Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

Magnetic Field and Operating Performance Analysisof Conical-rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In order to accurately analyze the magnetic field of conical-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor(CR-PMSM),the effectiveness of two methods was studied on handling of problems concerned with non-uniform distribution of magnetic field along axial direction in CR-PMSM,which were sectional calculation(SC)method and three-dimensional finite element(3-D FE)method.On this basis,the influence of the axial displacement and dq-axis currents on the operating characteristics of axial magnetic force and torque is analyzed by using the 3-D FE model.Analysis results show that the axial magnetic force and torque decrease with the increase of axial displacement of the rotor,and the amplitude regularity of the axial magnetic force is affected by the d-axis current.A prototype machine is fabricated and tested,in order to validate the design theory.

Study on three dimensional electromagnetic model for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D electromagnetic field model of PMLSM is established. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal and transverse end effect. The distribution of electromagnetic field of PMLSM can be obtained directly and promptly by using FFT algorithm. It can also be used for the analysis of other LSM.

A novel fuzzy logic direct torque controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a field programmable gate array

A high-performance digital servo system built on the platform of a field programmable gate array (FPGA),a fully digitized hardware design scheme of a direct torque control (DTC) and a low speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. The DTC strategy of PMSM is described with Verilog hardware description language and is employed on-chip FPGA in accordance with the electronic design automation design methodology. Due to large torque ripples in low speed PMSM,the hysteresis controller in a conventional PMSM DTC was replaced by a fuzzy controller. This FPGA scheme integrates the direct torque controller strategy,the time speed measurement algorithm,the fuzzy regulating technique and the space vector pulse width modulation principle. Experimental results indicate the fuzzy controller can provide a controllable speed at 20 r min-1 and torque at 330 N m with satisfactory dynamic and static performance. Furthermore,the results show that this new control strategy decreases the torque ripple drastically and enhances control performance.

Research on Thermal Calculation and End Winding Heat Conduction Optimization of Low Speed High Torque Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Because of its simple structure,large torque and high efficiency,permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque is widely adopted in many fields.In this paper,a 394.5k W mining low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor(LSHTPMSM)is regarded as the study object.According to the physical model,a three-dimensional equivalent heat transfer temperature field calculation model of the motor is built to simulate the temperature distribution of the motor under rated conditions.In terms of the serious issue of stator winding temperature increase of permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque,the heat conduction optimization of the end of the stator winding is studied,which enhances the heat dissipation effect of the stator end winding,effectively reduces its temperature increase and temperature gradient with the winding in the slot,and improves the practical efficiency and service life of the motor.Finally,the motor temperature rise test platform is constructed for the verification of the feasibility of the optimization scheme,which provides a reference direction for the heat dissipation optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque.

Temperature Rise Calculation and Velocity Planning of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor under Trapezoidal Speed

For permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) working at trapezoidal speed for long time, high thrust brings high temperature rise, while low thrust limits dynamic performance. Thus, it is crucial to find a balance between temperature rise and dynamic performance. In this paper, a velocity planning model of the PMLSM at trapezoidal speed based on electromagnetic-fluid-thermal(EFT) field is proposed to obtain the optimal dynamic performance under temperature limitation. In this model, the winding loss is calculated considering the acceleration and deceleration time. The loss model is indirectly verified by the temperature rise experiment of an annular winding sample. The actual working conditions of the PMLSM are simulated by dynamic grid technology to research the influence of acceleration and deceleration on fluid flow in the air gap, and the variation rule of the thermal boundary condition is analyzed. Combined with the above conditions, the temperature rise of a coreless PMLSM(CPMLSM) under the rated working condition is calculated and analyzed in detail. Through this method and several iterations, the optimal dynamic performance under the temperature limitation is achieved. The result is verified by a comparison between simulation and prototype tests, which can help improve the dynamic performance.

Cogging Torque Reduction in Axial Flux PMSM with Different Permanent Magnet Combination

With the increasing requirement for the mechanical vibration and acoustic noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)drive system,the demand for cogging torque reduction of PMSM has been considerably increased.To solve the problem of oversized cogging torque of axial flux PMSM,a rotor topology with hybrid permanent magnet is proposed to weaken the cogging torque.Firstly,the expression of the cogging torque of the axial flux motor is derived,and the influence of the pole-arc ratio of the permanent magnet on the cogging torque is analyzed.Secondly,the rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnet is adopted to reduce the cogging torque.According to the analytical analysis,the constraints of the size and pole-arc ratio between the hybrid permanent magnets are obtained,and the two permanent magnets related to the minimum cogging torque are determined.And the analysis results are verified by the finite element simulation.Furthermore,the motor performance with and without the hybrid permanent magnet is compared with each other.Finally,the cogging torque is significantly reduced by adopting a rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnets.

