The Regional Economic Impacts of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Signal Peak Energy

This paper quantifies the regional economic contributions of coal exports from the US using a case study of Signal Peak Energy in Montana. Two methods of estimating economic contributions are compared, contribution and impact analysis. The latter is adopted because the industry impact analysis is more accurate, especially since it is based upon accounting records from Signal Peak. Our estimates of regional economic and fiscal impacts do not vary significantly with the price of coal because we explicitly account for swings in royalty income. Our analysis finds that Signal Peak Energy supports 678 jobs, over $55 million in tax revenues, more than $90 million in royalties, $111.7 million in value added, and $62.3 million in labor income. Curtailing or halting Signal Peak’s coal production for environmental reasons as some environmental groups have argued would eliminate these economic contributions.

Optimization of Hydrocracking Process for Enhanced BTX Production from Coal Tar-Derived Hydrorefined Products

Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of coal.This study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derived from coal tar to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX).Various reaction conditions,including reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,space velocity,and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio,were systematically explored to optimize BTX yields while also considering the process’s economic feasibility.The results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature from 360℃ to 390℃ significantly favors the production of BTX,with yields increasing from 21.42%to 41.14%.Similarly,an increase in hydrogen pressure from 4 MPa to 6 MPa boosts BTX production,with yields rising from 36.31%to 41.14%.Reducing the space velocity from 2 h^(-1) to 0.5 h^(-1) also favors the BTX production process,with yields increasing from 37.96%to 45.13%.Furthermore,raising the hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio from 750 to 1500 improves BTX yields from 41.61%to 45.44%.Through economic analysis,the optimal conditions for BTX production were identified as a reaction temperature of 390℃,hydrogen pressure of 5-6 MPa,space velocity of 1 h^(-1),and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio of 1000,achieving a BTX yield of 43.73%.This investigation highlights the importance of a holistic evaluation of hydrocracking conditions to optimize BTX production.Furthermore,the findings offer valuable insights for the design and operation of industrial hydrocracking processes aimed at efficiently converting coal tar-derived hydrorefined feedstock into BTX.

Hydrocracking of Low-Temperature Coal Tar over CoMo Catalysts Supported on ZrO2-Al2O3 Composite Oxides

A series of CoMo/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts with different contents of ZrO2 were prepared and characterized through XRD,XPS,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,HR-TEM,and N2 adsorption-desorption technologies.The performance of the catalysts for low-temperature coal tar(LTCT)hydrocracking reaction was investigated.The interaction between active metals and Al2O3 was weakened with the introduction of ZrO2,which increased the MoS2 content and the stack layer number of MoS2 slabs to further promote the catalytic performance.At the same time,the amount of acid sites increased with an increasing ZrO2 content.When the ZrO2 content reached 32%,the pore volume of the catalyst decreased significantly.This phenomenon reduced the content of MoS2 and the stack layer number of MoS2 slabs,which were not conducive to improving the catalytic performance.The catalyst containing 24%of ZrO2 exhibited the best catalytic performance for hydrocracking reaction,with the residue conversion and the total yield of gasoline and diesel fractions reaching 60.64%and 66.54%,respectively,which could fulfill the requirements for hydrocracking LTCT.

Construction of a macromolecular structural model of Chinese lignite and analysis of its low-temperature oxidation behavior

The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combined with experimental results of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), a structural model for the large molecular structure was constructed. By analyzing the bond lengths in the model molecule, the evolution law for the active structure of lignite was predicted for the process of low-temperature oxidation. In low-temperature oxidation,alkanes and hydroxyls are the primary active structures observed in lignite, though ether may also react. These active functional groups react with oxygen to release heat, thereby speeding up the reaction between coal and oxygen. Finally, the content of various functional groups in the process of lignite low-temperature oxidation was analyzed by infrared analysis, and the accuracy of the model was verified.

Study on Ecological Compensation for Coal Mining Activities Based on Economic Externalities

The development and exploration mode of coal resource activities in China result in tremendous waste of resources and ecological environment pollution problems. This article analyzed the use of economic theory of externalities of coal mining activities from the point of environmental economics principles, proposed the ecological compensation connotation of coal mining activities, and analyzed the feasibility of the implementation of ecological compensation from economic viewpoint.

