Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopicassisted radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy(LARG)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma(GC).However,the negative impact of this proce-dure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation.AIM To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed(PCV-VG)and volume-controlled ventilation(VCV)on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score(LUS).METHODS The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023,with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG(research group)and 51 cases undergoing VCV(control group).LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T0),20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(T1),30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum(PP)establishment(T2),and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal(T5).For blood gas analysis,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2))and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))were observed.Peak airway pressure(P_(peak)),plateau pressure(Pplat),mean airway pressure(P_(mean)),and dynamic pulmonary compliance(C_(dyn))were recorded at T1 and T2,1 hour after PP establishment(T3),and at the end of the operation(T4).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were recorded.Pre-and postoperative serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared with those at T0,the whole,anterior,lateral,posterior,upper,lower,left,and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1,T2,and T5;in the control group,the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions(posterior,lower,and right lung)decreased significantly at T2,while at T5,the LUS of the whole and some regions(lateral,lower,and left lung)increased significantly.In comparison with the control group,the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1,T2,and T5,with an increase in PaO_(2),decrease in PaCO_(2),reduction in P_(peak) at T1 to T4,increase in P_(mean) and C_(dyn),and decrease in Pplat at T4,all significant.The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively.Postoperative IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αsignificantly increased in both groups,with even higher levels in the control group.CONCLUSION LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV.Under the lung protective ventilation strategy,the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraop-erative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production,thereby alleviating lung injury.

First-line pemetrexed-platinum doublet chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A real-world propensity score-matched study in China

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of first-line bevacizumab(Bev)-containing pemetrexedplatinum chemotherapy in a real-world Chinese cohort with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NS-NSCLC).Methods: A total of 415 eligible patients with NS-NSCLC who received first-line pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy at National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between February 2010 and September 2017 were reviewed retrospectively: 309 Bev(-) and 106 Bev(+) cases. Bev was administered at 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks in the Bev(+) group. To reduce the risk of a selection bias, a propensity score-matching(PSM) was conducted and 105 pairs of Bev(-) and Bev(+) cases were identified.Results: The median duration of follow-up was 15.8 months. The median progression-free survival(PFS) was prolonged significantly in the Bev(+) group than in the Bev(-) group in overall(9.8 vs. 7.8 months, P=0.006) and PSM pairs(9.8 vs. 6.6 months, P<0.001). Moreover, patients receiving maintenance therapy with pemetrexed plus Bev had longer PFS than those interrupted after induction chemotherapy, or those receiving mono-maintenance with pemetrexed(12.3 vs. 4.8 vs. 8.6 months;P<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed Bev to be one of the favorable prognostic factors for PFS, along with the predictor of maintenance therapy.Conclusions: First-line induction and maintenance therapy with Bev(7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks) combined with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy was efficacious and superior to non-Bev chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced NS-NSCLC.

Radiomics-based predictive risk score: A scoring system for preoperatively predicting risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To develop and validate a radiomics-based predictive risk score(RPRS) for preoperative prediction of lymph node(LN) metastasis in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 717 who underwent surgical resection for primary NSCLC with systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy from October 2007 to July 2016. By using the method of radiomics analysis, 591 computed tomography(CT)-based radiomics features were extracted, and the radiomics-based classifier was constructed. Then, using multivariable logistic regression analysis, a weighted score RPRS was derived to identify LN metastasis. Apparent prediction performance of RPRS was assessed with its calibration,discrimination, and clinical usefulness.Results: The radiomics-based classifier was constructed, which consisted of 13 selected radiomics features.Multivariate models demonstrated that radiomics-based classifier, age group, tumor diameter, tumor location, and CT-based LN status were independent predictors. When we assigned the corresponding score to each variable,patients with RPRSs of 0-3, 4-5, 6, 7-8, and 9 had distinctly very low(0%-20%), low(21%-40%), intermediate(41%-60%), high(61%-80%), and very high(81%-100%) risks of LN involvement, respectively. The developed RPRS showed good discrimination and satisfactory calibration (C-index: 0.785, 95% confidence interval(95% CI):0.780-0.790)Additionally, RPRS outperformed the clinicopathologic-based characteristics model with net reclassification index(NRI) of 0.711(95% CI: 0.555-0.867).Conclusions: The novel clinical scoring system developed as RPRS can serve as an easy-to-use tool to facilitate the preoperatively individualized prediction of LN metastasis in patients with resectable NSCLC. This stratification of patients according to their LN status may provide a basis for individualized treatment.

