Numerical Simulation and Entropy Production Analysis of Centrifugal Pump with Various Viscosity

The fluid’s viscosity significantly affects the performance of a centrifugal pump.The entropy production method and leakage are employed to analyze the performance changes under various viscosities by numerical simulation and validated by experiments.The results showed that increasing viscosity reduces both the pump head and efficiency.In addition,the optimal operating point shifts to the left.Leakage is influenced by vortex distribution in the front chamber and boundary layer thickness in wear-ring clearance,leading to an initial increase and subsequent decrease in leakage with increasing viscosity.The total entropy production Spro,Total inside the pump rises with increasing viscosity.The different mechanisms dominate under varying conditions:Turbulent dissipation dominates at low viscosity.Under high-viscosity conditions,energy loss is primarily caused by direct dissipation Spro,D and wall entropy production Spro,W.This study provides a deeper and more objective understanding of the energy characteristics of centrifugal pumps handling fluids of various viscosity,potentially aiding in optimizing pump design and improving energy conversion efficiency.

The Influence of Paraffinic Base Oil on Low-temperature Viscosity of Naphthenic Base Oil

Low-temperature viscosity of lube oils mixed with paraffinic base oil and naphthenic base oil at different mass ratios has been tested by experiments. The influence of paraffinic base oil on the performance of naphthenic base oil was investigated by studying the low-temperature viscosity of tested oils. The viscosity of lube oils increased with an increasing content of high-viscosity paraffinic base oil in the oil mixture. And the low-temperature viscosity was less influenced when the content of paraffinic base oil in the mixture was insignificant. In order to reduce the cost for formulating lubricating oil, a small fraction of paraffinic base oil can be added into naphthenic base oil as far as the property of lubricating oil can meet the specification. According to the study on low-temperature viscosity of the oil mixed with paraffinic base oil and naphthenic base oil, a basic rule was worked out for the preparation of qualified lubricating oils.

Effect of Viscosity on Pumping-Up of Newtonian Fluid Driven by a Rotating Cone

Effect of viscosity on flow patterns of pumping-up of liquid generated by a cone rotating at the liquid surface has been experimentally studied with various concentrations of glycerol aqueous solution. We have previously found that the higher viscous non-Newtonian fluid was lifted-up along the conical surface with a radial filament-wise pattern, which is quite different from the monotonic thin film-wise pattern observed for the lower viscous fluid such as water. In order to elucidate the pumping-up mechanism, a transition diagram indicating the critical rotation rate is obtained as a function of viscosity?of Newtonian fluid in this study, varying from the lower value of water (μ?=?0.890 mPa·s) to the higher one of glycerin (μ?= 910?mPa·s). It is found that there are three categories depending on the viscosity classified as?1) film-wise pumping-up region for the viscosity?μ?≤?134?mPa·s,?2) filament-wise pumping-up one for the viscosity?μ?≥?520?mPa·s, and?3) no pumping-up phenomenon occurs?for 134??μ??mPa·s.

A Flexible Valve Based Piezoelectric Pump for High Viscosity Cooling Liquid Transportation

A piezoelectric pump with flexible valve has been developed to pump high viscosity cooling liquid in the nanosats thermal control system. The structure of the flexible valve is designed according to the characteristics of the human aortic shape with the aim to simulate the bionic pumping function of the human heart. Dynamic stress-strain features of the flexible valve are analyzed by the finite element method,and the results show that the proposed flexible valve is suitable and functional for the piezoelectric pump. Then the cylinder and diffuser/nozzle piezoelectric pumps based on flexible valves have been developed and fabricated. Experimental results of the output performance indicate that the maximum flow rate of the cylinder piezoelectric pump with flexible valve is 15.38 mL/min,170.77% higher than the diffuser/nozzle piezoelectric pump with flexible valve. The ability of the cylinder piezoelectric pump with flexible valve for transmitting high viscosity liquid has been validated. The piezoelectric pump with flexible valve has potential applications in the nanosats thermal control system.

A review of low-temperature heat recovery technologies for industry processes

The amount of low-temperature heat generated in industrial processes is high,but recycling is limited due to low grade and low recycling efficiency,which is one of the reasons for low energy efficiency.It implies that there is a great potential for low-temperature heat recovery and utilization.This article provided a detailed review of recent advances in the development of low-temperature thermal upgrades,power generation,refrigeration,and thermal energy storage.The detailed description will be given from the aspects of system structure improvement,work medium improvement,and thermodynamic and economic performance evaluation.It also pointed out the development bottlenecks and future development trends of various technologies.The low-temperature heat combined utilization technology can recover waste heat in an all-round and effective manner,and has great development prospects.

