Effect of Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring Plus Additional Support on Blood Pressure Control:A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective Current clinical evidence on the effects of home blood pressure telemonitoring(HBPT)on improving blood pressure control comes entirely from developed countries.Thus,we performed this randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether HBPT plus support(patient education and clinician remote hypertension management)improves blood pressure control more than usual care(UC)in the Chinese population.Methods This single-center,randomized controlled study was conducted in Beijing,China.Patients aged 30-75 years were eligible for enrolment if they had blood pressure[systolic(SBP)≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic(DBP)≥90 mmHg;or SBP≥130 mmHg and/or DBP≥80 mmHg with diabetes].We recruited 190 patients randomized to either the HBPT or the UC groups for 12 weeks.The primary endpoints were blood pressure reduction and the proportion of patients achieving the target blood pressure.Results Totally,172 patients completed the study,the HBPT plus support group(n=84),and the UC group(n=88).Patients in the plus support group showed a greater reduction in mean ambulatory blood pressure than those in the UC group.The plus support group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved the target blood pressure and maintained a dipper blood pressure pattern at the12th week of follow-up.Additionally,the patients in the plus support group showed lower blood pressure variability and higher drug adherence than those in the UC group.Conclusion HBPT plus additional support results in greater blood pressure reduction,better blood pressure control,a higher proportion of dipper blood pressure patterns,lower blood pressure variability,and higher drug adherence than UC.The development of telemedicine may be the cornerstone of hypertension management in primary care.

ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC BALLS LUBRICATED BY LUBRICANTS WITH EXTREME PRESSURE ADDITIVES

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of lubricant10#, which contains extreme pressure additives T304 and T305, on the rolling contact fatigue （RCF） life of the contact pairs of a Si3N4 ceramic ball and a steel rod. The experimental investigation is carried out using a ball-rod RCF test rig. The results show that the extreme pressure additives increase the anti-contact-fatigue performance of ceramic balls; When the content of the additives varies from 1% to 5%, the increasing gradient of the RCF life curve decreases; And the oil sample with 1% T305 additive corresponds to the maximal gradient of the RCF life curve, with the RCF life being increased by about 10.77 times. The fatigue surface of the ceramic ball is analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray electron dispersion analysis（EDAX）, and the physical model of extreme pressure additives＇ increasing the RCF life of the ceramic ball is proposed. It is found that the extreme pressure additives form a corrosive film and a transfer film on the surface of the ceramic ball, which decrease the surface tangential stress, and to increase the surface energy is the most effective means for increasing the RCF life.

Effect of holding pressure on density and cooling rate of cast Al-Si alloy during additive pressure casting

The cast Al-Si alloy was fabricated using the Additive Pressure Casting(APC)method.The effects of holding pressure from 50 to 400 k Pa on the density,cooling rate,and mechanical properties of the alloy,and the corresponding mechanism were discussed.The results indicate that the application of high holding pressure(300 k Pa)enhances the feeding ability of the alloy,leading to an increase of the density.Meanwhile,the cooling rate of the alloy is increased by 100%.In addition,the tensile testing results show that the increase of holding pressure from 50 to 300 k Pa improves the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy by 6.2%and 81.3%,respectively.However,excessive holding pressure(400 k Pa)might lower the density and cooling rate of the alloy due to the feeding channels being blocked.

Influence of Additive Gas on Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet

Electrical and optical properties of an argon plasma jet were characterized. In particular, effects of an additive gas, namely nitrogen or oxygen, on these properties were studied in detail. The plasma jet was found to be of a glow-like discharge, which scarcely changed upon the injection of an additive gas, either directly or through a glass capillary. Optical emission spectroscopy characterization revealed that excited argon atoms were the predominant active species in this plasma jet. Metastable argon atoms were highly quenched, and N2（C3yIu） became the main energy carrier following nitrogen injection. When oxygen was added to the afterglow zone through a glass capillary, no significant quenching effect was observed and the number of oxygen atoms decreased with the increase in oxygen concentration. Finally, to demonstrate an application of this plasma jet, a high-density polyethylene surface was treated with argon, argon/nitrogen, and argon/oxygen plasmas.

