Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that th...Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C-C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain,while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane.As a result,more than 2%of light products(gas plus naphtha)and3%more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.展开更多
This article illustrates the application of the ICR series lube oil isodewaxing catalysts in commercial scale and proposes the strategy on long cycle operation and optimization of catalysts. The results of commercial ...This article illustrates the application of the ICR series lube oil isodewaxing catalysts in commercial scale and proposes the strategy on long cycle operation and optimization of catalysts. The results of commercial application of the catalyst have revealed that the catalyst after pretreatment including drying, sulfidation and reduction can process VGO into base oils meeting the HVI II and HVI II+ standards, and can manufacture base oils meeting the HVI III standard after incorporating the filtrate oil or gatch from acetone-benzene solvent dewaxing unit. The nitrogen content of the feed oil to the IDW reactor should be controlled at 1.0—1.5 ppm, while the CO and CO2 contents in fresh hydrogen is strictly controlled to avoid poisoning of the IDW-HDF catalysts.展开更多
This article presents the successful experience in adopting the Isodewaxing technology in the lube oil unit of Shanghai Gaoqiao refinery. In line with the demand of different crude slate for different reaction depth, ...This article presents the successful experience in adopting the Isodewaxing technology in the lube oil unit of Shanghai Gaoqiao refinery. In line with the demand of different crude slate for different reaction depth, and good match between the optimal product quality and the yield, the refinery has make strenuous efforts to optimize the operation and reduce the energy consumption to manufacture high-quality hydrogenated base stocks.展开更多
A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil s...A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC （total dissolved organic carbon） showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS （extracellular polymeric substances）, which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/（cm2·day） in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.展开更多
A new type of environmentally friendly lube additive-amide type modified rapeseed oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-alumi...A new type of environmentally friendly lube additive-amide type modified rapeseed oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems were investigated with a four-ball machine and an Optimol SRV friction and wear tester respectively.The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The worn surfaces of the 2024Al alloy block were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that the modified rapeseed oil as additives can obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient of steel pair and steel-aluminum frictional pair. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength complex protection films form on the worn surface of the Al alloy due to the adsorption or tribochemistry reaction of a long chain additive molecule and high reaction activity of N element.展开更多
Surfactants are used for formulation metal working fluids. These fluids are applied to the interface between a cutting tool and the metal working piece to provide friction reduction. In the present paper, poly aromati...Surfactants are used for formulation metal working fluids. These fluids are applied to the interface between a cutting tool and the metal working piece to provide friction reduction. In the present paper, poly aromatic ammonium sulphonate and polyaromatic benzyl triethanolamsonium ethoxylate with 6 ethylene oxide units were synthesized and blended with coupling agent like dodecyl alcohol and oleic acid to produce cutting fluid and evaluate as antiwear. Values of surface tension of these additives were measured in oil phase and consequently CMC was determined for all additives and their mixtures in oil phase. The efficiency of these additives depends on their chemical structure and the presence of ether oxygen brings about the association of the surfactant with metal surface, hence very good wetting properties. The antiwear characteristic of surfactants increases with increasing polar linkages in the aromatic moieties forming chelated and coordinated layer. This is due to the increase in the number of sites to chemisorption on the metal surface. The films formed are highly condensed ring aromatic layered structures. These films provide lower wear and depend on the type of surfactants concentration and sliding speed. The surface of metal was analyzed by SEM/EDX techniques. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the surfactants and their film forming. More confirmation for suggested mechanism was investigated by measuring the area occupied per molecule of the surfactant in oil phase. The results indicate that the sulphonate group is less efficient than ethoxylate group. At the same time, the micelle of surfactants acts as oil dispersant and improves adsorption of oil on the metal surface.展开更多
In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting ...In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting different process schemes depending upon the properties of the highly sour crude. The Liaohe naphthenic-base crude oil with low freezing point is earmarked for manufacture of naphthenic lube oils and heavy traffic paving asphalt, while the extra-heavy Liaohe crude with high acid number is routed directly to delayed coking unit coupled with corresponding corrosion preventing measures, resulting in tackling the problem of equipment corrosion arising from refining of Liaohe highly sour crude to obtain light distillates from Liaohe heavy crude through a short process scheme.展开更多