Quantifying the Efficiency Advantages of High Viscosity Index Hydraulic Fluids

By providing higher in-use viscosity at elevated operating temperatures,hydraulic fluids with high viscosity index improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.For mobile hydraulic equipment this efficiency can be quantified as an increase in fuel economy.This paper reviews the research that demonstrates these efficiency advantages in gear,vane and piston pumps and presents a method for predicting the overall fuel economy for a fleet of hydraulic equipment in operation.Finally a `Maximum Efficiency Hydraulic Fluid’ performance definition is presented which will enable an equipment operator to easily improve the performance of the system and reduce fuel consumption.

Experimental Study of Cavitation Phenomenon in a Centrifugal Blood Pump Induced by the Failure of Inlet Cannula

Cavitation of centrifugal blood pump is a serious problem accompany with the blocking failure of short inlet cannula. However, hardly any work has been seen in published literature on this complex cavitation phenomenon caused by the coupling effect of inlet cannula blocking and pumps suction. Even for cavitation studies on ordinary centrifugal pumps, similar researches on this issue are rare. In this paper, the roles of throttling, rotation speed and fluid viscosity on bubble inception and intensity in a centrifugal blood pump are studied, on the basis of experimental observations. An adjustable throttle valve installed just upstream blood pump inlet is used to simulate the throttling effect of the narrowed inlet cannula. The rotation speed is adjusted from 2 600 r/rain to 3 200 r/min. Glycerin water solutions are used to investigate the influences of kinetic viscosity. Bubbles are recorded with a high-speed video camera. Direct observation shows that different from cavitation in industrial centrifugal pumps, gas nuclei appears at the nearby of vane leading edges while throttling is light, then moves upstream to the joint position of inlet pipe and pump with the closing of the valve. It＇s found that the critical inlet pressure, obtained when bubbles are first observed, decreases linearly with viscosity and the slope is independent with rotation speeds; the critical inlet pressure and the inlet extreme pressure which is obtained when the throttle valve is nearly closed, fall linearly with rotation speed respectively and the relative pressure between them is independent with rotation speed and fluid viscosity. This paper studies experimentally on cavitation in centrifugal blood pump that caused by the failure of assembled short inlet cannula, which mav beneficial the desima of centrifugal blood Dumo with inlet cannula.

Capillary pumping independent of the liquid surface energy and viscosity

Capillary pumping is an attractive means of liquid actuation because it is a passive mechanism,i.e.,it does not rely on an external energy supply during operation.The capillary flow rate generally depends on the liquid sample viscosity and surface energy.This poses a problem for capillary-driven systems that rely on a predictable flow rate and for which the sample viscosity or surface energy are not precisely known.Here,we introduce the capillary pumping of sample liquids with a flow rate that is constant in time and independent of the sample viscosity and sample surface energy.These features are enabled by a design in which a well-characterized pump liquid is capillarily imbibed into the downstream section of the pump and thereby pulls the unknown sample liquid into the upstream pump section.The downstream pump geometry is designed to exert a Laplace pressure and fluidic resistance that are substantially larger than those exerted by the upstream pump geometry on the sample liquid.Hence,the influence of the unknown sample liquid on the flow rate is negligible.We experimentally tested pumps of the new design with a variety of sample liquids,including water,different samples of whole blood,different samples of urine,isopropanol,mineral oil,and glycerol.The capillary filling speeds of these liquids vary by more than a factor 1000 when imbibed to a standard constant cross-section glass capillary.In our new pump design,20 filling tests involving these liquid samples with vastly different properties resulted in a constant volumetric flow rate in the range of 20.96–24.76μL/min.We expect this novel capillary design to have immediate applications in lab-on-a-chip systems and diagnostic devices.

深海极端环境下齿轮泵容积效率演变规律研究

大范围变海深环境下液压系统介质黏度变化及关键零部件形变明显,会对齿轮泵容积效率产生影响。为了研究齿轮泵在深海环境下容积效率的变化规律,建立了海深与齿轮泵容积效率的数学模型,通过理论和仿真分析了在不同海深下的齿轮泵的容积效率。结果表明:随着海深的增加,齿轮泵的容积效率逐渐增大。在海深达到11000 m的极限超高压的环境下时,转速以及温度的变化对齿轮泵容积效率影响较陆地更加明显。研究结果为深海齿轮泵优化提供了相关的理论依据,对水下液压元件和液压系统的设计具有一定的参考意义。

黏度对油气混输泵内气相和泄漏涡分布的影响

为了更准确地探究油气混输泵在高黏度条件下输送介质时,其流道内常常存在的泄漏涡、分离涡等这些涡流的特性,文中选用欧拉-欧拉非均相流模型对油气混输泵内气相分布以及涡分布进行分析,并使用刚性旋转涡量表征涡旋强度.研究表明:在混输泵叶轮流道内,气相的存在较大地影响了叶片表面流线的分布规律.偏设计工况下,当黏度较小时气相主要集中分布在压力面后半段,当黏度较大时气相在压力面后段分布较少.不同工况下泄漏涡的分布规律都与气相分布吻合度较高,在偏设计工况下,其气相在流道尾部的聚集度和黏度成正比,但是在大流量工况下流道内局部的气相聚集得到了改善.此外,由于高黏度条件下流道内湍流黏度较低以及剪切涡较多,所以在考虑刚性旋转时的涡量分布更为准确.研究结果可为油气混输泵的优化设计等提供理论参考.