B-C Bond in Diamond Single Crystal Synthesized with h-BN Additive at High Pressure and High Temperature

The synthesis of diamond single crystal in the Fe64Ni36-C system with h-BN additive is investigated at pressure 6.5 GPa and temperature range of 1300-1400℃. The color of the obtained diamond crystals translates from yellow to dark green with increasing the h-BN addition. Fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） results indicate that sp2 hybridization B-N-B and B-N structures generate when the additive content reaches a certain value in the system. The two peaks are located at 745 and 1425cm-1, respectively. Fhrthermore, the FTIR characteristic peak resulting from nitrogen pairs is noticed and it tends to vanish when the h-BN addition reaches 1.1 wt%. Furthermore, Raman peak of the synthesized diamond shifts down to a lower wavenumber with increasing the h-BN ~ddition content in the synthesis system.

SUB-ADDITIVE PRESSURE ON A BOREL SET

The goal of this paper is to investigate topological conditional pressure of a continuous transformation as defined for sub-additive potentials. This study presents a vari- ational inequality for sub-additive topological conditional pressure on a closed subset, which is the other form of the variational principle for the sub-additive topological pressure pre- sented by Cao, Feng, and Huang in [9]. Moreover, under some additional assumptions, this result can be generalized to the non-compact case.

Topological Tail Pressure for Asymptotically Sub-additive Continuous Potentials

We define the topological tail pressure and the conditional pressure for asymptotically sub-additive continuous potentials on topological dynamical systems and obtain a variational principle for the topological tail pressure without any additional assumptions.

Growth and annealing study of hydrogen-doped single diamond crystals under high pressure and high temperature

A series of diamond crystals doped with hydrogen is successfully synthesized using LiH as the hydrogen source in a catalyst-carbon system at a pressure of 6.0 GPa and temperature ranging from 1255 C to 1350 C.It is shown that the high temperature plays a key role in the incorporation of hydrogen atoms during diamond crystallization.Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy reveals that most of the hydrogen atoms in the synthesized diamond are incorporated into the crystal structure as sp 3-CH 2-symmetric（2850 cm-1） and sp 3 CH 2-antisymmetric vibrations（2920 cm-1）.The intensities of these peaks increase gradually with an increase in the content of the hydrogen source in the catalyst.The incorporation of hydrogen impurity leads to a significant shift towards higher frequencies of the Raman peak from 1332.06 cm-1 to 1333.05 cm-1 and gives rise to some compressive stress in the diamond crystal lattice.Furthermore,hydrogen to carbon bonds are evident in the annealed diamond,indicating that the bonds that remain throughout the annealing process and the vibration frequencies centred at 2850 and 2920 cm-1 have no observable shift.Therefore,we suggest that the sp 3 C-H bond is rather stable in diamond crystals.

Responses of wind-induced internal pressure in a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity Part 1:Theoretical formulation and experimental verification

The equations governing wind-induced internal pressure responses for a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity were derived.The unsteady form of the Bernoulli equation,the law of mass conservation,and adiabatic equation were used for the derivation.The precision of the governing equations was verified by a wind tunnel test on a rigid model of a low-rise building.The results show that the governing equations can effectively analyze the wind-induced internal pressure responses.The internal pressure responses in both compartments are suppressed due to the additional damping provided by background porosity.The responses of internal pressure in both compartments,especially in the compartment without an external opening,decrease with increased lumped leakage area.

Effects of Tectonic Force on Hydrostatic Pressure in Crust

The research into the hydrostatic pressure in the crust has been previously conducted from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity, based on the fact that the hydrostatic pressure is derived mainly from the gravity of its overlying rocks. In this paper, the stress state of any point in the crust is suggested to have been caused by both the gravity and the tectonic force. The author proposes that the hydrostatic pressure is a combination or superposition of two isotropic stresses in the tectonic force and gravity stress fields. The results obtained with a finite element simulation indicate that the additional hydrostatic pressure borne by rocks decreases gradually from the compression zone ( p s c), the shear zone ( p s sh ) to the tensile zone ( p s t), and that the difference in the additional tectonic hydrostatic pressure between these deformed zones tends to increase, following the increase in the absolute value and/or the difference in external forces between different directions. This paper presents the foundation for the research into the tectonic physicochemistry.