Quantitative CT Indexes and CT Visual Score in Interstitial Lung Abnormality as Indicators of Concurrent Lung Cancer

Background: The associations between the severity of interstitial lung disease and the stage and histologic type of concurrent lung cancer remain unknown. Purpose: To evaluate whether the severity of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA), as indicated by quantitative computed tomographic (CT) indexes and CT visual score, was correlated with the stage and histological type of concurrent lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with surgically diagnosed lung cancer and ILA on CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. The subjects were allocated to one of three groups by histological type: adenocarcinoma group (13 subjects);squamous cell carcinoma group (10 subjects);and the other histological diagnosis group (5 subjects). Two independent observers evaluated the CT findings to determine the CT visual score, and the kurtosis and skewness of CT-based density histograms were determined. The relationships between severity of ILA and the pathological stage and histological type of concurrent lung cancer were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in the CT visual scores and quantitative indexes among the three groups. CT visual score was significantly negatively correlated with pathological stage (r = &#8722;0.43, P = 0.025). Conclusion: Patients can have only mild ILA on visual scoring but advanced lung cancer. Therefore, the frequency of follow-up examination should not be based on the severity of ILA on CT.

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者外周血CircDCUN1D4的水平及临床意义

目的检测慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者外周血CircDCUN1D4的水平,探讨circDCUN1D4在COPD中的作用及临床意义。方法选取2022年11月1日—2023年4月30日在上海市第六人民医院金山分院呼吸科就诊的老年COPD稳定期患者40例(设为观察组),以同期院40例体检中心年龄和性别匹配的老年体检健康者为对照组。对COPD患者进行慢阻肺评估测试(CAT评分)、肺功能检查,记录FEV_(1)/FVC及FEV_(1)pred%;检测并比较2组外周血CircDCUN1D4的表达水平。将COPD患者分为60~80岁亚组(n=24)及年龄≥80岁亚组(n=16),对比分析2亚组CAT评分、FEV_(1)pred%及外周血circDCUN1D4水平的差异。结果COPD患者外周血CircDCUN1D4表达水平(3.47±1.55)高于健康对照组(1.15±0.56),组间差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);年龄≥80岁组患者circDCUN1D4水平、CAT评分高于60~80岁组,FEV_(1)pred%低于60~80岁组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年COPD稳定期患者外周血circDCUN1D4水平的变化可能与COPD发病、病情发展有关;通过检测外周血circDCUN1D4表达水平,有可能作为COPD早期诊断、预后评估的潜在指标。

Survival difference between EGFR Del19 and L858R mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving gefitinib:a propensity score matching analysis

Objective： Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） had been reported, the survival difference between exon 19 deletion （Dell9） and exon 21 Leu858Arg substitution （L858R） remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between different EGFR mutant subtypes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. Methods： There were 204 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the EGFR Dell9 group and the L858R mutated group according to their mutant subtype. Propensity score matching （PSM） was conducted by using a nearest-neighbor algorithm （1：1） to adjust for demographical and clinical covariates. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. Results： The PFS in Dell9 group was similar to that in the L858R group [before PSM 8.6 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.072; after PSM 7.3 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.155]. No differences were detected in OS between the L858R and the Dell9 group （before PSM 17.8 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.253; after PSM 16.9 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.339）. The Dell9 group was significantly younger compared with the L858R mutation group in age （P=0.015）. Conclusions： No significant difference was found in the PFS or OS between the Dell9 and L858R mutant NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. The age gap might contribute to the survival differences between Dell9 and L858R groups. PSM is of important value to the elimination of potential bias.

