Eight of ten patients return to daily activities, work, and sports after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Besides return to work(RTW)and return to sports(RTS),patients also prefer to return to daily activities(RTA)such as walking,sleeping,grocery shopping,and domestic work following total knee arthroplasty(TKA).However,evidence on the timelines and probability of patients’RTA is sparse.AIM To assess the percentage of patients able to RTA,RTW,and RTS after TKA,as well as the timeframe and influencing factors of this return.METHODS A retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data was conducted at a medium-sized Dutch orthopedic hospital.Assessments of RTA,RTW,and RTS were performed at 3 mo and/or 6 mo following TKA.Investigated factors en-compassed patient characteristics,surgical characteristics,and preoperative patient-reported outcomes.RESULTS TKA patients[n=2063;66 years old(interquartile range[IQR]:7 years);47%male;28 kg/m2(IQR:4 kg/m2)]showed RTA ranging from 28%for kneeling to 94%for grocery shopping,with 20 d(IQR:27 d)spent for putting on shoes to 74 d(IQR:57 d)for kneeling.RTW rates varied from 62%for medium-impact work to 87%for low-impact work,taking 33 d(IQR:29 d)to 78 d(IQR:55 d).RTS ranged from 48%for medium-impact sports to 90%for low-impact sports,occurring within 43 d(IQR:24 d)to 90 d(IQR:60 d).One or more of the investigated factors influenced the return to each of the 14 activities examined,with R²values ranging from 0.013 to 0.127.CONCLUSION Approximately 80%of patients can RTA,RTW,and RTS within 6 mo after TKA.Return is not consistently in-fluenced by predictive factors.Results help set realistic pre-and postoperative expectations.

Relationship between physical activity and specific working memory indicators of depressive symptoms in university students

BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P<0.01).Physical Activity Scale-3 scores were significantly and positively correlated with the correct rate of the verbal working memory task(r=0.166)and the correct rate of the SWM task(r=0.210)(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks according to different exercise intensities(all P<0.05)and different exercise durations(all P<0.05),and no significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks by exercise frequency(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.

Participation in Daily Activities among Working Women Following Breast Cancer

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the variables explaining retained activity level for working women with breast cancer;the variables correlating with their performance in daily activities they prioritize;and factors facilitating or restricting their return to work. Method: Sixty working women with breast cancer aged 25 - 65 years completed a personal data questionnaire, the modified Activity Card Sort, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure;and two open- ended questions about facilitators and barriers to work. Results: Activity levels dropped by a quarter following BC treatments. Most women (67%) decreased their weekly working hours, although a third identified work as their highest priority. A higher total retained activity level was explained by fewer limitations on the range of motion (upper extremity), age younger than 45 years, and higher educational attainment. Cognitive limitations and limited range of motion negatively correlated with retained activity level at work. Personal and disease factors, job demands, and environmental factors facilitated or restricted return to work. Conclusion: Interventions should focus on physical and cognitive rehabilitation to regain functioning in the context of work and productive daily activities. Special attention should be paid to the greater needs of younger women.

Associations between near work, outdoor activity, parental myopia and myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;P<0.01)for one myopic parent and(OR:9.47;95%CI,3.88-23.13;P<0.01)for two myopic parents,longer daily reading hour(OR:1.21;95%CI,1.03-1.42;P=0.02)and less time outdoors(OR:0.8;95%CI,0.74-0.87;P<0.01).●CONCLUSION:Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.

Status and determinants of other gainful activities by farmers in mountainous rural regions of Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan

Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing countries.To implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots level.Yet,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of Pakistan.This study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan.The study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in GilgitBaltistan.Utilizing a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in OGAs.The survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural business.There are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other variables.The logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm diversification.These findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood strategies.Farm diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic needs.Both types of OGAs require specific support policies while attention needs to be given not to threaten regional food supply.

Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Capecitabine

Background: The employment status of workers with cancer has important implications for impairment of intimate and family relationships and for economic, social and psychological health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy with capecitabine in patients with colorectal cancer on work productivity and daily activity. Methods: 30 patients with primary diagnosis of stage III colorectal cancer were enrolled for our study. All patients received capecitabine twice daily at a cumulative dose of 2500 mg/m2 on days 1 -14 and repeated on day 22. Work productivity was determined using the WPAI questionnaire. Results: We observed a significant increase in absenteeism after 1 cycle, after 6 cycles of therapy and at follow-up (p 0.001). On the other hand, presenteeism, work productivity loss and daily activity impairment, increased after 1 cycle and 6 cycles of therapy, but we could not find statistically different significances. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with frailty and vulnerability. Chemotherapy with capecitabine may result in negative consequences for job performance.

Research on the Activity Frame Work of Using Visual Thinking Tools

The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we found that visual thinking tools can improve students＇ high order thinking ability and change the traditional teaching method. By using this activity frame work, the teachers can better understand what are the students thinking about and the students can use the thinking tools to help themselves solve complex problems and discuss with other people. The reason we do this research is to improve the high-order thinking ability of primary student. In this paper, we summarize an activity frame work of using visual thinking tools to improve students thinking ability. And the frame work can be divided into three stages： preparatory stage, implementation stage and assessment stage. And different stage has different activity. Though this activity frame work is not perfect enough, we will improve it in our future study.

