Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.

Safety and efficiency of Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell administration in patients with traumatic brain injury:First results of a phase I study

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is characterized by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma,which can potentially cause severe physical,cognitive,and emotional impairment.Stem cell transplantation has evolved as a novel treatment modality in the management of TBI,as it has the potential to arrest the degeneration and promote regeneration of new cells in the brain.Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)have recently shown beneficial effects in the functional recovery of neurological deficits.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficiency of MSC therapy in TBI.METHODS We present 6 patients,4 male and 2 female aged between 21 and 27 years who suffered a TBI.These 6 patients underwent 6 doses of intrathecal,intramuscular(i.m.)and intravenous transplantation of WJ-MSCs at a target dose of 1×106/kg for each application route.Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth scale(MAS),motor function according to the Medical Research Council Muscle Strength Scale,quality of life was assessed by the Functional Independence Measure(FIM)scale and Karnofsky Performance Status scale.RESULTS Our patients showed only early,transient complications,such as subfebrile fever,mild headache,and muscle pain due to i.m.injection,which resolved within 24 h.During the one year follow-up,no other safety issues or adverse events were reported.These 6 patients showed improvements in their cognitive abilities,muscle spasticity,muscle strength,performance scores and fine motor skills when compared before and after the intervention.MAS values,which we used to assess spasticity,were observed to statistically significantly decrease for both left and right sides(P<0.001).The FIM scale includes both motor scores(P<0.05)and cognitive scores(P<0.001)and showed a significant increase in pretest posttest analyses.The difference observed in the participants’Karnofsky Performance Scale values pre and post the intervention was statistically significant(P<0.001).CONCLUSION This study showed that cell transplantation has a safe,effective and promising future in the management of TBI.

Potential plausible role of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic bone regeneration

This letter addresses the review titled“Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells:Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury”.The review highlights the regenerative potential of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)and describes why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine.The potential plausible role of WJ-MSCs for diabetic bone regeneration should be noticeable,which will provide a new strategy for improving bone regeneration under diabetic conditions.

Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

Structural and antioxidative properties of royal jelly protein by partial enzymatic hydrolysis

The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and antioxidative properties of royal jelly protein(RJP)at different degrees of hydrolysis(DH)by partial enzymatic hydrolysis. RJP was hydrolyzed by alcalase for 0 min, 15 min, 1 h, 5 h and 8 h to obtain hydrolysates at DH of 5.34%, 11.65%, 15.19%, 21.38% and 23.91%, respectively. With the increased DH, the RJP hydrolysates showed elevated antioxidative activities. The molecular weight of RJP hydrolysates was significantly decreased but their primary backbone kept unchanged. Analysis of circular dichroism spectra revealed that the enzymolysis reduced the content of α-helix but increased the contents of β-sheet, β-turn and random coil. Meanwhile, the surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence intensity of RJP hydrolysates were decreased and a red shift occurred. As the enzymolysis continued, the surface morphology of RJP was gradually changed from a sheet-like structure into microparticles. Changes in antioxidative activities and structures generally followed a DH-dependent manner, however these changes became insignificant for samples at DH beyond 20%. Taking into consideration of both effectiveness and productivity, the optimum enzymatic duration was determined at 5 h.

A Preliminary Study on Consumer Sensory Evaluation and Acceptance of Pomelo Peel Jelly

Pomelo peel is a by-product from pomelo consumption, but it is also rich in a variety of nutrients and functional substances. In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the large amount of discarded pomelo peels every year, in this study, we recycled pomelo peels to make pomelo yellow peel jelly (PYPJ) and pomelo white peel jelly (PWPJ) according to their different characteristics in pomelo peels. And the consumer sensory evaluation (n = 50) was carried out to explore the consumers’ evaluation and acceptance for these two innovative products. The results showed that both jellies received high mean scores for all sensory attributes expect PYPJ’ taste, and the consumer acceptances of PYPJ and PWPJ were 62% and 92%, respectively. These results displayed that there is a need to further improve PYPJ, and PWPJ is a product recognized by consumers. .