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Hydration Status of Chronic Haemodialysis Patients

Background: Fluid overload is frequent in Haemodialysis (HD) and is one of the major factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for chronic HD patients. The main challenge with chronic haemodialysis patients is indeed the maintenance of a normal extracellular volume through dry weight determination. Our study aimed at assessing the role of lung ultrasound in the detection of B-lines for the determination of hydration status in chronic HD patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 31 patients undergoing chronic HD treatment for at least 3 months, in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital dialysis unit. Lung ultrasonography and clinical examinations were performed immediately before dialysis, and 30 minutes after dialysis. Differences between clinical and ultrasound variables before and after dialysis were measured to assess the effects of dialysis. Association between categorical variables was assessed with the Chi-squared test or Fischer test, and Rho’s Spearman coefficient for quantitative variables. Results: There was a reduction in the median of B-lines score after dialysis [12 (7 - 26) versus 8 (5 - 13)], clinical score [2 (1 - 3) versus 0 (-1 - 2)], mean of systolic blood pressure (164.74 ± 26.50 versus 158.48 ± 27.89), frequency of dyspnoea in patients (32.3% versus 6.5%);and raising of the frequency of cramps in patients (0% versus 19.4%) and all statistically significant (p ≤ 0.031). B-lines score before and after dialysis was associated with dyspnoea and raised jugular venous pressure (p Conclusion: Lung ultrasound for the detection of B-lines reflects the variation of extracellular volume during dialysis and can even capture pulmonary oedema at a pre-clinical stage. It is then a reliable and sensible method for assessing extravascular lung water and thus hydration status of haemodialysis patients. It could constitute a better alternative for an objective and accurate definition of dry weight, specifically in the African and Cameroonian context, with its assets being low cost, availability, and easiness to perform in a large population of HD patients. We, therefore, recommend further multicentric studies in order to design a standardized protocol of ultrasound follow-up for all chronic HD patients’ hydration status assessments.

痰热清注射液联合清燥救肺汤立体时相给药治疗放射性肺炎的临床研究

目的:观察痰热清注射液联合清燥救肺汤加减立体时相给药对放射性肺炎(RP)的治疗效果。方法:选择接受胸部三维适形放射治疗,同时中医辨证为痰热阻肺型的肺癌患者100例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组患者采用单纯放疗,观察组在放疗基础上,给予痰热清静脉注射联合清燥救肺汤加减立体时相给药,于治疗结束后评估2组患者临床疗效及RP发生率,观察2组放疗前、中、后中医证候评分及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平变化,观察患者放疗前后肺功能指标卡诺夫斯凯计分(KPS)评分的变化。结果:观察组RP发生率较对照组明显降低,临床总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05);2组中医证候评分及血清TNF-α、TGF-β1、IL-6水平于放疗后不同时期均明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,观察组放疗后2个月、4个月及放疗结束时中医证候评分及血清TNF-α、TGF-β1、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05);观察组肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC肺功能指标及KPS评分较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:痰热清注射液联合清燥救肺汤立体时相给药可有效减轻放射治疗所致的放射性肺炎,通过降低血清炎症介质水平,改善肺功能起到减毒增效作用,对提升患者生命质量,提高放疗安全性和有效性具有积极意义。

血清AGEs水平联合LIS对老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者预后的评估价值

目的探究老年脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者肺损伤评分(LIS)及晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)水平对预后的评估价值。方法选择重庆医科大学附属第一医院第一分院于2019年3月至2021年4月收治的98例老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者作为研究组,根据患者入院后30 d内的生存情况将患者分为存活组(55例)和死亡组(43例),另选取51例重庆医科大学附属第一医院第一分院同期收治的非ALI/ARDS脓毒症老年患者作为对照组。患者入院后,记录患者临床资料,检测患者血肌酐、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、B型脑肽钠(BNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定患者血清中AGEs水平。采用LIS量表计算LIS得分。以患者临床因素作为自变量,患者预后结局作为因变量,采用Logistic回归曲线对老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者死亡因素进行多因素分析。结果死亡组、存活组、对照组AGEs水平、LIS得分、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分依次降低(均P<0.05)。死亡组动脉血乳酸、血糖、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、PCT、BNP、CRP水平均高于存活组和对照组(P<0.05)。结果显示,动脉血乳酸、血糖、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、PCT、BNP、CRP、AGEs、APACHEⅡ评分、LIS得分均是老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。LIS得分预测老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.857(95%CI:0.821~0.911),血清AGEs的AUC为0.861(95%CI:0.809~0.908),LIS得分和AGEs水平对老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者预后均具有一定的预测价值。结论老年脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS患者LIS得分及AGEs水平均是患者死亡的独立危险因素,对预后有重要的预测价值。