Evaluation of gas production from multiple coal seams： A simulation study and economics

Gas production from multiple coal seams has become common practice in many coal basins around the world. Although gas production rates are typically enhanced, the economic viability of such practice is not well studied. In order to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of multiple coal seams production, reservoir simulation integrated with economics modelling was performed to study the effect of important reservoir properties of the secondary coal seam on production and economic performance using both vertical and horizontal wells. The results demonstrated that multiple seam gas production of using both vertical and horizontal wells have competitive advantage over single layer production under most scenarios. Gas content and permeability of the secondary coal seam are the most important reservoir properties that have impact on the economic feasibility of multiple seam gas production. The comparison of vertical well and horizontal well performance showed that horizontal well is more economically attractive for both single well and gas field. Moreover, wellhead price is the most sensitive to the economic performance, followed by operating costs and government subsidy. Although the results of reservoir simulation combined with economic analysis are subject to assumptions, multiple seam gas production is more likely to maintain profitability compared with single layer production.

A Causality Analysis of Coal Consumption and Economic Growth for China and India

China and India are the two countries with the strongest economic growth in the world. Meanwhile they consume much of the global coal to fuel their economic development. With coal burning as a major factor contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions, China and India are confronted with a dilemma of economic growth and environment protection. Will coal consumption reduction cause economic shocks? Is there a causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in China and India? In this paper Granger causality tests were used to examine the relationship between coal consumption and GDP in China and India, using data for the period from 1965 to 2006. It was found that a unidirectional causality from GDP to coal consumption existed in China while a unidirectional causality from coal consumption to GDP did in India. Therefore, developing cleaner and more efficient technologies is essential to reduce their CO2 emissions to reach sustainable development.

Economic analysis of coal depleted cities and investment countermeasures

Based on a comprehensive material and research, various factors are analyzed that influence coal depleted cities economic development. From this analysis investment countermeasures are put forward for the coal depleted cities economy development.

Economics of Coalbed Methane in North West Spain

Coal during its carbonization process produces a gas. This gas, mainly formed by methane, can be used. The use of CBM (Coal bed methane) as an energetic resource is not much known in Spain. This work is the first step to enhance the development of this resource in Castilla y León. A theoretical review and a state of the art description have been carried out, taking into account all the factors that can influence in the development of a CBM project. Then CBM resources have been quantified by Castilla y León accurately for every coal bed. After that, technical feasibility has been used to evaluate total amount of gas that can be recovered. The last step was to evaluate economic feasibility to know how much gas could be economically profitable. This paper covers the economic factor and exploitation options of CBM in Castilla y León, considering technical parameters together with costs and economic requirements for the tow most promising areas in north-west Spain. The main findings include that a CBM system would be feasible in Guardo-Barruelo, however, the economic feasibility will be limited to long operation time of the wells and an increase of the prices of natural gas. In North Leon, the results show a high profitability even under low natural gas prices.

The environment of coal mining areas and the economic evaluation of the land reclamation

The environment impact of the coal resources mining was analyzed. The method of economic evaluation for the coal mining was established to analyze land destruction. The opportunity cost method was used to quantitatively analyze and estimate the economic loss of the land destruction by coal mining. At the same time, the dump land reclamation of the Yuanbaoshan Open Pit was taken as an example to evaluate environmental and economical benefit with the method of economic evaluation for the coal mining areas land reclamation.

供热锅炉选型与经济性分析

循环流化床锅炉、煤粉工业锅炉因能效高、环保性能好,是燃煤工业锅炉的重要发展方向,为满足锅炉选型需要,从技术性能、运行维护、经济、环保等方面对两种炉型对比分析,并结合项目案例进行实践比选。项目案例表明:因所在地周边无集中制粉厂家,该案例煤粉工业锅炉需要炉前制粉,煤粉工业锅炉方案建设投资比循环流化床锅炉方案高626万元,蒸汽生产成本比循环流化床锅炉方案低33.6万元/a;由于煤粉工业锅炉附属制粉工艺安全隐患较多,因此,从经济性和安全性考虑,项目案例选用循环流化床锅炉方案。两种炉型没有绝对的优劣,循环流化床锅炉适应煤质范围宽,煤粉工业锅炉更适应周边环境要求高、自动化水平高的区域,要根据具体场景、条件,选择最适宜的炉型。

低碳氨燃料生命周期碳排计算和应用前景探究

文章梳理了低碳氨的燃料属性和特点,测算了目前技术水平下低碳氨生命周期碳排因子,对低碳氨与煤制氨的成本进行了分析,指出随着技术进步成本进一步下降,风光发电制低碳氨燃料经济性将逐步体现,未来具有发展空间。低碳氨生命周期碳排因子生产环节排放占90%以上,生产环节中碳排基本上是制氢和制氮用电导致,因此降低碳排主要方向是减少生产环节用电量和尽可能增加绿电使用量。