Holding High the Great Banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory,Striving Hard to Promote Actively Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation—Work Report at the Third Membership Congress of the CCPIT and CCOIC

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Accounting for Heterogeneity in Stop Frequency Models of Work Tours Using Latent Class Poisson Models

Stop frequency models, as one of the elements of activity based models, represent an important part of travel behavior. Unobserved heterogeneity across the travelers should be taken into consideration to prevent biasedness and inconsistency in the estimated parameters in the stop frequency models. Additionally, previous studies on the stop frequency have mostly been done in larger metropolitan areas and less attention has been paid to the areas with less population. This study addresses these gaps by using 2012 travel data from a medium sized U.S. urban area using the work tour for the case study. Stop in the work tour were classified into three groups of outbound leg, work based subtour, and inbound leg of the commutes. Latent Class Poisson Regression Models were used to analyze the data. The results indicate the presence of heterogeneity across the commuters. Using latent class models significantly improves the predictive power of the models compared to regular one class Poisson regression models. In contrast to one class Poisson models, gender becomes insignificant in predicting the number of tours when unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. The commuters are associated with increased stops on their work based subtour when the employment density of service-related occupations increases in their work zone, but employment density of retail employment does not significantly contribute to the stop making likelihood of the commuters. Additionally, an increase in the number of work tours was associated with fewer stops on the inbound leg of the commute. The results of this study suggest the consideration of unobserved heterogeneity in the stop frequency models and help transportation agencies and policy makers make better inferences from such models.

The Role of Trait Activation Theory in Occupational Behavior:A Systematic Review

The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personality traits are more likely to predict work success?Which characteristics should businesses prioritize throughout the recruiting and selection processes?According to the Trait Activation Theory,what is the significance of motivation in the workplace and how can employers find employees who can be more productive,efficient,and involved in the organization’s goals?A systematic review of past recent research was used to answer the questions raised above.Following the gathering and examination of multiple recent publications on the issue,it was determined that the use of this model had a favorable impact on individual and group performance,working relationships,manager job performance,and workplace creativity.

“西学东译,以译报国”的翻译家马君武国内研究述评

马君武是近代中国“西学东译”的翻译家代表,一生译著逾40部,对近代中国社会进步与发展产生了重要影响。作为中国近代翻译史中的重要翻译家,马君武的翻译活动和翻译作品引起了学者的广泛关注。文章首先借助CiteSpace对马君武翻译研究作总体概述,其次对马君武的翻译活动与思想研究、翻译作品研究两方面的现状进行述评,最后总结其中存在的问题,并提出马君武研究应加强理论基础,深化翻译主体研究,重视翻译家与翻译史的互动关系,提高作品研究的整体性等建议,以期推动研究向纵深发展。

计及工况预测误差的主动配电网日前无功优化调度策略

为解决工况预测误差较大时,日前无功优化调度方案优化效果不佳的问题,提出了计及工况预测误差的主动配电网日前无功优化调度策略。首先,使用轻量级梯度提升机算法建立日前工况功率预测模型;其次,考虑大规模高比例分布式电源接入主动配电网,以调度时段内所有时间断面的多目标加权累加和为目标函数建立日前无功优化调度模型;最后,设计了一种变寻优粒子空间的改进引力搜索算法对日前无功优化调度模型进行求解,该算法根据历史工况预测误差评价指标调整寻优粒子空间各维度的上下限矩阵,从而抑制了当无功区域内工况预测误差较大时可控设备调度异常的缺陷。最后采用拓展的IEEE 33节点系统算例进行有效性验证。

空间站机械臂人机系统设计与验证

在充分调研国际空间站机械臂人机系统设计的基础上,结合中国空间站机械臂人机协同作业需求,建立了空间站机械臂“管理-设计-验证”全周期人机设计体系,通过人机项目规划、人机功能分配等管理要素,针对性地开展了空间机械臂人机系统详细设计,最后,从仿真分析、地面验证、在轨验证三大方面对人机系统进行了全要素全流程的验证,结果表明空间站机械臂人机系统设计合理,可应用于后续航天员出舱活动,保障航天员出舱活动安全、高效。研究结果将为空间机械臂人机系统设计与验证提供体系借鉴和工程指导。