AN ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC MAGNETIC FIELD OF LINEAR OSCILLATION MOTOR

In this paper, using axial field finite analysis method, the field of a movable core type linear oscillation motor is analyzed. The program of axial field finite analysis is worked out. Using this program, we analyze various fields, including the field excited by permanent magnet materials, the field by two coils respectively, and the fields with the core moving to various positions.

Design of a PCB stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor based on a novel topology Halbach array

A novel topology Halbach permanent magnet array is proposed and applied to the design of a printed circuit board(PCB) axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM) motor. Compared with the traditional coreless AFPM motor, this novel topology for a Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator AFPM motor has larger air-gap magnetic flux density and air-gap flux per pole. The magnetic flux leakage is effectively reduced, and the air-gap magnetic density is close to the sine wave. Results of the finite element analysis and prototype experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator motor. A reference basis and practical value for the design of the PCB AFPM motor are provided.

基于MAGNET的低速永磁直线同步电动机电磁场数值计算与分析

提出了一种新型直线电机,简要介绍了这种电机的基本结构及运行机理,应用Magnet软件对具有不同结构的两种电机的电磁场进行了数值计算。通过计算结果进一步分析和计算得到了低速永磁直线同步电机的二维磁场分布和气隙磁密的变化波形。所做研究为新型低速永磁直线同步电动机提供了一种行之有效的设计方法。

飞轮储能用永磁同步电机温度场分析

针对飞轮储能用永磁同步电机散热困难的问题,以某额定功率为300 kW、转速为10000 r/min的永磁同步电机为研究对象,利用磁热耦合的方法,对永磁同步电机的损耗和温度场进行模拟及测试分析,研究永磁同步电机的损耗及电机热分布;利用热仿真模型,研究电机关键部件散热的影响因素。结果表明:高温主要集中于永磁体及绕组区域;减小流道宽度、增大流道数目以及增大流道圆角半径可有效提高定子散热性能;辐射率越高,永磁体散热性能越好;改进电机结构后,永磁体最高温度下降10.5%。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的设计及散热优化提供参考。

基于自抗扰的永磁同步电机附加谐波损耗抑制方法

针对永磁同步电机在变频器供电时,由时间电流谐波所引起的附加谐波损耗过大及难以在电机初始设计时被考虑到的问题,采用场路耦合联合仿真模型来计算电机的附加谐波损耗,并以4台现有的表贴式永磁同步电机为例,通过实验验证了场路耦合联合仿真模型的有效性,为电机设计之初附加谐波损耗的选取,以及后续温升的计算提供了前期计算的方法。同时提出一种基于自抗扰技术的附加谐波损耗抑制方法,设计一种适用于永磁同步电机矢量控制的自抗扰控制器,并从理论上验证了自抗扰控制器对于时间电流谐波的抑制作用,以及针对自抗扰控制器参数众多调参困难的问题,给出一种参数整定方案。最后通过引入所设计的自抗扰控制器,对电机的时间电流谐波进行计算和分析,使电机的附加谐波损耗降低了68.1%,为同类型电机的附加谐波损耗抑制提供了一种有效的方法。

基于扰动观测器的五相永磁同步电机开路和短路容错矢量控制

针对反电动势含有3次谐波的五相永磁同步电机(PMSM)开路和短路故障导致转矩脉动大的问题,该文提出一种基于扰动观测器的矢量控制(DOB-FOC)策略。该策略基于降阶正交变换矩阵在同步旋转坐标系上建立PMSM开路故障情况下的基波模型,将3次谐波反电动势、短路电流等作为扰动信号。在此基础上,设计扰动观测器,观测出以上扰动导致的转矩脉动,将其转化为q轴补偿电流前馈到q轴电流指令中,有效地抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,并且实现了PMSM在开路和短路故障情况下的平稳无扰运行。仿真和实验结果验证了所提容错策略的有效性。

大型永磁同步电机内外双循环强化散热性能模拟

针对高铁大型永磁同步牵引电机转子区域散热困难、内部温升分布不均匀的问题,在机壳水冷电机结构基础上的定子铁芯外表面处增设轴向矩形风道,并结合气隙、转子减重孔形成内外双循环散热结构,探究降低定子、绕组部位温升和提升电机内部散热均匀性的影响规律.首先通过Ansoft Maxwell平台仿真得到双循环散热结构在额定工况下各部件损耗值,同时为了更好模拟转子旋转带动气隙中的空气流动,对气隙进行分层处理,采用流-固耦合的有限元分析法模拟研究单、双循环散热结构下电机内部空气流动特性以及温升规律.结果表明,内循环风冷结构使电机内部空气流速显著提高,表面平均换热系数也显著提升,转子区域的热量会随着空气的流动更多地传给温度相对较低的定子区域及机壳,同时减少热量向转子部位传递,从而使转子和永磁体的温升降低.在此基础上,采用正交分析法对矩形通风孔的截面积、数量、高宽比进行结构参数优化,并采用温升分布均匀性系数对电机进行温升评价,得到最优方案下电机最高温升相比单循环散热结构降低12.1K,电机整体温升分布均匀性提升16.54%.

