Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal managemen...Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.展开更多
目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对老年下腹部手术患者应激反应及炎症因子的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年3月至2022年3月在浙江中医药大学附属金华中医院收治的行老年下腹部手术患者90例,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。两组...目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对老年下腹部手术患者应激反应及炎症因子的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年3月至2022年3月在浙江中医药大学附属金华中医院收治的行老年下腹部手术患者90例,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。两组患者均采用全凭静脉麻醉,研究组联合应用超声引导下腰方肌阻滞术(0.5%利多卡因30 m L+0.2%罗哌卡因20 m L+0.9%氯化钠溶液5 mL)后进行手术。比较两组患者手术前后应激反应指标[心率(HR)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心输出量(CO)]、炎症因子(IL-6、CRP、TNF-α)、静息和运动时视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、术后相关指标、术后3 d不良反应发生情况。结果研究组术后24、72 h的IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平及HR、DBP、SBP、CO均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组患者静息和运动时VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组术后排气时间、术后初次走路时长变化水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用超声引导下腰方肌阻滞能够有效改善老年下腹部手术患者术后疼痛感,调节应激反应,降低炎症因子的水平,安全性较高。展开更多
文摘Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.
文摘目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对老年下腹部手术患者应激反应及炎症因子的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年3月至2022年3月在浙江中医药大学附属金华中医院收治的行老年下腹部手术患者90例,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。两组患者均采用全凭静脉麻醉,研究组联合应用超声引导下腰方肌阻滞术(0.5%利多卡因30 m L+0.2%罗哌卡因20 m L+0.9%氯化钠溶液5 mL)后进行手术。比较两组患者手术前后应激反应指标[心率(HR)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心输出量(CO)]、炎症因子(IL-6、CRP、TNF-α)、静息和运动时视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、术后相关指标、术后3 d不良反应发生情况。结果研究组术后24、72 h的IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平及HR、DBP、SBP、CO均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组患者静息和运动时VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组术后排气时间、术后初次走路时长变化水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用超声引导下腰方肌阻滞能够有效改善老年下腹部手术患者术后疼痛感,调节应激反应,降低炎症因子的水平,安全性较高。