黏温黏压下径向柱塞泵滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量分析

针对高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦失效和泄漏问题,以XDP1000型径向柱塞泵为例,对滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量进行了流场仿真和数值计算。首先,根据滑靴柱塞组件运动学特性分析,求解了滑靴偏转角变化规律,并通过建立滑靴副不同通道流量计算公式的方式,建立了滑靴副静压支承特性方程;然后,建立了滑靴副泄漏功率损失和摩擦功率损失模型,求解了滑靴副最佳油膜厚度,并分析了最佳油膜厚度的变化规律;最后,在考虑了油液黏温黏压特性的基础上,通过流场数值计算的方式,研究了滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量随径向柱塞泵工况参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:额定工况下,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值约为14μm,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值随着转子转角的增大而增大,随着工作压力和温度的增大而减小;滑靴运动方向侧油膜温度较另一侧高13 K,滑靴副温度值基本不受工作压力的影响,而随着转速的增大而升高;滑靴副阻尼孔泄漏量较滑靴边界泄漏量大0.02 kg/s,而且泄漏量随着压力、转速和油液温度的增大而增大。该研究结论可为高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副设计及优化提供参考。

黏度改性材料对泵送混凝土性能的影响

通过引入新型滑管仪预测泵送压力,以表征黏度改性材料对混凝土施工性能的改善情况,并研究了黏度改性材料对C50泵送混凝土的力学性能、干燥收缩、耐久性能的影响。结果表明:掺入适量的黏度改性材料可以明显降低混凝土的泵送压力,改善施工性能,促进了后期强度发展,降低干燥收缩,同时提高抗氯离子渗透性能和抗冻性能;当黏度改性材料掺量为8%时,混凝土的综合性能最佳。

粘性耗散效应下螺旋式泵效环的泵效性能研究

为探究因泵效环结构参数不同对密封腔温升及泵效性能变化规律的影响。基于公司之前使用的泵效环基础上优化模型,考虑粘性耗散效应,利用商业FLUENT软件对两种不同结构参数的螺旋式泵效环进行仿真模拟计算,对比分析转速、黏度、泵效环外径与静止件内径间隙及螺纹长度对耗散温升及泵效性能的影响。研究表明:转速、黏度、螺纹长度的增加有益于提升泵效性能,而随泵效环外径与静止件内径间隙的逐渐增大,泵效性能减弱;耗散温升随着转速和螺纹长度的增大呈现逐渐增长的趋势,随泵效环外径与静止件内径间隙的增大,呈现先增大后减小的趋势,优化前的泵效环耗散温升随黏度的增大,呈现逐渐增大趋势,优化后则逐渐减小;该研究成果为螺旋式泵效环基于粘性耗散下流动规律研究和设计应用提供了理论基础。

电潜离心泵内流场及外特性的数值模拟分析

针对目前油田使用的两种不同叶导轮结构的电潜离心泵,包括传统径向流泵和聚驱用混向流泵,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)研究方法,建立电泵内流场的数值仿真,在流量80~200m^(3)/d范围内,研究泵输送不同运动黏度为1~40mm^(2)/s介质时特性差异。在介质黏度为1和40mm^(2)/s,流量为80~180m^(3)/d工况下,使用FLUENT软件选用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法进行求解,分析两种泵在不同工况下的内部流场变化规律,通过流场分析探究叶轮结构对泵外特性的影响机制。仿真得到泵的扬程、效率曲线,发现泵性能出现变化的工况点与叶轮内流场分析结果相对应,并根据泵叶轮的内流场分布和泵的性能曲线分析两种泵所适用的工况。结果表明,径向流泵适用于大流量和高黏度工况,混向流泵适用于较低流量和中低黏度工况,为不同工况下泵的选择及泵的优化提供理论依据。

