paper presents the current status of the magnetic diagnostics dedicated to measuring MHD instabilities at the J-TEXT tokamak;the diagnostics consist of five Mirnov probe arrays for measuring high-frequency magnetic perturbations and two saddle-loop arrays for low-frequency magnetic perturbations,such as the locked mode.In recent years,several changes have been made to these arrays.The structure of the probes in the poloidal Mirnov arrays has been optimized to improve their mechanical strength,and the number of in-vessel saddle loops has also been improved to support better spatial resolution.Due to the installation of high-field-side(HFS)divertor targets in early 2019,some of the probes were removed,but an HFS Mirnov array was designed and installed behind the targets.Owing to its excellent toroidal symmetry,the HFS Mirnov array has,for the first time at J-TEXT,provided valuable new information about the locked mode and the quasi-static mode(QSM)in the HFS.Besides,various groups of magnetic diagnostics at different poloidal locations have been systematically used to measure the QSM,which confirmed the poloidal mode number m and the helical structure of the QSM.By including the HFS information,the 2/1 resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)-induced locked mode was measured to have a poloidal mode number m of~2.

Application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability

Magnetic reconnection and tearing mode instability play a critical role in many physical processes.The application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability in two-dimensional geometry is investigated in this paper.A resistive magnetohydrodynamic code is developed,by the Galerkin spectral method both in the periodic and aperiodic directions.Spectral schemes are provided for global modes and local modes.Mode structures,resistivity scaling,convergence and stability of tearing modes are discussed.The effectiveness of the code is demonstrated,and the computational results are compared with the results using Galerkin spectral method only in the periodic direction.The numerical results show that the code using Galerkin spectral method individually allows larger time step in global and local modes simulations,and has better convergence in global modes simulations.

Prediction of Instability Separation Modes and Its Application in Practical Dynamic Security Region

The transient critical boundary of dynamic security region (DSR) can be approximated by a few hyper planes correlated with instability separation modes. A method to fast predict instability separation modes is proposed for DSR calculation in power injection space. The method identifies coherent generation groups by the developed K-medoids algorithm, taking a similarity matrix derived from the reachability Grammian as the index. As an experimental result, reachability Grammian matrices under local injections are approximately invariant. It indicates that the generator coherency identifications are nearly consistent for different injections. Then instability separation modes can be predicted at the normal operating point, while average initial acceleration is considered as the measure of the critical generator group to amend the error. Moreover, based on these predicted instability separation modes, a critical point search strategy for DSR calculation is illustrated in the reduced injection space of the critical generators. The proposed method was evaluated using New England Test System, and the computation accuracy and speed in determining the practical DSR were improved.

On the mechanism by which nose bluntness suppresses second-mode instability

A physical mechanism by which nose bluntness suppresses second-mode instability is proposed.Considered are 7 degree half-angle straight cones with nose bluntness radii of 0.15 mm, 3.556 mm,5 mm, 9.525 mm, 12.7 mm and 25.4 mm at tunnel conditions relevant to the AFOSR-Notre Dame Large Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel. It is shown that second-mode suppression is achieved via entropy layer modulation of the basic state density gradient. A weakening of the density gradient disrupts the acoustic resonance necessary to sustain second-mode growth. These results are consistent with the thermoacoustic interpretation which posits that second-mode instability can be modeled as thermoacoustic resonance of acoustic energy trapped within an acoustic impedance well.Furthermore, the generalized inflection point criterion of Lees and Lin is applied to develop a criterion for the existence of second-mode instability based on the strength of the basic state density gradient.

INSTABILITY OF HAGEN-POISEUILLE FLOW FOR NON-AXISYMMETRIC MODE

An investigation is described for instability problem of flow through a pipe of circular cross section. As a disturbance motion, we consider a general non-axisym-metric mode. An associated amplitude or modulation equation has been derived for this disturbance motion. This equation belongs to a diffusion type.The coefficient of it can be negative while Reynolds number increases, because of the complex interaction between molecular diffusion and convection. The negative diffusivity, when it occurs, causes a concentration and focussing of energy within decaying slugs, acting as a role of reversing natural decays.

Mode-Coupling Analysis of Parametric Decay Instability in Magnetized Plasmas

In this paper, derived from Maxwell and fluid equations of plasmas, unified nonlinear wave equations are used to describe the parametric decay instability （PDI） in magnetized plasmas, and in view of mode-coupling, we can obtain all the possible PDI channels. By solving the nonlinear equations with a mode-coupling method, we obtain the growth rate of the PDI, of which all of the three waves are ordinary mode （O-mode） or extraordinary mode （X-mode） wave. Under the dipole approximation, an explicit formula of the growth rate of the X-mode and the condition of the equilibrium density scale are obtained. According to the existence conditions of three X-mode waves, this kind of instability might exist in ECRH with the second harmonic X-mode wave.