永磁同步电机矢量控制专用集成电路的设计

针对软件矢量控制策略因响应慢、成本高而无法满足永磁同步电机(PMSM)领域控制新需求的问题,设计一种矢量控制专用集成电路(ASIC)。采用双闭环控制结构为基础设计芯片架构,使用VerilogHDL硬件描述语言设计矢量控制、坐标旋转数字计算(CORDIC)、电流采样接口、编码器接口和串口通信等模块,通过硬件架构实现并行加速。利用ModelSim平台仿真验证所设计电路的功能,以FPGA为核心搭建芯片物理验证平台,控制PMSM的电流与速度。结果表明:所设计的ASIC输出PWM信号达到12.2 kHz,双环频率分别达到12 kHz和8 kHz,具有快速动态响应与良好的稳态特性;且能够实现高性能、低成本、可移植的电机控制,在电机控制领域具有一定的应用价值。

基于ISTSMC和改进EKFSMO的PMSM无传感器矢量控制

在采用内环矢量控制(Field orientation control,FOC)和外环经典比例积分(Proportional integral,PI)控制的永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)驱动系统中,容易出现外部扰动检测精度低、抖振、速度环超调大等不确定性缺陷。为了解决PI控制的抖振缺点,提高系统抗干扰性,提出了一种积分超螺旋滑模控制(Integral super twisting sliding mode controller,ISTSMC)。为了实现无位置传感器控制以及电机转速与位置的在线估计,采用基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalmanfilter,EKF)的滑模观测器,并且设计了一种分段正弦型函数代替传统的基于sgn函数的滑模观测器降低抖振现象。在Matlab/Simulink仿真下,分析了该系统在各种故障扰动、反转运行和负载扰动下的速度响应和检测精度能力。结果证明了所提系统的可行性以及优越的动态性能。

基于FPGA的PMLSM三矢量模型预测电流控制IP核设计及硬件在环验证

为了提升永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)电流控制的稳态性能和执行速度,同时降低资源消耗,基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)设计了一个三矢量模型预测电流控制(TV-MPCC)知识产权(IP)核,并利用FPGA在环可视化验证方法,建立了一个PMLSM的TV-MPCC IP核验证系统。通过Simulink对TV-MPCC策略进行算法级仿真,并优化了基本电压矢量的作用顺序;采用并行与资源共享硬件优化技术设计并封装了一个TV-MPCC IP核,并对其进行了功能仿真;将设计部署在FPGA芯片XC7Z020CLG400-2上,利用FPGA在环可视化验证平台进行实验研究。结果表明,TV-MPCC策略下d、q轴电流跟踪误差和电流脉动均降低90%以上;FPGA工作在100 MHz下,实现一次算法的时间为0.62μs,仅为软件PyCharm执行时间的0.414%。

永磁同步电机温度场分析与优化研究

以一台5.5 kW电动车用内置风扇式永磁同步电机为研究对象,建立了电机的三维计算模型并对其进行合理的网格划分,运用有限元分析法,对电机在额定状态时的温度场进行仿真分析。通过改变电机后端盖的结构,优化了电机的冷却风路。通过优化前后的电机温度幅值的对比,验证了优化方案的合理性,为永磁同步电机平衡温度分布,降低温升高点提供了设计依据。

转子温度空间分布差异诱发永磁电机局部失磁特性研究

永磁材料磁特性受工作温度影响较大,高工作温度下存在的不可逆失磁现象是永磁电机高可靠性设计的主要瓶颈。针对内置式磁路结构的高功率密度永磁电机用钕铁硼永磁材料的不可逆失磁问题,基于电机全域空间损耗、温度分布的差异,该文提出一种永磁体局部失磁分析模型与特性计算方法。通过磁体虚拟分块法建立基于温度、退磁率等变量的永磁材料磁特性分析模型,利用电磁场和温度场双向耦合的三维多物理场计算方法,得到电机转子永磁体损耗、温度和局部失磁的空间分布特性。最后,通过对一台115 kW、8极永磁电机样机转子永磁体温度和转子表面磁场的实验测试,验证了分析模型与计算方法的准确性,为永磁电机局部失磁问题研究及精细化防失磁设计提供依据。