考虑气液耦合作用的柱塞泵三角槽空化特性分析

针对柱塞泵在运转过程中容易产生空化现象,建立了液压油黏度计算方程。方程在考虑黏温特性的前提下进一步增加了气液耦合作用的影响。根据柱塞泵结构特点,建立了柱塞泵内部流体域仿真模型,并通过压力特性试验验证了模型结果的准确性。最后探究了三角槽宽度角和深度角结构参数对柱塞泵空化特性的影响。结果表明,仿真与试验在出口压力均值上的对比误差小于4%,仿真模型可以较好地模拟柱塞泵工作实况;考虑气液耦合作用的黏度模型在配流盘内、外死点处均存在黏度下降;三角槽宽度角和深度角的增加均导致气体体积分数下降,有利于抑制空化现象,且内死点空化现象较外死点更加严重。

含气量对混凝土流变参数及力学性能的影响

为了研究影响混凝土的流变参数,通过掺入引气剂改变混凝土含气量对混凝土流变性能及力学性能的影响进行分析。根据混凝土拌和物性能标准,利用混凝土流变仪、塌落度桶试验,测试混凝土的塌落度、扩展度、含气量以及流变参数,并对混凝土拌和物的流变学参数与力学性能进行分析。结果表明:在保证混凝土强度的前提下,掺用适量引气剂在混凝土拌和物内形成适量微小的封闭球状气泡,可以降低集料颗粒间的相互作用力(摩擦阻力),从而可降低屈服剪切应力和粘度、改善拌和物流变性能;引气剂掺量过大,混凝土强度下降明显。结合流变参数和抗压强度测试结果,引气剂掺量控制在0.1/10000~0.5/10000之间较为合适;提高混凝土含气量可以改善其流动性,降低泵送混凝土单位长度的压力损失。

超高压柱塞泵柱塞副的油膜温度特性研究

柱塞副油膜温度特性是影响超高压柱塞泵性能的重要因素,针对油膜温度导致超高压柱塞泵容积效率低和密封失效等问题,对柱塞副间隙油膜温度特性进行了分析,研究了不同因素对超高压柱塞泵柱塞副油膜温度特性的影响规律。首先,建立了超高压状态下油液的黏温黏压方程和柱塞泵工作过程中的柱塞运动方程;然后,分析了间隙中流体的流动状态,采用ANSYS-Fluent研究了柱塞副间隙油膜温度场分布情况和负载压力、主轴转速、间隙高度、密封长度等四种因素对油膜温度的影响规律;最后,通过四因素四水平正交试验,确定了各因素对油膜温度影响的主次顺序。研究结果表明:负载压力每增加10 MPa,油膜最高温度升高6℃左右;主轴转速每提高100 r/min,油膜最高温度增加0.76℃左右。间隙高度越大,间隙出口油膜温度波动越小;负载压力对油膜温度影响程度最大,密封长度影响最小。该研究结果可为超高压柱塞泵柱塞副的设计提供参考。

混合黏度约束下的润滑油顶线油回抽判定

文章运用系统工程学思维,通过对R企业现有的顶线油回抽流程以及润滑油的混合黏度计算公式进行分析,建立了待装产品混合黏度与顶线油回抽加入比例的数学模型。文章借助R企业实际生产的10批齿轮油数据,通过线性回归的方式推导出随机误差项的数值,确定了目标数学模型的最终表达式,并借助EXCEL软件建立了顶线油回抽的判定程序,通过判断待装油品的实际罐存是否达到计算罐存下限值的方式判定是否可以执行顶线油回抽操作,该模型对指导R企业实际生产中的顶线油操作具有实际意义。

某型电泵叶轮流道结构设计及仿真分析

某型电泵作为特种船舶动力辅助系统的核心设备,其核心组件-多级离心泵,承担着将流体持续泵出,保持系统高效运行的作用。普通的离心泵多是以水为介质,在制造和测试阶段也是以水来评估其性能的。此型电泵由于应用场景特殊,面对粘度显著增加的油介质时,由于介质物理性质的巨大差异,电泵的工作效率往往会受到严重影响,为了确保电泵能够持续保持高效、安全、稳定且合理的运行状态,现深入研究了离心泵中的关键部件叶轮,并对其流道进行了分析,旨在优化泵体内部流体的流动路径,减少因介质粘度增大而带来的额外能量损失和流动阻力,从而显著提升电泵在处理高粘度油介质时的整体性能表现。

XB油田FY储层油井高效抽汲技术研究

FY储层单井具有完井深度深、产液量低、含水率低、黏度高、易卡泵等特点,同时受地层能量特征影响,采出井示功图呈现“供液不足”的现象较为突出,并且存在系统效率低、降黏技防措施耗电高、频繁卡泵等问题。通过对FY采出井个性化精细参数调整、不停机间抽制度模板制定、清防蜡降黏与解卡配套技术等方面开展研究并应用,最终达到降低该区块系统能耗,实现高效、低成本运行的目的。通过治理,年节电量达到了187.38×10^(4) kWh,年创经济效益132.31万元。