The oxidation stability of lubricating oil has a critical influence on the oil performance during service. In this paper, dibenzyl-S-phenyl thioglyconitrile and other derivatives were prepared by phase transfer cataly...The oxidation stability of lubricating oil has a critical influence on the oil performance during service. In this paper, dibenzyl-S-phenyl thioglyconitrile and other derivatives were prepared by phase transfer catalysts and investigated as antioxidants. These compounds were added to oil in different concentrations. The antioxidants activities of different dosages were evaluated and the mechanism was suggested according to micelle and its thermodynamics. The oxidation of the oil has been carried out at different time intervals. The degradation of the oil has been monitored by total acid formation. Oxidation stability of lube oil was largely affected by sulphur and concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in oil, with the increased sulphur content increasing oxidation stability. The prepared compounds gave higher oxidation stability than imported compound (IRCANOX L 135-CIBA).展开更多
Surfactants used for formulation metal working fluids. In the present paper, the inhibitive effect of synthesized anionic surfactant P-decyloxy p-sodium sulphonateazobenzene with chemical structure H21C10O-Ph-N=N-Ph-S...Surfactants used for formulation metal working fluids. In the present paper, the inhibitive effect of synthesized anionic surfactant P-decyloxy p-sodium sulphonateazobenzene with chemical structure H21C10O-Ph-N=N-Ph-SO3Na and 1-ethyl-1-dodecyl-2-sulphonate-4-(hydroxyl ethyl)-piprazine on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulphuric acid solution is measured by the weight loss method. The relationships between the concentrations of these inhibitors and their surface properties, thermodynamic properties, surface coverage and inhibiting efficiency, have been investigated. The results indicate that P-decyloxy p-sodium sulphonate azobenzene is superior to 1-ethyl-1-dodecyl-2-sulphonate-4-(hydroxyl ethyl)-piprazine at high acid concentration. These inhibitors blend with coupling agent to produce water miscible cutting fluid. Values of surface tension of these additives were measured in water phase and consequently CMC was determined for all inhibitors. The efficiency of these inhibitors depends on their chemical structure and the presence of hydrophilic group to association of the surfactant with metal surface, hence very good wetting properties. The anti-corrosion characteristic of surfactants increases with increasing polar linkages in the aromatic moieties forming chelated and coordinated layer. This is due to the increase in number of sites to chemisorption on the metal surface. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the surfactants and their efficiency. More confirmation for suggested mechanism was investigated by measuring the area occupied per molecule of the surfactant at aqueous phase. The results indicate that the amphoteric surfactant more efficient than anionic surfactant. The antioxidants activities of different dosages of inhibitors were evaluated and suggested mechanism according to their thermodynamics parameters. The oxidation of the oil has been carried for different time intervals. The degradation of the oil has been monitored by total acid formation.展开更多
In a gas turbine power plant,the lubrication oil must be hot enough for the turbine start-up where the unit is in standstill mode.Currently,the strategy to heat the lubrication oil of ANSALDO V94.2 gas turbine power p...In a gas turbine power plant,the lubrication oil must be hot enough for the turbine start-up where the unit is in standstill mode.Currently,the strategy to heat the lubrication oil of ANSALDO V94.2 gas turbine power plant is operating the units in turning gear mode or interval mode.However,these strategies cause to suffering the power plant from high power consumption rate and aging.In this study,an auxiliary portable heating system was added to the unit 5 of the MAPNA built MGT-70(an Iranian version of V94.2)Aliabad Katoul-Iran power plant for increasing the lube oil temperature.Irreversibility,cost-effectiveness,and availability of the proposed heating system are studied by the concepts of exergy,economy,and reliability analyses,respectively.The result of the exergy analysis shows that by using the auxiliary portable lube oil heating system the exergy destruction decreases about 94.7%and 92.6%in comparison with turning gear mode and interval mode,respectively.The result of the economic analysis shows that the auxiliary portable heating system consumes less power rather than turning gear mode.Moreover,it is a cost-effective system which has no penalty and no non-profit production.Finally,the reliability analysis shows that the auxiliary portable lube oil heating system is a reliable tool during its lifetime.展开更多
基金financial supports by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0306702)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C-C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain,while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane.As a result,more than 2%of light products(gas plus naphtha)and3%more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.