长波段半导体激光泵浦光纤激光器实现2 kW功率输出

半导体激光(LD)泵浦的高功率光纤激光器具有效率高、体积小、重量轻、稳定性好等优点,在工业加工等诸多领域都有着广泛的应用。为了提高泵浦光吸收率,传统光纤激光器常用915 nm和976 nm波段的LD作为激光的泵浦源。在该类LD泵浦的光纤激光器中,由于量子亏损和泵浦吸收系数相对较高,光纤激光器的热致模式不稳定(TMI)阈值相对较低。为了提高量子效率和潜在的TMI阈值,提出采用大于1010 nm波段的LD直接泵浦光纤激光器,产生高量子效率激光。搭建了振荡放大一体化的全光纤激光器,采用总泵浦功率为2.56 kW的1010 nm波段LD泵浦,首次获得输出功率2.05 kW、光束质量M^(2)约1.7的激光。后续将通过进一步增大泵浦功率、优化光纤特性以实现更高功率、更优光束质量的光纤激光输出。

辐照效应对于掺镱光纤放大器模式不稳定阈值影响的理论研究

光纤放大器在辐照环境中具有良好的应用前景,而模式不稳定(transverse mode instability,TMI)效应则是制约光纤放大器功率提升的重要因素.因此,针对辐照效应对于掺镱光纤放大器TMI阈值的影响,开展了理论研究.通过将辐致损耗引入光纤放大器的TMI理论模型,率先给出了考虑辐照效应的TMI阈值表达式,探讨了TMI阈值随辐射剂量的变化规律,研究表明:辐照效应对于TMI阈值的影响,不仅与光纤的抗辐照性能有关,还与光纤放大器的增益系数有关.增益系数的增大,会减缓TMI阈值随辐射剂量的衰减,但也会导致TMI阈值的整体下降.通过对比辐照效应对于TMI阈值和输出功率的影响,结果发现,TMI阈值随辐致损耗衰减更快.这也使得TMI效应成为辐照条件下光纤放大器输出功率的限制因素.相关研究结果,对于辐射条件下光纤放大器的设计及应用研究具有指导意义.

地震作用下网架结构失效模式的判定方法

利用增量动力分析方法,采用多段梁单元对无缺陷网架、考虑节点几何缺陷网架、杆件几何缺陷网架以及综合考虑节点和杆件几何缺陷的网架整体结构在地震作用下的响应进行了研究。对比表明:综合考虑节点和杆件几何缺陷会加速网架结构的失效进程,施加几何缺陷没有改变网架在同一地震激励下的失效模式。从结构响应的角度,根据网架结构特征点加速度位移曲线、位移时程曲线以及网架塑性杆件比例,提出了地震作用下判别网架结构失效模式的具体标准:若网架跨中位移时程曲线发生明显跳跃,网架塑性杆件占比较小且小于一定限值,可判定网架发生动力稳定失效。若网架跨中位移时程曲线无明显跳跃但逐渐发散,且网架塑性杆件占比较高并大于一定限值,可判定网架发生强度型失效。

桥梁上跨巨型岩溶洞穴的地质特征及失稳模式分析

某高速公路桥梁基础位于巨型岩溶洞穴上部,为论证桥梁方案的可行性,通过综合勘察方法查明了溶洞的形态及地质特征,并分析岩溶洞穴的稳定状态,结果表明,该岩溶洞穴目前处于稳定状态,顶板岩体质量等级为Ⅲ级。分析结果为后续的稳定性评价及桥梁基础设计提供了详实的地质基础资料,可为类似工程提供参考。

不同硬度地面对功能性踝关节不稳患者步态协调性的影响

目的 探索不同硬度地面对功能性踝关节不稳(FAI)患者步态协调性的影响。方法 2023年5月至7月,采用Qualisys红外光学运动捕捉系统对南京师范大学15例右侧FAI患者协调性和变异性进行测试。采集并截取步态周期数据,运用Matlab计算耦合角和耦合角标准差,比较在不同硬度地面上的差异。结果 在冠状面,髋-踝关节耦合角在支撑中期和支撑后期硬地面大于软地面,其他步态阶段以及髋-膝关节、膝-踝关节各步态阶段均小于软地面(P <0.05);在矢状面,髋-踝关节和膝-踝关节耦合角在支撑中期和支撑后期硬地面小于软地面,其他步态阶段以及髋-膝关节各步态阶段均大于软地面(P <0.01);在水平面,髋-膝关节耦合角在支撑后期硬地面小于软地面,摆动前期和髋-踝关节承重期均大于软地面(P <0.05)。与硬地面相比,软地面上耦合角标准差仅在矢状面髋-膝关节承重期小于硬地面,其余均大于硬地面(P <0.05)。结论 FAI患者在三维面内各步态阶段在软地面上表现出更多的远端主导,即踝关节内翻跖屈优势增加,髋关节优势减少;协调变异性普遍高于硬地面。表明FAI患者在软地面上步行时会增加复发性外踝扭伤风险。