Evaluation of Inner Soil Pressure Acting on Opened Bottom Cylindrical Structure

An opened bottom cylinder is a large-diameter cylinder placed on a rubber base or embedded in a soil foundation. The settlement of such a cylinder differs greatly from that of a closed bottom cylinder and so does the distribution of inner soil pressure over the opened bottom cylindrical structure. Through investigation of the settlement and the inner soil pressure on the opened bottom cylinder by model experiments, the interactions among the filler inside the cylinder, subsoil and cylinder are analyzed. The adjusting mechanism of friction resistance between the inner filler and the wall of the cylinder during overturning of the cylinder is discussed. Based on the experimental study, a method for calculating the inner soil pressure on the cylindrical structure under axisymmetric loading or non- axisymmetric (with lateral) loading is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, the effective anti-overturning ratio of the opened bottom cylinder is derived.

Effects of FeNi-phosphorus-carbon system on crystal growth of diamond under high pressure and high temperature conditions

This paper reports the crystal growth of diamond from the Fe Ni–Carbon system with additive phosphorus at high pressures and high temperatures of 5.4–5.8 GPa and 1280–1360°C. Attributed to the presence of additive phosphorus,the pressure and temperature condition, morphology, and color of diamond crystals change obviously. The pressure and temperature condition of diamond growth increases evidently with the increase of additive phosphorus content and results in the moving up of the V-shape region. The surfaces of the diamonds also become coarse as the additive phosphorus added in the growth system. Raman spectra indicate that diamonds grown from the Fe Ni-phosphorus-carbon system have more crystal defects and impurities. This work provides a new way to enrich the doping of diamond and improve the experimental exploration for future material applications.

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride prepared with cubic-hexagonal boron nitride under high pressure and high temperature

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride(Pc BN)compacts,using the mixture of submicron cubic boron nitride(c BN)powder and hexagonal BN(h BN)powder as starting materials,were sintered at pressures of 6.5–10.0 GPa and temperature of1750℃without additives.In this paper,the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of samples were investigated.The XRD patterns of samples reveal that single cubic phase was observed when the sintering pressure exceeded 7.5 GPa and h BN contents ranged from 20 vol.%to 24 vol.%,which is ascribed to like-internal pressure generated at grain-to-grain contact under high pressure.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis shows that after high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)treatments,the submicron c BN grains abounded with high-density nanotwins and stacking faults,and this contributed to the outstanding mechanical properties of Pc BN.The pure bulk Pc BN that was obtained at 7.7 GPa/1750℃possessed the outstanding properties,including a high Vickers hardness(~61.5 GPa),thermal stability(~1290℃in air),and high density(~3.46 g/cm^(3)).

Experimental Study of Confining Pressure Initiated by Tectonic Force

An experimental study of the confining pressure, i.e. additional hydrostatic pressure initiated by the tectonic force is presented. The experimental progress is that the σ 1 is gradually increasing from 0 in a limiting movement ( ε 1=0) in the σ 1 direction and the speed rate of the accelerating load is 0.4 MPa·s -1 in the lateral and level directions. When σ 2= σ 3<200 MPa, Δ σ l is nearly lacking, Δ σ l is increasing at a high speed only when the horizontal force reaches 250-380 MPa, and Δ σ l almost ceases to increase at the level force of 380 MPa. It is calculated that the tectonic force can produce the confining pressure which is gradually increasing with σ 2= σ 3 before it reaches 380 MPa in an experiment. It is supposed that the horizontal force is almost all transformed into the confining pressure with the increase of the creep deformation of rocks.

Pressure State in Deep Crust and Formation Depth of UHP Metamorphic Rocks

This paper presents some questions to the formula of pressure=depth×specific gravity from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity of overlying rocks and the rocks in a static fluid state, which is drawn from the research and analysis of the research field and the corresponding problems of the pressure state in the deep crust and the formation depth of the UHP metamorphic rocks. In this research, the underground rocks are considered as the solid possessing some rheological behaviors to discuss the polysource stress state and to obtain a more reasonable method for the calculation of depths using the model of the unbalanced force solid. It is suggested from this paper that the P/SW method for the calculation of the ultrahigh pressure stemming only from the gravity has obviously overstated the formation depth of the UHP metamorphism. The formation model emphasizing the effect of the gravity, the tectonic force and the metamorphic force of the facies change concludes that such UHP minerals as coesite may have been produced in the inner crust.

