A new vacuum-assisted low-pressure investment casting process for K446 alloy

Non-metallic inclusions and zyglo indications frequently occur in the superalloy castings produced through the traditional vacuum gravity investment casting process,particularly in components with thin-walled and complex structural features.The vacuum-assisted low-pressure casting(VLC),a type of counter-gravity casting(CGC)method,has been developed to minimize non-metallic inclusions and zyglo indications in superalloy castings.Rectifying frames for gas turbines made from K446 alloy were produced semi-continuously using the VLC process and subsequently evaluated through tensile testing,chemical composition analysis,X-ray diffraction,and zyglo penetrant inspection.The results indicate a roughly 10%improvement in tensile strength at 800℃ compared to gravity casting.Moreover,no significant changes are observed in the chemical composition of the alloys from the beginning to the end of a casting campaign,indicating that the developed VLC process is viable for the engineering-scale production of superalloy castings.Compared to traditional vacuum gravity casting(GC)method,the application of VLC can reduce the numbers of non-metallic inclusions and Zyglo indications in the castings by over 80%.At the same time,it significantly shortens the production time by 3 to 5 days.

Optimization of pressurization process in low-pressure casting of a 5.4-ton gigantic C95800 copper alloy casting

During the low-pressure casting of extra-large size C95800 copper alloy components,traditional linear pressurization technique leads to a rapid surge of liquid metal inlet velocity at the regions where the mold cavity cross-section enlarges.This rapid increasement of liquid metal inlet velocity causes serious entrapment of gas and oxide films,and results in various casting defects such as the bifilm defects.These defects detrimentally deteriorate mechanical properties of the castings.To address this issue,an innovative nonlinear pressurization strategy timely matching to the casting structure was proposed.The pressurization rate decreases at sections where the cross-section widens,but it gradually increases as the liquid metal level rises.By this way,the inlet velocity remains below a critical threshold to prevent the entrapment of gas and oxide films.Comparative analyses involving numerical simulations and casting verification illustrate that the nonlinear pressurization technique,compared to the linear pressurization,effectively diminishes both the size and number of bifilm defects.Furthermore,the nonlinear pressurization method enhances the casting yield strength by 10%,tensile strength by 14%,and elongation by 10%.Examination through scanning electron microscopy highlights that the bifilm defects arising from the linear pressurization process result in the reduction of the castings’mechanical properties.These observations underscore the efficacy of nonlinear pressurization in enhancing the quality and reliability of gigantic castings,as exemplified by a 5.4-ton extra-large sized C95800 copper alloy propeller hub with complex structures in the current study.

Photoionization Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Modeling of Low-pressure Pyrolysis of Benzene

Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and measure their mole fraction profiles versus temperature. A low-pressure pyrolysis model of benzene was developed and validated by the experimental results. Rate of production analysis was performed to reveal the major reaction networks in both fuel decomposition and aromatic growth processes. It is concluded that benzene is mainly decomposed via H-abstraction reaction to produce phenyl and partly decomposed via unimolecular decomposition reac- tions to produce propargyl or phenyl. The decomposition process stops at the formation of acetylene and polyyne species like diacetylene and 1,3,5-hexatriyne due to their high thermal stabilities. Besides, the aromatic growth process in the low-pressure pyrolysis of benzene is concluded to initiate from benzene and phenyl, and is controlled by the even carbon growth mechanism due to the inhibited formation of C5 and C7 species which play important roles in the odd carbon growth mechanism.

Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with abdominal wall lift in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer:initial experience

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new technology combining low-pressure pneumoperitoneum(LPP) and abdominal wall lift(AWL) in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(TME) for rectal cancer.METHODS From November 2015 to July 2017,26 patients underwent laparoscopic TME for rectal cancer using LPP(6-8 mm Hg) with subcutaneous AWL in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan,China.Clinical data regarding patients' demographics,intraoperative monitoring indices,operation-related indices andpathological outcomes were prospectively collected.RESULTS Laparoscopic TME was performed in 26 cases(14 anterior resection and 12 abdominoperineal resection) successfully,without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery with standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum.Intraoperative monitoring showed stable heart rate,blood pressure and paw airway pressure.The mean operative time was 194.29 ± 41.27 min(range:125-270 min) and 200.41 ± 20.56 min(range:170-230 min) for anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection,respectively.The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 16.71 ± 5.06(range:7-27).There was no positive circumferential or distal resection margin.No local recurrence was observed during a median follow-up period of 11.96 ± 5.55 mo(range:5-23 mo).CONCLUSION LPP combined with AWL is safe and feasible for laparoscopic TME.The technique can provide satisfactory exposure of the operative field and stable operative monitoring indices.