蜂王浆的化学组成及抗氧化作用研究

蜂王浆成分复杂,主要由蛋白质、脂类、糖类、氨基酸、核酸等多种物质组成,具有多种生物学活性而广泛应用于药品、保健食品和化妆品。人类常见的疾病都与机体的氧化息息相关,蜂王浆具有很强的抗氧化作用。本文对蜂王浆的化学组成、抗氧化活性成分、抗氧化机理以及在糖尿病、老年痴呆、衰老及发育方面的作用进行了概括。

马蹄果冻的配方优化

为研究马蹄粉在果冻中的应用效果,以马蹄粉、卡拉胶、果胶、木糖醇为主要原料,以感官评分为指标,进行单因素和正交试验优化马蹄果冻的配方。结果表明,卡拉胶和果胶复合胶添加量、马蹄粉添加量、木糖醇添加量对果冻感官有较大影响。马蹄果冻的最优配方为卡拉胶添加量1.8%,果胶添加量1.2%,马蹄粉添加量5%,木糖醇添加量20%,马蹄香精添加量0.06%。此时制作出来的果冻甜度适宜、口感光滑、组织状态均匀一致,具有马蹄独特香味。该配方下马蹄果冻的感官弹性为0.34、胶黏性为0.077 mJ、咀嚼性为0.57 mJ。

甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸/脱细胞华通胶水凝胶支架的制备与表征

背景:随着组织工程为关节软骨损伤修复这一世界难题带来了新的希望,构建成分仿生的光固化3D打印水凝胶支架对软骨组织工程具有重要意义。目的:通过数字光处理3D打印技术构建成分仿生的甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸/脱细胞华通胶水凝胶支架,评价其生物相容性。方法:从人脐带中分离提取华通胶组织后进行脱细胞处理,冷冻干燥后磨成粉末,溶于PBS中制备50 g/L的脱细胞华通胶溶液。制备甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸,冻干后溶于PBS中制备50 g/L的甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸溶液。将脱细胞华通胶溶液与甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸溶液以体积比1∶1混合,加入光引发剂后作为生物墨水。通过数字光处理3D打印技术分别制备甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸水凝胶支架(记为HAMA水凝胶支架)与甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸/脱细胞华通胶水凝胶支架(记为HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架),表征支架的微观结构、溶胀性能、生物相容性与促软骨分化性能。结果与结论:①扫描电镜下见两组支架均呈三维立体的网状结构,其中HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架纤维连接更加均匀;两组支架均在10 h内达到溶胀平衡,HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架的平衡溶胀比低于HAMA水凝胶支架(P<0.05)。②CCK-8实验显示相较于HAMA水凝胶支架,HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖;死活染色显示骨髓间充质干细胞在两组支架上生长良好,并且HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架上的细胞立体分布均匀、细胞数量更多;鬼笔环肽染色显示相较于HAMA水凝胶支架,HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架上的骨髓间充质干细胞黏附与铺展更佳。③将骨髓间充质干细胞接种于两组支架后进行成软骨诱导培养,qRT-PCR检测结果显示,HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架组聚集蛋白聚糖、SOX9、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达量均高于HAMA水凝胶支架组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。④结果表明,数字光处理3D生物打印HAMA/WJ水凝胶支架可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖、黏附及成软骨分化。

紫薯香芋果冻的研制

以优质的紫薯和香芋为主要原料,经调配、混合熬煮、过滤、杀菌等工艺流程,研制出一种具有浓郁紫薯味和香芋味的果冻。以感官评价为评分标准,分析紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比,白砂糖、柠檬酸及复配胶的添加量对果冻品质的影响。通过正交试验确定紫薯香芋果冻的最佳配方。结果表明,影响果冻感官品质因素的主次顺序为柠檬酸添加量、紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比、白砂糖添加量、复配胶添加量,并且紫薯香芋果冻的最优配方为紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比1∶1,白砂糖9%,柠檬酸0.2%,复配胶1.5%。经此配方制出的果冻色泽均匀一致、口感爽滑、酸甜可口、细腻柔软,感官评分为86.6分,pH值为4.04,可溶性固形物含量为15.28%。

蒸汽爆破对猪皮冻凝胶体系及其品质的影响

该研究通过蒸汽爆破技术制作猪皮冻,考察了猪皮凝胶液的流变学特征和稳定性,并研究了猪皮冻的质构和感官特性。结果表明,与传统制作皮冻相比,蒸汽爆破极大缩短了制作时间,猪皮凝胶液表现出典型的剪切稀化行为,黏性有明显提升,其中汽爆压力1.8 MPa下得到的猪皮凝胶液具有最好的稳定性,制得的猪皮冻凝胶强度和质地适宜,感官评价最优。研究结果为皮冻的快速制作和品质提升提供了一种新途径。

人脐带Wharton’s jelly源间充质干细胞培养中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的作用