Synthesis of large diamond crystals containing high-nitrogen concentration at high pressure and high temperature using Ni-based solvent by temperature gradient method

This paper reprots that with Ni-based catalyst/solvent and with a dopant of NAN3, large green single crystal diamonds with perfect shape are successfully synthesized by temperature gradient method under high pressure and high temperature in a China-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus （SPD-6 × 1200）, and the highest nitrogen concentration reaches approximately 121-1257 ppm calculated by infrared absorption spectra. The synthesis conditions are about 5.5 CPa and 1240-1300 ℃. The growth behaviour of diamond with high-nitrogen concentration is investigated in detail. The results show that, with increasing the content of NaN3 added in synthesis system, the width of synthesis temperature region for growth high-quality diamonds becomes narrower, and the morphology of diamond crystal is changed from cube-octahedral to octahedral at same temperature and pressure, the crystal growth rate is slowed down, nevertheless, the nitrogen concentration doped in synthetic diamond increases.

Effect of Fluorides and Cerium Dioxide Additives onEP and Antiwear Performance of Grease

CeF3. CaF2, (CF)n, SbF3, and CeO2 were selected as the high temperature solid additives in a lithium grease, and their friction, wear, and extreme pressure properties were evaluated on an Optimol-SRV wear tester. The effect of additive on the fiber structure of soap was studied by means of the transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The corrosive property of grease containing additive was evaluated by copper strip corrosion test. Thermal decomposition behaviors of the additives were studied by thermogravimetry(TG) tester. The adhesive strength of rubbing surface film was measured by automatic scratch tester and the wear surface was detected by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The test results showed that the grease containing CeF3 has good anti-wear, anti-friction, and EP performances, and has high adhesive strength of rubbing surface film.The greases containing CaF2 or (CF)n are good in antiwear and anti-friction properties, but poor in extreme pressure function. The tribological properties of the grease containing SbF3 are decreased.And the addition of CeO2 in grease was useless. Finally the mechanism of fluoride additive was proposed in this paper.

High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE) Surface Treatment Using an RF Capacitive Atmospheric Pressure Cold Ar Plasma Jet

In this study,a high-density polyethylene（HDPE,5-mm-thick,0.95 g/cm3） surface was treated using an RF capacitive atmospheric pressure cold Ar plasma jet.By using this Ar plasma jet,a hydrophilic HDPE surface was formed during the plasma treatment.In particular, the effects of an additive gas（N;or O2） on the HDPE surface treatment were investigated in detail.It was shown that the addition of N2 or O2 gas had an important influence on the HDPE surface treatment.Compared to pure Ar plasma treatment,a lower value of water contact angle （WCA） was obtained when a trace of N2 or O2 gas was added.It was also found that besides the quantities of active species in the plasma jet,the treatment temperature played an important role in the HDPE surface treatment.This is because surface molecular motion is not negligible when the treatment temperature is close to the melting point of the polymer.

Drag reduction of flow boiling with polymer additives

The drag reducing effect of polymer additive aqueous solution was investigated in flow boiling, and the polymer additives were two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM) with relative molecular mass about 2.56×10 6 and 8.55×10 6. The frictional pressure drop was calculated according to the measured total pressure drop. The results show that the flow drag of flow boiling is reduced by adding a small amount of PAM to water when heat flux is in the range of 15.1 kW·m -2 to 47.0 kW·m -2 , when the mass fraction of PAM is higher than 2.0×10 -5 , the drag reducing effect is obvious. Drag reducing effect of PAM, whose relative molecular mass is 8.55×10 6, is slightly better than that of 2.56×10 6 at the same mass fraction, and the greater the flow rate of the additive solution, the better the effect of the drag reduction.

EFFECTS OF TECTONIC FORCE ON HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE DURING PETROGENESIS AND METALLOGENESIS

Research on hydrostatic pressure in the crust has been previously conducted from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to gravity,considering the hydrostatic preessure in the geochemical process of petrogenesis and metallogenesis is mainly derived from the gravity of overlying rocks. This paper suggests that the stress state of any point in the crust is caused by both gravity and tectonic force.The author puts forward a viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is a combination or superposition of two isotropic stresses, i. e. tectonic force and gravity, in the stress field. The results obtained by a finite-element simulation indicate that the. additional hydrostatic pressure borne by rocks decreases gradually frotn the compression zone (K), the shear zone to the tensile sone (K) and the difference of the tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure between these deformed zones tends to increase, following the increase in absoIute vaIue and/or difference of external forces in different directions.This study tries to explain the effects of tectonic force on hydrostatic pressure during petrogenesis and metallogenesis,which will lay the foundation for research on tectonic physico-chemistry.