文摘This article illustrates the application of the ICR series lube oil isodewaxing catalysts in commercial scale and proposes the strategy on long cycle operation and optimization of catalysts. The results of commercial application of the catalyst have revealed that the catalyst after pretreatment including drying, sulfidation and reduction can process VGO into base oils meeting the HVI II and HVI II+ standards, and can manufacture base oils meeting the HVI III standard after incorporating the filtrate oil or gatch from acetone-benzene solvent dewaxing unit. The nitrogen content of the feed oil to the IDW reactor should be controlled at 1.0—1.5 ppm, while the CO and CO2 contents in fresh hydrogen is strictly controlled to avoid poisoning of the IDW-HDF catalysts.
文摘This article presents the successful experience in adopting the Isodewaxing technology in the lube oil unit of Shanghai Gaoqiao refinery. In line with the demand of different crude slate for different reaction depth, and good match between the optimal product quality and the yield, the refinery has make strenuous efforts to optimize the operation and reduce the energy consumption to manufacture high-quality hydrogenated base stocks.
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No. 08230707100)the State Education Ministry (No.200802471044)+2 种基金the National Major Project of Science& Technology Ministry of China (No. 2008ZX07421-002)the International S&T Cooperation Projects from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2009DFA90740)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China (No. PCR-RY08001)
文摘A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC （total dissolved organic carbon） showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS （extracellular polymeric substances）, which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/（cm2·day） in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new type of environmentally friendly lube additive-amide type modified rapeseed oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems were investigated with a four-ball machine and an Optimol SRV friction and wear tester respectively.The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The worn surfaces of the 2024Al alloy block were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that the modified rapeseed oil as additives can obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient of steel pair and steel-aluminum frictional pair. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength complex protection films form on the worn surface of the Al alloy due to the adsorption or tribochemistry reaction of a long chain additive molecule and high reaction activity of N element.
文摘Surfactants are used for formulation metal working fluids. These fluids are applied to the interface between a cutting tool and the metal working piece to provide friction reduction. In the present paper, poly aromatic ammonium sulphonate and polyaromatic benzyl triethanolamsonium ethoxylate with 6 ethylene oxide units were synthesized and blended with coupling agent like dodecyl alcohol and oleic acid to produce cutting fluid and evaluate as antiwear. Values of surface tension of these additives were measured in oil phase and consequently CMC was determined for all additives and their mixtures in oil phase. The efficiency of these additives depends on their chemical structure and the presence of ether oxygen brings about the association of the surfactant with metal surface, hence very good wetting properties. The antiwear characteristic of surfactants increases with increasing polar linkages in the aromatic moieties forming chelated and coordinated layer. This is due to the increase in the number of sites to chemisorption on the metal surface. The films formed are highly condensed ring aromatic layered structures. These films provide lower wear and depend on the type of surfactants concentration and sliding speed. The surface of metal was analyzed by SEM/EDX techniques. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the surfactants and their film forming. More confirmation for suggested mechanism was investigated by measuring the area occupied per molecule of the surfactant in oil phase. The results indicate that the sulphonate group is less efficient than ethoxylate group. At the same time, the micelle of surfactants acts as oil dispersant and improves adsorption of oil on the metal surface.