背景：培养脐带源间充质干细胞过程中,细胞形态常易变得宽大不规则,传代不易贴壁,死亡率高,找到一个维持细胞稳定的方法是有必要的。目的：拟采用组织块培养法从人脐带Wharton’s jelly中分离培养间充质干细胞,观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对其生物学特性的影响。方法：采用组织块法分离培养和扩增脐带组织间充质干细胞,对照组用DMEM/F12培养基＋体积分数为10%胎牛血清培养,实验组用DMEM/F12培养基＋体积分数为10%胎牛血清＋20μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子培养。观察组织块游出细胞的时间和细胞形态,每隔3d或4d更换培养液,待细胞达到80%~90%融合时,用0.25%胰酶消化后,按1：2或1：3的比例传代。结果与结论：倒置显微镜下观察对照组中从8~10d开始有细胞从组织块四周游出贴壁,实验组中从6~8d开始有细胞从组织块四周游出贴壁,1周后可见多数呈长梭形或扁平形的成纤维样细胞,围绕组织块成旋涡状,前3代细胞形态及传代间隔时间两组基本相同;3代以后实验组细胞较对照组易于贴壁,传代死亡率低,生长曲线提示增殖能力强。流式细胞术分析两组细胞周期显示第3,6代70%以上的细胞处于G0/G1期,且第3,6代细胞均阳性表达CD29,CD44,弱表达HLA-ABC,不表达CD34、CD45和HLA-DR。结果提示采用组织块培养法可从人脐带Wharton’s jelly中分离出具有间充质干细胞特性的细胞,且碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能使细胞从组织块游出时间提前和有助于促使细胞贴壁,一定程度上维持细胞形态稳定性,提高增殖能力,并且不改变细胞的表面标志物表达。

基于模糊数学法优化藜麦-荞麦凉粉制备工艺

本文以荞麦为主要原料,藜麦替代传统食用碱,研制藜麦-荞麦凉粉。经响应面实验结合模糊数学法,以色泽、气味、形态、质地为感官指标,对凉粉制作工艺进行优化,并对不同处理的凉粉进行质构特性的测定。结果表明,75℃加热时间1 h,原料(荞麦:藜麦)为5∶1 g/g,液料比为3∶1 m L/g,复合胶(黄原胶∶卡拉胶∶瓜尔豆胶质量比为4∶5∶4)添加量为0.45%,在此条件下制备的凉粉的凝胶均匀,效果最佳,感官评分为87分。通过本实验研究以期为杂粮食品的研发提供一定的参考。

百香果草莓果冻加工工艺优化及其感官评价

【目的】探明百香果草莓复合果冻的最优加工工艺,改善果冻口感和品质以满足消费者需求,为实际生产加工复合果冻提供参考。【方法】以百香果和草莓鲜果浓浆为原材料调配复合果汁浓浆,以无水柠檬酸和白砂糖为辅料,并用琼脂、卡拉胶和黄原胶配成复合凝胶剂,采用单因素和正交试验优化果冻加工工艺,开发一款具有百香果和草莓风味的复合型果冻。【结果】复合果汁浓浆(M_(百香果浓浆)∶M_(草莓浓浆)=1∶3)、复合凝胶剂(M_(黄原胶)∶M_(卡拉胶)∶M_(琼胶)=1∶2∶1)、无水柠檬酸和白砂糖最优添加量分别为9%~11%、1%~1.2%、0.02%~0.04%和2.5%~3.5%。复合凝胶剂添加量对百香果草莓果冻感官品质的影响最大(7.3),其次是白砂糖(5.7)、复合果汁浓浆(5.0)和无水柠檬酸(4.3);百香果草莓果冻的最佳工艺配方为复合果汁浓浆、复合凝胶剂、无水柠檬酸和白砂糖最优添加量分别为9%、1.1%、0.03%和3%,综合感官评分为95分。【结论】百香果草莓果冻在最优工艺(9%复合果汁浓浆+1.1%复合凝胶剂+0.03%无水柠檬酸+3%白砂糖)条件下无杂质和气泡、软硬和甜度适中、富有弹性和咀嚼感,具有百香果和草莓的典型风味。

高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆和蜂王浆干粉中羟甲基糠醛含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆和蜂王浆干粉中羟甲基糠醛含量。方法将蜂王浆经氨水碱化,使样液呈中性或者弱碱性,用乙酸乙酯提取,离心,取上清液蒸干后复溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,采用C_(18)色谱柱分离,以羟甲基糠醛为标准品进行外标法定量,以高效液相色谱仪进行检测。结果羟甲基糠醛在20~500μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数r2为0.9983,添加回收率为86.1%~100.8%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~8.0%,检出限为6μg/kg,定量限为20μg/kg。对11个样品进行测定,蜂王浆和蜂王浆干粉中羟甲基糠醛含量不等,与储存条件有关。结论本研究方法可用于检测蜂王浆及其冻干粉中羟甲基糠醛的含量,羟甲基糠醛具有评价蜂王浆及其冻干粉新鲜度的潜力。