Process Optimization for AZ91 Mg-alloy Low-pressure EPC Process

The influence of a key process variable on the mold filling characteristics of AZ91 Mg-alloy was studied in the low pressure EPC process.The applied flow quantity of insert gas from 1 to 5 m~3/h associated with the pressurizing rate in the low pressure EPC casting process was considered for rectangle and L-shape plate casting. The experimental results show that there is an optimal flow quantity of insert gas for good mold filling characteristics in AZ91 Mg-alloy low-pressure EPC process. The optimal flow quantity of insert gas for the specimens is 3 to 4 m~3/h. Either less or higher than the optimal flow quantity of insert gas would lead to misrun defects or folds, blisters and porosity defects. The practice of hub casting confirmed that the low-pressure EPC process with an optimal processing variable exemplified as 4 m~3/h gas flow quantity was capable of producing complicated magnesium castings without misrun defects.

Numerical simulation and analysis of lithium plasma during low-pressure DC arc discharge

Alkali metal DC arc discharge has the characteristics of easy ionization,low power consumption,high plasma temperature and ionization degree,etc,which can be applied in aerospace vehicles in various ways.In this paper,we calculate the physical property parameters of lithium vapor,one of the major alkali metals,and analyze the discharge characteristics of lithium plasma with the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)model.The discharge effects between constant current and voltage sources are also compared.It is shown that the lithium plasma of DC arc discharge has relatively high temperature and current density.The peak temperature can reach tens of thousands of K,and the current density reaches 6 x 107 A m 2.Under the same rated power,the plasma parameters of the constant voltage source discharge are much higher than those of the constant current source discharge,which can be used as the preferred discharge mode for aerospace applications.

An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Cleaning of Pleated Bag Filters Using Low-Pressure Pulsed-Jets

Pulsed-jet cleaning is recognized as the most efficient method to regenerate bag dust collectors traditionally used in industrial processes to control the emission of particulates.In this study,non-woven needle felt filter bags with and without a film coating material have been analyzed considering different geometries(different number N of pairs of pleated filter bag sides)in the frame of dedicated low-pressure pulsed-jet cleaning experiments.The flow structure inside the bag and the response characteristics of its wall have also been analyzed numerically through a computational fluid-dynamics/structural-dynamics(CFD-CSD)unidirectional fluid-solid coupling method.As shown by the experiments,the peak pressure(P_(0))on the wall of the filter bag with N=8 and 12 is higher,which indicates dust can be removed more effectively in these cases.The peak pressure on the wall increases first and then decreases along the direction of the bag length,while the peak pressure of the pleated filter bag with nonwoven needled felt film coating is greater than that without film coating.A comprehensive analysis of the time variation of acceleration,deformation,strain,stress and other factors,has led to the conclusion that the pleated filter bag with N=12 would be the optimal choice.

The mechanism study of low-pressure air plasma cleaning on large-aperture optical surface unraveled by experiment and reactive molecular dynamics simulation

Low-pressure air plasma cleaning is an effective method for removing organic contaminants on large-aperture optical components in situ in the inertial confinement fusion facility.Chemical reactions play a significant role in plasma cleaning,which is a complex process involving abundant bond cleavage and species generation.In this work,experiments and reactive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to unravel the reaction mechanism between the benchmark organic contaminants of dibutyl phthalate and air plasma.The optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the overall evolution behaviors of excited molecular species and radical signals from air plasma as a reference to simulations.Detailed reaction pathways were revealed and characterized,and specific intermediate radicals and products were analyzed during experiments and simulation.The reactive species in the air plasma,such as O,HO_(2)and O_(3)radicals,played a crucial role in cleaving organic molecular structures.Together,our findings provide an atomic-level understanding of complex reaction processes of low-pressure air plasma cleaning mechanisms and are essential for its application in industrial plasma cleaning.

Effect of Low-pressure Carbonation on the Heat Inactivation and Cytoplasmic Acidification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effect of low-pressure carbonation （LPC） on heat inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The cell suspension was carbonated at 1 MPa and 4℃ for 15 min and subsequently heated from 51 to 61 ℃ and 5 s to 5 min （heating with LPC）. As a control experiment, cell suspension was heat-treated under atmospheric pressure without LPC （heating）. The inactivation ratio of heating at 53℃ and 55℃ for l rain with LPC was approximately 1 log order higher than heating alone. Extending heating time to 5 min did not widen the difference in the inactivation ratio between heating with LPC and heating alone at both heating temperatures. At 57℃, the difference in inactivation ratio increased from 1 to 2.5 log order with extending treatment time from 5 to 15 s. The results suggested that the enhanced inactivation effect by LPC was obtained at the higher temperature with short time treatment than the lower temperature with longer time treatment. Under fluorescence microscope observation of LPC-treated cell stained with LysoSensor probe, it seemed that LPC was hardly able to acidify the cytoplasm ofS. cerevisiae. It is considered that the ability orS. cerevisiae ceils to keep their cytoplasmic pH during LPC resulted in the inferior increase in heat inactivation ratio by LPC as compared with bacteria in the previous studies.