化学团聚耦合低温省煤器强化除尘协同脱硫废水零排放试验研究

煤燃烧产生的细颗粒物和烟气脱硫产生的脱硫废水是燃煤电厂污染治理的难点。该文提出一种化学团聚耦合低温省煤器强化除尘协同脱硫废水零排放的处理工艺。将加入团聚剂的工艺水或脱硫废水通过双流体雾化喷入低温省煤器前烟道,细颗粒物在化学团聚剂液桥力的作用下发生团聚长大,沿程水分蒸发后,液桥力转化为固桥力形成大的团聚体,耦合低温省煤器促进静电除尘器对细颗粒物的脱除效率。示范试验结果表明,运行化学团聚可使粉尘排放浓度降低63.1%,168 h内平均粉尘排放浓度为2.66 mg/m^(3);基于运行数据优化了团聚剂喷量与低温省煤器循环水量;连续运行脱硫废水对强化除尘效果没有明显影响,实现了超低排放以及脱硫废水零排放。

加强煤质管理 实现提质增效

分析了煤质管理中存在的煤质管理体系不完善、原煤及商品煤管控不足等问题,针对济宁二号矿井地质条件复杂、煤炭质量不稳定的情况,提出了加强煤质管理的主要措施:完善质量管理体系;加大井下原煤质量管理力度;加强工作面质量控制力度,合理搭配开采,力保原煤质量稳定;开展井下大杂物专项整治和杂物事故教育活动;强化对商品煤质量动态管控;狠抓商品煤水分考核力度;强化外购煤配煤管理;开展“三零”工程;优化产品结构等。通过以上措施,降低了原煤和精煤含杂率,商品煤质量不断提高,树立了良好的质量品牌,实现了提质增效。

环境目标约束对能源结构低碳转型的影响

加快能源消费结构低碳转型是实现中国式现代化发展的重要途径。鉴于中国资源禀赋的特殊性和区域能源分布差异,各地区对煤炭的依赖程度有很大差别。煤炭资源依赖程度对能源结构低碳转型的差异性影响值得高度关注。为系统评估环境目标约束对煤炭资源依赖地区能源消费结构低碳转型的影响,该研究在理论分析环境目标约束对各地区能源消费结构的内在影响机理,以及经济增长压力和绿色金融在其中发挥的调节作用基础上,以中国特色环境目标约束制度为准自然实验,中国30个省份2003—2020年面板数据为样本,采用广义双重差分模型实证检验环境目标约束对地区能源消费结构低碳转型的影响,并讨论了经济增长压力与绿色金融对该影响的调节作用。研究结果表明:①环境目标约束制度实施后,相比非煤炭资源依赖地区,煤炭资源依赖地区能源消费结构低碳转型受阻,说明存在“绿色悖论”效应。该结论在考虑相关政策影响、运用合成工具变量等方法处理内生性问题后依然稳健。②影响机制检验表明,在煤炭资源依赖地区,地方政府在环境目标约束和经济增长目标“双目标”压力下,更有动力推动能源消费结构低碳转型;受金融监管水平和企业“洗绿”行为影响,绿色金融加剧了煤炭资源依赖地区的能源转型困境。③基于地区市场环境的拓展性分析表明,相比高市场化水平地区,低市场化水平地区的环境目标约束对能源消费结构低碳转型的抑制作用更为突出。研究建议高度重视煤炭资源依赖地区的能源消费结构调整,因地制宜有序推进能源结构低碳转型;将“绿色”作为地方经济增长的底色,以绿色发展理念引领地方经济增长;构建科学高效的绿色金融监管制度,确保绿色金融资金真正运用到绿色低碳项目中;完善市场化的环境规制机制,塑造良好的营商环境。

基于Choquet模糊积分的煤矿安全投入经济效益评价

为提高煤矿企业的经济效益,合理安排各项安全投入,构建一种解决指标间相关性的模型。首先,剖析基于安全投入的经济效益的影响因素,在此基础上构建一套较为科学合理的结构指标体系;其次,利用熵权法确定各个指标的权重;然后,针对指标之间存在的相关性,基于安全投入结构,引入熵权-基于2-可加模糊测度的Choquet模糊积分模型,计算经济效益评价值;最后,选取某煤矿进行实证分析,验证所构建模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明:所构建的模型比逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法更具有可靠性;该模型考虑指标之间相互影响、相互关联情况,能够得到较为准确、科学的评价结果。