外源供给硬脂酸对工蜂10-羟基-2-癸烯酸合成的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加硬脂酸对工蜂10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10⁃HDA)合成的影响,为高品质蜂王浆的生产提供技术指导。选取群势相近的浙江浆蜂10群,随机分成2组,对照组和硬脂酸组,每个组5群。试验期间,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,硬脂酸组在基础饲粮中添加2%的硬脂酸。整个试验期为75 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著降低了工蜂的总采食量和粉料采食量(P<0.05),显著降低了第24天蜂群群势(P<0.05),但对各时间点(第12天、第24天和第36天)蜂群封盖子数量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著提高了蜂王浆中10⁃HDA的含量(P<0.05),但对蜂王浆产量没有显著影响(P>0.05);外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著增加了9和18日龄工蜂头部10⁃HDA含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著提高了18日龄工蜂上颚腺中10⁃HDA合成相关基因脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、细胞色素P4506AS8(CYP6AS8)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶1(ACOX1)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶3(ACOX3)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)、电子转移黄素蛋白β肽(ETF⁃β)和蜂王浆主蛋白1(mrjp1)的表达(P<0.05),同时显著增加了18日龄工蜂血淋巴和9日龄工蜂中肠中三酰甘油的含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,外源供给硬脂酸有助于促进工蜂上颚腺对10⁃HDA的生物合成,提高蜂王浆中10⁃HDA含量。

蜂王浆新鲜度评价指标及其检测方法研究进展

蜂王浆是工蜂上颚腺和咽下腺共同分泌的乳白色、淡黄色或浅橙色浆状物质,对蜜蜂级型分化起决定性作用,其生物学活性对于维持人体健康也具有重要作用。然而在贮存不当时,蜂王浆极易腐败,导致其生物学功能丧失,品质下降。所以,蜂王浆新鲜度是评价其质量的重要指标,完善现行蜂王浆质量评价体系的新鲜度指标,有利于蜂王浆产业的可持续发展。该文以蜂王浆的组成成分为基础,对蜂王浆新鲜度的评价指标及其检测方法进行综述,以期为蜂王浆新鲜度的研究提供参考价值。

卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响

目的优化莲子果冻的制备工艺,并探究卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响。方法在单因素实验的基础上,通过感官评价、质构分析、低场核磁、傅里叶红外光谱和微生物平板计数法,对莲子果冻的理化指标和微生物指标进行测定。结果当莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉的添加量分别为16%、4%和14%时,莲子果冻的感官评分最高。卡拉胶的添加可以提高果冻凝胶的强度和保水性。当卡拉胶的添加量为0.6%时,莲子果冻的硬度最好、弹性最佳。卡拉胶有序的双螺旋结构可以增强凝胶网络对水分子的束缚,降低果冻的横向弛豫时间,减少体系中的自由水分布。傅里叶红外光谱证明,卡拉胶通过氢键相互作用与蛋白质分子发生交联。莲子蛋白的二级结构随着卡拉胶的添加而发生改变,蛋白质的α-螺旋向β-折叠和β-转角转化,有利于促进凝胶网络的形成。适量的添加卡拉胶有助于提高果冻的持水能力,延长产品的货架期。莲子果冻经过20d的储藏,其微生物指标均符合国家标准。结论卡拉胶的添加有助于改善以莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉为主要原料的果冻产品的品质,研究结果对于莲子产业发展和新型功能食品的开发具有一定的指导意义。

基于模糊数学和感官评分优化乌梅多糖果冻配方研究

以乌梅多糖为主要原料,以感官评分的模糊综合评判值为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用模糊数学结合正交试验设计研究了乌梅多糖保健果冻的最佳配方。结果表明,最佳配方为乌梅多糖浓度5%、异麦芽低聚糖添加量4%、氯化钾添加量0.07%、复合胶(魔芋粉∶卡拉胶为1∶1)添加量1.0%。在此条件下乌梅多糖果冻色泽均匀,口感细腻爽滑,风味独特,具有一定的营养价值和保健功能。

我国蜂王浆高产蜂种的培育与利用概述

我国作为世界最大的蜂王浆生产国与出口国,蜂王浆高产蜂种及其配套生产技术无疑为我国蜂产业带来巨大的经济效益,蜂王浆高产蜂种的培育与利用显得尤为重要。本文从蜂王浆高产机理研究、蜂王浆高产蜂种的培育过程、蜂王浆高产蜂种的利用情况,以及蜂王浆高产蜂种的培育展望这四个方面进行深入探讨,旨在为我国的蜂王浆高产蜂种培育与利用工作提供一定的参考,进一步推动我国蜂产业的健康发展。