文摘In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting different process schemes depending upon the properties of the highly sour crude. The Liaohe naphthenic-base crude oil with low freezing point is earmarked for manufacture of naphthenic lube oils and heavy traffic paving asphalt, while the extra-heavy Liaohe crude with high acid number is routed directly to delayed coking unit coupled with corresponding corrosion preventing measures, resulting in tackling the problem of equipment corrosion arising from refining of Liaohe highly sour crude to obtain light distillates from Liaohe heavy crude through a short process scheme.
文摘The oxidation stability of lubricating oil has a critical influence on the oil performance during service. In this paper, dibenzyl-S-phenyl thioglyconitrile and other derivatives were prepared by phase transfer catalysts and investigated as antioxidants. These compounds were added to oil in different concentrations. The antioxidants activities of different dosages were evaluated and the mechanism was suggested according to micelle and its thermodynamics. The oxidation of the oil has been carried out at different time intervals. The degradation of the oil has been monitored by total acid formation. Oxidation stability of lube oil was largely affected by sulphur and concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in oil, with the increased sulphur content increasing oxidation stability. The prepared compounds gave higher oxidation stability than imported compound (IRCANOX L 135-CIBA).
文摘Surfactants used for formulation metal working fluids. In the present paper, the inhibitive effect of synthesized anionic surfactant P-decyloxy p-sodium sulphonateazobenzene with chemical structure H21C10O-Ph-N=N-Ph-SO3Na and 1-ethyl-1-dodecyl-2-sulphonate-4-(hydroxyl ethyl)-piprazine on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulphuric acid solution is measured by the weight loss method. The relationships between the concentrations of these inhibitors and their surface properties, thermodynamic properties, surface coverage and inhibiting efficiency, have been investigated. The results indicate that P-decyloxy p-sodium sulphonate azobenzene is superior to 1-ethyl-1-dodecyl-2-sulphonate-4-(hydroxyl ethyl)-piprazine at high acid concentration. These inhibitors blend with coupling agent to produce water miscible cutting fluid. Values of surface tension of these additives were measured in water phase and consequently CMC was determined for all inhibitors. The efficiency of these inhibitors depends on their chemical structure and the presence of hydrophilic group to association of the surfactant with metal surface, hence very good wetting properties. The anti-corrosion characteristic of surfactants increases with increasing polar linkages in the aromatic moieties forming chelated and coordinated layer. This is due to the increase in number of sites to chemisorption on the metal surface. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the surfactants and their efficiency. More confirmation for suggested mechanism was investigated by measuring the area occupied per molecule of the surfactant at aqueous phase. The results indicate that the amphoteric surfactant more efficient than anionic surfactant. The antioxidants activities of different dosages of inhibitors were evaluated and suggested mechanism according to their thermodynamics parameters. The oxidation of the oil has been carried for different time intervals. The degradation of the oil has been monitored by total acid formation.
文摘In a gas turbine power plant,the lubrication oil must be hot enough for the turbine start-up where the unit is in standstill mode.Currently,the strategy to heat the lubrication oil of ANSALDO V94.2 gas turbine power plant is operating the units in turning gear mode or interval mode.However,these strategies cause to suffering the power plant from high power consumption rate and aging.In this study,an auxiliary portable heating system was added to the unit 5 of the MAPNA built MGT-70(an Iranian version of V94.2)Aliabad Katoul-Iran power plant for increasing the lube oil temperature.Irreversibility,cost-effectiveness,and availability of the proposed heating system are studied by the concepts of exergy,economy,and reliability analyses,respectively.The result of the exergy analysis shows that by using the auxiliary portable lube oil heating system the exergy destruction decreases about 94.7%and 92.6%in comparison with turning gear mode and interval mode,respectively.The result of the economic analysis shows that the auxiliary portable heating system consumes less power rather than turning gear mode.Moreover,it is a cost-effective system which has no penalty and no non-profit production.Finally,the reliability analysis shows that the auxiliary portable lube oil heating system is a reliable tool during its lifetime.