300 MW超临界二氧化碳燃煤发电机组热经济性分析

针对300 MW超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2))部分冷却循环和部分冷却再热循环燃煤发电系统,建立了热经济性数学模型,以循环热效率η_(t)、系统㶲效率η_(ex)及平准化度电成本C_(LCOE)为评价指标,对不同系统和不同关键参数进行热经济性对比分析。结果表明:在设计工况下,与部分冷却循环系统相比,在部分冷却再热循环下η_(t)高0.33%,η_(ex)高0.35%;在相同参数条件下,2个发电机组燃煤消耗成本占比均超过70%,锅炉成本远高于其他设备成本;存在最优的主压缩机入口压力,使得η_(t)、η_(ex)达到最大,同时C_(LCOE)达到最小;随着主压缩机入口温度的增大,η_(t)、η_(ex)逐渐减小,C_(LCOE)则逐渐增大;η_(t)、η_(ex)随着透平入口温度的增大线性提升,C_(LCOE)则先减小后增大。

面向“双碳”战略的印染污泥干化焚烧技术经济环境综合评价研究

污泥干化焚烧热电联产是印染行业减污降碳的重要举措,污泥焚烧过程中控制煤炭添加比例(煤泥比)是这类项目核准和运行考核的重要指标,本研究旨在解决污泥低煤炭掺烧面临的经济收益和减碳绩效平衡问题,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。依托华东某印染园区2500t/d污泥焚烧项目,基于煤泥比不超过20%的管理要求,构建集成技术经济分析和生命周期评价的多目标优化模型,运用NSGA-II算法,揭示热电比、污泥含水率、固体回收燃料(SRF)掺烧比例等指标对项目经济性和碳排放的影响。结果表明:①当案例项目的热电比从50%提高到100%时,价格差异使经济效益提高22.0%,但碳排放平均增长约8.0%。②在稳定运行前提下,当入炉污泥含水率由45%提高到55%,入炉混合燃料量由36.7 t/h提高到41.8 t/h,原煤用量分别为7.3和8.3 t/h时,可使供热量增加28.1%、供电量增加18.1%,项目经济性提高,但该工况下化石碳排放增加。③可通过提高入炉污泥含水率使Pareto前沿面向项目经济效益提高且碳排放水平减少的方向移动,同时较高入炉污泥含水率下可通过恰当的经济性的降低获得较大的碳减排,污泥焚烧项目不应单纯追求入炉污泥的低含水率。④针对因污泥量不足导致的锅炉负荷低的情况,可通过掺加SRF稳定锅炉负荷,保持运行经济性;在污泥足量情况下,掺加SRF可替代部分煤炭,降低煤炭掺烧的碳排放。研究显示,印染污泥干化焚烧热电联产具有良好的经济效益和减污降碳效应,面向“双碳”战略,需要加快建立工业园区能源系统整体优化和污泥焚烧处置长效机制,优化技术模式,加强区域资源优化配置。

燃煤电站掺烧污泥热力学与经济性分析

我国污泥产量逐年增加,如何对其进行无害化、资源化处理成为亟待解决的问题,拟将燃煤电站与污泥干燥系统耦合,湿污泥干燥后进行掺烧。以某典型超临界660MW机组为研究对象,在THA工况下,通过对锅炉进行热力计算和对系统整体进行热力学分析及经济性分析,研究掺烧不同含水率(10%、20%、35%、50%、65%)不同掺烧量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的干化污泥对排烟温度、锅炉效率、净发电效率、湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率等参数的影响。结果表明:当干化污泥含水率超过50%时会导致参数恶化且随掺烧量的增加变化趋势加剧;干化污泥的含水率应控制在50%及以下,若超过此值,掺烧量应小于4%;掺烧污泥导致系统的㶲效率降低,主要原因是锅炉和干燥设备的㶲损失增加;当掺烧含水率为20%,掺烧量为10%的干化污泥时,系统经济性最好,动态回收周期仅为4.02年。

2023-2024年中国煤炭产业经济形势研究报告

2023年,我国经济整体回升向好,煤炭产业继续落实能源保供任务,供需形势整体趋于宽松,价格同比有所下降,中矿(北京)煤炭产业景气指数整体呈现微幅下跌走势。展望2024年,煤炭需求有望在宏观经济复苏回暖的带动下,继续呈现增长趋势;受产量增速放缓、进口煤空间难以扩大影响,煤炭供给量增长将趋于放缓。总体看,2024年煤炭供需形势将呈现略微紧平衡态势,煤炭产业经济将继续保持稳中有进的发展趋势。在此背景下,短期内应继续提高我国煤炭增产保供能力,坚持创新发展,解决煤炭行业发展原动力问题,并关注煤炭与新能源的协同发展。