幼儿体质健康水平与工作记忆加工的差异特征:来自fNIRS的证据

目的:探讨幼儿体质健康发展水平与工作记忆加工的大脑神经关联,为幼儿体质健康促进与认知发展提供依据。方法:选取98名4~6岁学龄前儿童,按照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的内容评估幼儿体质健康发展水平,采用功能性近红外光谱脑成像(fNIRS)技术,监测幼儿执行工作记忆任务时的大脑前额叶皮层血氧动力学信号,采用4(体质健康,分为优秀、良好、合格、不合格)×2(记忆难度,分为低记忆难度、高记忆难度)的混合实验设计探讨幼儿体质健康水平与大脑工作记忆时的行为学和前额叶氧合血红蛋白浓度差异。结果:1)在低记忆难度条件下,体质健康优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在右侧背外侧前额叶皮层(R-DLPFC)显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、右侧三角部布罗卡氏区(R-PTBA)、右侧额极区(R-FPA)及左侧背外侧前额叶皮层(L-DLPFC)显著大于合格组,在L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组;2)在高记忆难度条件下,优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于合格组和不合格组;良好组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在L-DLPFC和R-PTBA显著大于合格组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组,合格组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC、R-FPA及L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于不合格组;3)优秀组和良好组在高记忆难度条件下的R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于低记忆难度条件下;4)合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-FPA和L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下;5)不合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-PTBA的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下。结论:幼儿的体质健康发展水平与工作记忆存在密切关联,表现为体质健康发展水平越高,大脑在执行工作记忆任务时的前额叶相关皮层激活程度越高。

多次启动燃烧室燃油主动冷却模拟试验

高超声速飞行器在不同马赫数、不同高度间跳跃飞行时,燃烧室在不同工况下间歇工作,热载荷发生交替变化,为保证燃烧室结构正常工作,采用燃油主动冷却对燃烧室进行热防护。为了验证燃烧室在燃油主动冷却时是否结焦积碳进而影响其正常工作,设计了多次启动燃烧室燃油主动冷却模拟试验装置,该装置采用电加热的方法模拟高温来流产生的交变热载荷,对主动冷却燃烧室模拟试验件进行了热壁冷油、热壁热油和燃油不流动状态试验考核。结果表明:主动冷却燃烧室热结构通过3次以上的热壁冷油、热壁热油循环试验后,试件未发生损坏;随循环次数增加,试件流阻增加较小,热壁热油工况的压差增加高于热壁冷油工况;对试验件进行剖切检查,发现冷却槽内积碳不明显,积碳主要出现在燃油出口的燃料集液腔内。

考虑SOP的配电网电压有功无功协同优化

为解决高比例分布式电源接入配电网的节点电压波动等问题,提出了一种考虑智能软开关的配电网电压有功无功协同优化控制策略。首先,对影响节点电压波动的因素进行分析,说明可从有功和无功的角度对电压进行控制,对智能软开关的工作原理进行分析,它可以精确控制两侧所连馈线间传输的有功,且提供一定的无功功率;其次,建立了以有功网损最小和电压偏离最小为目标函数的配电网有功无功优化数学模型,并通过权重系数将其转化为单目标模型;再次,通过改进灰狼算法对本文所建模型进行求解;最后在IEEE33节点系统上进行仿真验证。结果表明:所提策略能有效减小系统节点电压波动和降低网损。

积极老龄化视域下促进老年人就业的法治路径

老龄化浪潮冲击着我国劳动市场、经济发展,也对社会安全制度的永续性构成威胁。除却推迟退休年龄、改革养老金制度及建构养老服务体系外,还应关注老年人的就业问题。作为回应人口结构老化的重要国际策略,将促进老年人就业的相关措施嵌入积极老龄化理论,透过健康、参与和安全维度的检视分析,可以为我国未来老年人就业促进法制的改革与发展提供重要参考与借鉴。具体而言,应形塑契合老年人身心健康的职业安全卫生制度,实行老年人特殊劳动保护和建立职务再设计制度;应强化老年人就业激励制度,有条件地适用强制退休、优化公共就业服务和职业培训制度;应完善老年人平等就业法律制度,禁止就业年龄歧视并明确就业老年人的劳动者地位。

基于特征模理论的机载微带有源二元阵列天线降耦技术

针对机载微带有源阵列天线单元间的互耦问题,提出了一种基于特征模理论的降耦方法。首先,通过分析天线单元被激励起的特征模式,筛选出工作模式和非工作模式;然后,根据阵列的结构、非工作模式的模式权重系数和特征远场方向图,分析出频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式;最后,通过抑制这些模式实现互耦降低,同时减少对工作模式的影响以保证天线性能。设计了频带为2.19 GHz~2.32 GHz的微带天线单元,通过对贴片修形、设置金属柱等措施抑制频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式。将改进前后的单元组成微带二元阵进行仿真,结果表明:改进后的二元阵,在整个频带内的S 21降低了3 dB以上、增益损失可接受、交叉极化得到改善。该方法为机载大型微带有源阵列天线的有效降耦提供了一条新思路。

积极老龄化视角下社会工作介入城市退休老人社会参与的研究——以S市G社区为例

随着城市退休老人数量的不断增长,如何发挥城市退休老人的优势并推动其继续积极社会参与是一个现实问题。走访调查发现,S市G社区城市退休老人社会参与条件基础较差、社会参与意识不足、社会行为动力缺失。基于此,在积极老龄化视角下,通过引入社会工作从个人层面挖掘城市退休老人的潜力,提高其社会参与行动资本;从社区层面构建城市退休老人社会支持网络,搭建其社会参与平台;从社会层面创设城市退休老人社会参与的条件,增强其行为动力,来帮助和调动城市退休老人更好地进行社会参与,实现“老有所为”和“老有所乐”的目标,助推社会和谐发展。