肺动态顺应性指导个体化PEEP滴定对颅面重建术患儿术后肺不张的影响

目的探讨肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)指导个体化PEEP滴定对颅面重建术患儿术后肺不张的影响。方法选择全麻下行颅面重建术患儿80例,男52例,女28例,年龄≤1岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,麻醉时间≥2 h。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组:Cdyn导向个体化PEEP组(I组)和固定PEEP组(P组),每组40例。I组在插管后5 min肺部超声评分(LUS)后进行PEEP滴定,Cdyn最高值对应的PEEP为个体化PEEP;P组PEEP固定为6 cmH_(2)O。记录插管后5 min和手术结束时胸膜旁实变评分、B线评分、LUS总评分和肺不张发生情况。记录插管后5 min和PEEP建立后Cdyn、气道峰压(Ppeak)、HR、MAP。记录插管后5 min和手术结束时氧合指数(OI)和术后72 h肺部并发症的发生情况。结果I组滴定过程中Cdyn最高值时对应个体化PEEP滴定值中位数为9 cmH_(2)O。与插管后5 min比较,两组手术结束时胸膜旁实变总评分、后胸部胸膜旁实变评分、B线总评分和前、侧、后胸部B线评分、LUS总评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。与P组比较,I组手术结束时胸膜旁实变评分、后胸部胸膜旁实变总评分、B线总评分、后胸部B线评分、LUS总评分、肺不张发生率明显降低(P<0.05),I组PEEP建立后Cdyn和Ppeak明显升高(P<0.05),手术结束时OI明显升高(P<0.05),术后72 h肺部并发症总发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论术中应用Cdyn指导个体化PEEP滴定能有效降低颅面重建术患儿手术结束时LUS评分和肺不张发生率,改善氧合功能,降低术后肺部并发症发生率。

槐杞黄颗粒联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的效果

目的:观察槐杞黄颗粒联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的效果。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年12月该院收治的80例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与研究组各40例。对照组采用阿奇霉素治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合槐杞黄颗粒治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后中医证候积分、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)]水平、免疫功能指标[Toll样受体(TLR)7、TLR9、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为95.00%(38/40),高于对照组的80.00%(32/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组发热、咳嗽、胸痛憋喘、厌食等中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FEV1、FVC、PEF水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组TLR7、TLR9、IL-6水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,两组IFN-γ水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:槐杞黄颗粒联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿可提高治疗总有效率和肺功能指标水平,改善免疫功能指标水平,降低中医证候积分,其效果优于单纯阿奇霉素治疗。