Neutrons in a nanosecond low-pressure discharge in deuterium

Stable neutron generation with a yield of ~1.2×10^(4) neutrons per pulse was obtained during d(d,n)^(3)He reaction initiated by the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in a gap with a potential tungsten cylinder(anode)and a grounded deuterated zirconium plate(cathode)filled with deuterium at a pressure of ~10^(2) Pa.Estimated duration of the neutron pulse was ~1.5 ns.Less intensive neutron emission was registered without deuterated plate.Splashing of material of the tungsten electrode was observed during the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in the deuterium,hydrogen,helium and argon at pressures of 10^(2)-10^(4) Pa.

A LOW-PRESSURE AND ONE-STEP METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALKYLIDYNETRICOBALT NONACARBONYL CLUSTERS:RCCo_8(CO)_9

Metal clusters RCCo_3(CO)_9(R-H,C1,Br,CH_3,Ph) were prepared in 18.8-57.3% yields from the reaction of cobalt(Ⅱ)salt and RCX_a under mild PTC conditions(latm CO,25℃).The cobalt salt was reduced to Co(CO)_4 in the presence of Na_3S_2O_4.

Simulation of propagation of the HPM in the low-pressure argon plasma

The propagation of the high-power microwave（HPM） with a frequency of 6 GHz in the lowpressure argon plasma was studied by the method of fluid approximation.The two-dimensional transmission model was built based on the wave equation,the electron drift-diffusion equations and the heavy species transport equations,which were solved by means of COMSOL Multiphysics software.The simulation results showed that the propagation characteristic of the HPM was closely related to the average electron density of the plasma.The attenuation of the transmitted wave increased nonlinearly with the electron density.Specifically,the growth of the attenuation slowed down as the electron density increased uniformly.In addition,the concrete transmission process of the HPM wave in the low-pressure argon plasma was given.

Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30%Al_(2)O_(3)composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying.The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),and X-ray diffraction (XRD),and the effects of the addition of Al_(2)O_(3)on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester,electronic tensile machine,and electrochemical workstation.The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser,and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al_(2)O_(3).The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct,and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined.Compared with the pure Al coating,the microhardness of the Al-Al_(2)O_(3)composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV_(0.2),and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa.The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy,and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate.The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness,good bonding strength,and good corrosion resistance,which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.

基于CNN-CAM的NLoS/LoS识别方法研究

针对目前基于信道脉冲响应(Channel Impulse Response,CIR)的非视距(None Line of Sight,NLoS)/视距(Line of Sight,LoS)识别方法精度低、泛化能力差的问题,提出了一种多层卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)与通道注意力模块(Channel Attention Module,CAM)相结合的NLoS/LoS识别方法。在多层CNN中嵌入CAM提取原始CIR的时域数据特征,利用全局平均池化层代替全连接层进行特征整合并分类输出。使用欧洲地平线2020计划项目eWINE公开的数据集进行不同结构模型和不同识别方法的对比实验,结果表明,所提出的CNN-CAM模型LoS和NLoS召回率分别达到了92.29%与87.71%,准确率达到了90.00%,F1分数达到了90.22%。与现有多种传统识别方法相比,均具有更好的识别效果。

基于LOS导航算法的无人船路径跟踪控制

为了解决无人船路径跟踪控制问题,提出基于视距导航算法(LOS导航算法)和模糊PID控制的自适应无人船路径跟踪控制方法。首先根据LOS算法将路径跟踪问题转化为航向控制问题,之后通过模糊PID控制算法进行无人船的航向控制。通过仿真表明所提出的算法路径跟踪精度高,横向偏移量小,跟踪路径平滑,对无人船的路径跟踪控制有一定的参考价值。

地磁的LoRa与NB-IoT通信技术比较研究

随着物联网技术的快速发展,低功率广域网络(Low-Power Wide-Area Network,LPWAN)以其特有的优势得到广泛的应用。在众多的LPWAN技术应用场景中,地磁作为无线传感器被应用于各种停车管理的场景中,其中,国内停车行业关注度最高的是远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,Lo Ra)和窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-Io T)两种通信技术的地磁。本文旨在从地磁的Lo Ra与NB-Io T通信技术方面进行系统的梳理和比较分析,为地磁的选择应用提供有力的技术参考和储备。

