The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(...The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the IoT.However,RPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information.This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction Frequency,Rank Harmony,and Power Consumption.These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous research.The UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed indicators.The effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing approaches.Notably,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment design.In terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at perso...Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at personal area network (PAN) level. Because RERM is inherently application-oriented, the network model adopted should also be application-oriented. However, many factors of WSNs applications such as link selected probability and ACK mechanism etc. were neglected by current network models. These factors can introduce obvious influence on throughput of WSNs. Then the energy consumption of nodes will be influenced greatly. So these models cannot characterize many real properties of WSNs, and the result of RERM is not consistent with the real-world situation. In this study, these factors neglected by other researchers are taken into account. Furthermore, an application-oriented general network model (AGNM) for RERM is proposed. Based on the AGNM, the dynamic characteristics of WSNs are simulated. The experimental results show that AGNM can approximately characterize the real situation of WSNs. Therefore, the AGNM provides a good foundation for RERM research.展开更多
在6LoWPAN(IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network)的基础上,该文提出应用于物联网的寻址策略,实现基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的底层异构网络与互联网的实时通信。寻址策略包括IPv6地址自动配置和报头压缩。采用的分层地址自...在6LoWPAN(IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network)的基础上,该文提出应用于物联网的寻址策略,实现基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的底层异构网络与互联网的实时通信。寻址策略包括IPv6地址自动配置和报头压缩。采用的分层地址自动配置策略,首先在底层网络内部允许节点使用16位短地址导出的链路本地地址进行数据分组传输,该链路本地地址需通过执行基于分簇的重复地址检测机制保证唯一性;其次,每个底层网络中的Sink节点通过上层IP路由器获取全球路由前缀,并与接口标识符相结合,形成Sink节点的全球地址,实现底层网络与互联网的数据交换。同时,通过在报头压缩编码中植入链路本地地址和全球地址控制位,提出了一种适用于物联网应用的报头压缩方案IIPHC(IoTs IPv6 Header Compression)。如果地址类型为链路本地地址,则采用简单灵活的IIPHC1方案,如果地址类型为全球地址,则采用相对复杂但有效的IIPHC2方案。仿真及测试结果表明,基于6LoWPAN的物联网寻址策略在网络开销、时延、吞吐量、能耗等性能方面存在一定的优越性。展开更多
现有MAC协议在设计时未考虑太赫兹无线链路的衰减特性,难以稳定工作从而影响网络性能。针对此问题,提出一种适用于太赫兹无线个域网环境的高吞吐量低时延MAC协议HTLD-MAC(high throughput and low delay MAC protocol for terahertz wir...现有MAC协议在设计时未考虑太赫兹无线链路的衰减特性,难以稳定工作从而影响网络性能。针对此问题,提出一种适用于太赫兹无线个域网环境的高吞吐量低时延MAC协议HTLD-MAC(high throughput and low delay MAC protocol for terahertz wireless personal area networks)。HTLD-MAC协议通过采用基于信道质量预留时隙机制以及自适应确认机制,能够合理分配超帧时隙资源、提高网络吞吐量,降低数据时延。仿真表明相较于IEEE 802.15.3c和ES-MAC协议,HTLD-MAC在太赫兹链路质量较差情况下具有更好的网络性能。展开更多
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for this research through a Grant(NU/RG/SERC/12/50)under the Research Groups at Najran University,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the IoT.However,RPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information.This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction Frequency,Rank Harmony,and Power Consumption.These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous research.The UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed indicators.The effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing approaches.Notably,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment design.In terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.
文摘Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at personal area network (PAN) level. Because RERM is inherently application-oriented, the network model adopted should also be application-oriented. However, many factors of WSNs applications such as link selected probability and ACK mechanism etc. were neglected by current network models. These factors can introduce obvious influence on throughput of WSNs. Then the energy consumption of nodes will be influenced greatly. So these models cannot characterize many real properties of WSNs, and the result of RERM is not consistent with the real-world situation. In this study, these factors neglected by other researchers are taken into account. Furthermore, an application-oriented general network model (AGNM) for RERM is proposed. Based on the AGNM, the dynamic characteristics of WSNs are simulated. The experimental results show that AGNM can approximately characterize the real situation of WSNs. Therefore, the AGNM provides a good foundation for RERM research.
文摘针对现有的太赫兹无线个域网双信道媒体访问控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议在节点需要双向通信时采用半双工通信方式和对于已通信过的节点再次通信且位置未发生改变时信息控制开销较大而影响网络性能的问题,提出一种低控制开销的太赫兹无线个域网双信道MAC协议(Low Control Overhead dual-channel MAC protocol, LCO-MAC).LCO-MAC协议通过在通信双方节点同时有向对方发送数据的需求时,采用点对点全双工通信机制通过一次信息控制帧的交互完成信道预约和自适应省略允许发送帧/测试帧机制,降低信息交互过程的控制开销,提高吞吐量来提升网络性能.仿真结果表明,与TAB-MAC协议和EF-MAC协议相比,本文所提出的协议信息控制开销降低了至少12.6%、网络吞吐量和信道利用率提升分别不少于11.3%和12%.
文摘在6LoWPAN(IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network)的基础上,该文提出应用于物联网的寻址策略,实现基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的底层异构网络与互联网的实时通信。寻址策略包括IPv6地址自动配置和报头压缩。采用的分层地址自动配置策略,首先在底层网络内部允许节点使用16位短地址导出的链路本地地址进行数据分组传输,该链路本地地址需通过执行基于分簇的重复地址检测机制保证唯一性;其次,每个底层网络中的Sink节点通过上层IP路由器获取全球路由前缀,并与接口标识符相结合,形成Sink节点的全球地址,实现底层网络与互联网的数据交换。同时,通过在报头压缩编码中植入链路本地地址和全球地址控制位,提出了一种适用于物联网应用的报头压缩方案IIPHC(IoTs IPv6 Header Compression)。如果地址类型为链路本地地址,则采用简单灵活的IIPHC1方案,如果地址类型为全球地址,则采用相对复杂但有效的IIPHC2方案。仿真及测试结果表明,基于6LoWPAN的物联网寻址策略在网络开销、时延、吞吐量、能耗等性能方面存在一定的优越性。
文摘现有MAC协议在设计时未考虑太赫兹无线链路的衰减特性,难以稳定工作从而影响网络性能。针对此问题,提出一种适用于太赫兹无线个域网环境的高吞吐量低时延MAC协议HTLD-MAC(high throughput and low delay MAC protocol for terahertz wireless personal area networks)。HTLD-MAC协议通过采用基于信道质量预留时隙机制以及自适应确认机制,能够合理分配超帧时隙资源、提高网络吞吐量,降低数据时延。仿真表明相较于IEEE 802.15.3c和ES-MAC协议,HTLD-MAC在太赫兹链路质量较差情况下具有更好的网络性能。
文摘为了提高W PAN应用环境下IEEE802.11b的吞吐量,首先分析IEEE802.11b DCF协议应用时的数据包传输时序,得到IEEE802.11b系统的吞吐量性能与包长及包错误概率的关系,然后对W PAN干扰网络存在时包错误概率与PLCP服务数据单元(PSDU,PLCP service data u-nit)值之间的关系进行建模.在理论上证明了在一定的W PAN干扰强度下,IEEE802.11b系统存在一个最佳的数据包长度,可以使得系统的吞吐量最大.在此基础上提出了W PAN干扰网络存在时的自适应包长方案.仿真结果表明,所提方案可以有效地提高网络吞吐量.