肺超声评分对晚期早产儿并发呼吸窘迫综合征应用机械通气及肺表面活性物质的预测价值

目的:探讨使用肺超声评分(LUS)对晚期早产儿并发呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)应用机械通气(MV)和肺表面活性物质(PS)的预测价值。方法:选择并发RDS的晚期早产儿(胎龄34^(0/7)~36^(6/7)周)进行前瞻性分析,共纳入67例并发RDS的晚期早产儿。根据患儿生后48 h内是否需要应用MV和PS,分为MV组(n=36)、非MV组(n=31)、PS组(n=30)和非PS组(n=37)。各组患儿在入院后2 h和应用PS前进行肺超声检查,并分别计算6分区、10分区和12分区LUS。绘制不同分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV和PS的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,采用Delong检验比较不同分区方法的预测价值。结果:与非PS组比较,PS组患儿出生体质量、LUS、呼气末正压(PEEP)、平均气道压(MAP)、MAP×吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))/动脉血分压(PaO_(2))比值、呼吸机使用时间和住院时间均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)比值降低(P<0.01)。与非MV组比较,MV组患儿出生体质量、LUS、PEEP、MAP、MAP×FiO_(2)/PaO_(2)值、呼吸机使用时间和住院时间均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)比值降低(P<0.01)。6分区LUS测PS应用时,PEEP、MAP和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用PS的危险因素[比值比(OR)>1,P<0.05]。10分区和12分区LUS预测PS应用时,MAP×FiO_(2)/PaO_(2)比值和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用PS的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测MV应用时,MAP和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.909、 0.904和0.915,均具有较好的预测价值;使用6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV的AUC分别为0.868、0.872和0.887,均具有较好的预测价值。结论:LUS可有效预测晚期早产儿并发RDS是否需要应用MV和PS,MAP联合LUS可以提高单独使用LUS预测应用MV的能力。

改良BLUE方案肺超声评分在机械通气患者中的应用价值

目的比较改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与传统区域评分法在机械通气患者中的应用优劣,探讨改良BLUE方案与序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、氧合指数(OI)的相关性及其对机械通气患者预后评估的价值。方法选择南通大学第二附属医院急诊医学科行机械通气的危重症患者66例,其中男性45例,女性21例;年龄35~95岁,平均年龄72.11岁;病程2~37 d,平均病程12.03 d;疾病类型:肺炎、感染性休克等感染相关19例,心力衰竭16例,慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作呼吸衰竭15例,心肺复苏后11例,间质性肺炎2例,中毒2例,外伤1例。根据患者的转归情况(28 d生存或死亡)分为好转组28例与死亡组38例。分别使用改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区评分方法对患者进行肺部超声检查,以12分区评分为对照,分别比较改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分与12分区评分结果的相关性。记录各检查方案检查时间,比较各评分法耗时差异。分析改良BLUE方案与SOFA评分和OI的相关性。比较两组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分差异。结果在机械通气患者中,改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分结果,均与12分区法评分结果呈正相关(r=0.98、0.94、0.96、0.95,P均<0.05),其中改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与12分区评分相关性最高。改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区肺超声检查操作时间分别为(5.86±0.76)min、(4.86±0.71)min、(6.79±0.88)min、(8.18±1.02)min、(11.79±1.45)min,改良BLUE方案较6分区、8分区及12分区操作时间短(P均<0.05)。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与OI呈负相关,与SOFA评分呈正相关(r=-0.42、0.25)。好转组与死亡组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分平均值分别为(12.04±5.87)分、(15.79±5.94)分。好转组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分明显低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在机械通气危重症患者中,使用改良BLUE方案肺超声评分具有准确度高、耗时短的优势,更适宜在急诊环境中对机械通气危重症患者进行快速病情评估。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分对机械通气患者病情严重程度及预后有一定指导价值。

急性期新型冠状病毒感染的肺部床旁超声特征及其与临床指标相关性的研究

目的分析急性期新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的肺部床旁超声特征,探讨肺部床旁超声半定量评分(LUS)与临床指标的相关性。方法选取川北医学院附属医院收治入院的急性期COVID-19患者30例,采用BLUE-PLUS方案对患者行肺部顺序扫查,行床旁超声半定量评分;并收集患者的二氧化碳分压、阴离子间隙、PH值、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM#)、临床分型、住院时间等临床指标,比较急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的LUS,分析LUS与临床指标的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析LUS用于普通型与(危)重型分型的效能。结果30例急性期COVID-19患者中,双侧均至少有一个肺点受累者29例(96.7%),单侧至少有一个肺点受累者1例(3.3%),15例患者出现至少一个肺点的肺实变大小>1 cm。行左、右肺相同肺点得分比较,左、右肺总得分之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);行不同临床分型患者各肺点得分之间比较:普通型与危重型患者的左肺总得分、右肺总得分及全肺总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全肺总得分诊断普通型与(危)重型分型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.870。左肺总得分、右肺总得分、全肺总得分与LYM%、LYM#、阴离子间隙无相关性(P>0.05),与临床分型、住院时间呈正相关,与标准碳酸氢根呈负相关(P<0.05);左肺总得分、全肺总得分与PH值、氧分压呈负相关,与二氧化碳分压呈正相关(P<0.05),右肺总得分与PH值、二氧化碳分压、氧分压无相关性(P>0.05)。结论急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的床旁超声特征具有差异性,LUS与PH值、二氧化碳分压、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、临床分型、住院时间存在相关性,危重型患者LUS得分较高;肺部床旁超声有望用于急性期COVID-19患者的临床分型及病情评估。