一种基于扰动补偿的机弹协同LOS主动防御制导律

随着无人技术和军事科技发展,无人近距空战引起了世界军事强国的广泛关注。面临高速大机动能力来袭导弹的威胁,传统的抛洒箔条或释放热焰弹等被动防御措施无法确保目标飞行器安全逃逸,通过发射拦截弹协同目标飞行器机动实施的主动防御是一种可行的方法。由于来袭导弹机动能力较强且加速度信息未知,是目标飞行器-拦截弹制导律协同设计的难点。提出一种基于扰动补偿的LOS主动防御拦截制导律,通过设计一种非线性扰动观测器来估计来袭弹产生的机动的影响,并在机弹协同LOS主动防御制导律设计中补偿。通过仿真算例验证了所提方法能够有效拦截具有未知机动能力的来袭导弹,为研究三体攻防问题提供了一定的参考。

Peguero-Lo-Presti指数诊断的左心室肥厚与阵发性心房颤动射频导管消融术后复发的关系

目的探讨Peguero-Lo-Presti指数诊断的左心室肥厚(LVH)与阵发性心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后复发的关系。方法选取成功接受射频导管消融的阵发性房颤患者652例。根据Peguero-Lo-Presti指数分为LVH组(167例)和左心室正常(LVN)组(485例)。收集患者的基线资料,在射频导管消融术后3、6、12个月以及此后每12个月间隔进行规律随访,评估有无房颤复发;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制2组的房颤复发曲线;Cox比例风险模型评估房颤复发的影响因素。结果中位随访时间为20.5(15.0,26.0)个月,共155例(23.8%)患者出现复发,LVH组95例,LVN组60例,LVH组的无房颤复发率明显低于LVN组(64.1%vs.80.4%,Log-rankχ2=26.361,P<0.01)。校正年龄、性别、体质量指数、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、心功能不全、左房前后径、左室舒张末期内径和左室射血分数后,Peguero-Lo-Presti指数诊断的LVH仍是房颤复发的危险因素[HR(95%CI):2.359(1.663~3.345),P<0.01]。结论Peguero-Lo-Presti指数诊断的LVH是阵发性房颤患者射频导管消融术后复发的危险因素。

基于LOS+PID的无人船行驶路径跟踪控制

为了提高无人船行驶路径跟踪控制精度,提出一种基于改进视线(LOS)算法与改进比例-积分-微分(PID)控制的无人船行驶路径跟踪控制方法。通过采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化PID控制器对无人船航向进行跟踪,采用自适应接纳圆改进LOS算法对无人船航迹进行跟踪,以实现无人船行驶路径的跟踪控制。仿真结果表明:所提方法在有干扰情况下,平均舵角、平均误差、平均航速分别为0.40°、12.36 m、1.84 m/s;在无干扰情况下,平均舵角、平均误差、平均航速分别为0.17°、5.22 m、1.06 m/s,具有良好的跟踪控制精度和速度。

POR基因敲除、回补及过表达LO2细胞株的构建及作为AFB_(1)染毒模型的初步应用

为了构建POR基因稳定敲除(POR^(KO))、回补(PORCO)、过表达(POR^(OE))的LO2细胞株,以便为后续深入开展POR基因在AFB_(1)致毒性机理中的功能研究提供细胞模型。本研究首先利用CRISPR/Cas9技术设计2条靶向POR基因的sgRNA并克隆至lentiCRISPR v2载体,进行慢病毒包装与感染,筛选出LO2 POR^(KO)单克隆细胞后进行测序及Western blot鉴定。其次用同源重组方法构建pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His B-POR重组质粒,经对POR^(KO)细胞和野生型细胞转染分别构建LO2 PORCO及LO2 POR^(OE)细胞株,以G-418筛选后进行Western blotting鉴定。再用4μmol·L^(-1)及8μmol·L^(-1)AFB_(1)分别对野生型、LO2 POR^(KO)、LO2 PORCO、LO2 POR^(OE)细胞株染毒48 h,观察细胞形态并测定细胞存活率。结果表明,靶向exon5的sgRNA-2可成功敲除POR基因,得到LO2 POR^(KO)细胞株;成功构建表达POR重组蛋白的LO2 PORCO及LO2 POR^(OE)细胞株。对AFB_(1)处理后的各细胞存活率测定结果表明,相较于野生型LO2细胞43.66%±0.58%和27.90%±0.46%的存活率,LO2 POR^(KO)细胞存活率具有极显著性差异,均为100%(P<0.0001);LO2 PORCO细胞存活率仍有显著性差异,分别为57.07%±0.74%和42.54%±0.68%(P<0.05);LO2 POR^(OE)细胞存活率则显著降低,分别为24.58%±0.92%和17.99%±0.81%(P<0.01)。综上所述,本研究成功构建了LO2 POR^(KO)、LO2 PORCO、LO2 POR^(OE)细胞株,并以AFB_(1)染毒处理分别研究了各细胞株的存活率和细胞形态学变化,发现POR基因对AFB_(1)所致细胞毒性的影响巨大。研究结果为后续深入开展POR基因在AFB_(1)致毒性机理中的功能研究奠定了基础。