肺超声评分评估油酸致山羊急性肺损伤的实验研究

目的 探讨肺超声评分(LUS)对油酸致山羊急性肺损伤(ALI)的诊断价值。方法 将16只山羊随机分为轻伤组和重伤组,每组各8只,通过耳缘静脉分别注射不同剂量油酸(轻伤组0.05 ml/kg,重伤组0.10 ml/kg),建立相应ALI模型。以山羊双侧胸壁第5肋为界分为左上、左下、右上及右下4个肺区,于致伤前和致伤后1 h、3 h、6 h动态观察两组山羊全肺及各肺区超声表现,比较两组LUS的差异;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析致伤后1 h、3 h、6 h全肺及各肺区LUS预测山羊ALI严重程度的诊断价值。通过血气分析和炎症因子检测分别获得各时间点动脉血气指标[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))]和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),比较两组上述指标的差异。然后处死山羊,观察肺大体损伤情况,取肺组织行病理组织学检查并进行病理损伤评分,计算肺湿干比,分析全肺及各肺区LUS与肺湿干比、病理损伤评分的相关性。结果 轻伤组1只山羊于致伤后5 h死亡,余山羊均成功建立油酸诱导ALI模型。(1)各ALI模型致伤后全肺LUS随着时间增加呈逐渐上升趋势,重伤组致伤后1 h、3 h、6 h全肺LUS均高于轻伤组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组致伤后1 h、3 h、6 h右下肺LUS比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余肺区LUS比较差异均无统计学意义;重伤组致伤后6 h左下肺LUS高于左上肺,致伤后3 h、6 h右下肺LUS均高于右上肺,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);轻伤组致伤后同一时间点各肺区LUS比较差异均无统计学意义。(2)ROC曲线分析显示,致伤后各时间点全肺LUS预测山羊ALI严重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)均>0.8;各时间点右下肺LUS预测山羊ALI严重程度的AUC均>0.9,其中致伤后1 h右下肺LUS的预测效能最高(AUC=0.938)。(3)重伤组致伤后3 h、6 h PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)均低于轻伤组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。轻、重伤组致伤后TNF-α随着时间增加均呈逐渐上升趋势,但与致伤前比较差异均无统计学意义。(4)重伤组肺湿干比和全肺病理损伤评分均高于轻伤组[7.36±0.97 vs. 5.86±0.50,(17.63±3.15)分vs.(13.86±4.07)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);重伤组左下肺病理损伤评分高于左上肺,右下肺病理损伤评分高于右上肺,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);轻伤组右下肺病理损伤评分高于右上肺,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)相关性分析显示,致伤后6 h全肺、左下肺、右上肺及右下肺LUS均与肺湿干比呈正相关(均P<0.05),尤以右下肺LUS的相关性最高;致伤后6 h全肺、左下肺及右下肺LUS均与病理损伤评分呈正相关(均P<0.05),尤以右下肺LUS的相关性最高。结论 应用LUS可准确评估山羊ALI早期严重程度和变化,具有一定的诊断价值;不同肺区LUS存在差异,其中右下肺LUS与其严重程度的相关性最高。

温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床疗效研究

目的:观察温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)的临床疗效及安全性,为CVA的中医临床治疗提供依据和思路。方法:选取2017年6月~2019年12月期间于某院就诊的60例微寒恋肺型CVA患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予沙美特罗替卡松吸入粉雾剂,观察组给予温润辛金方,两组均治疗6周。观察两组患者的中医证候疗效以及不良反应,比较两组患者治疗前后呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)及咳嗽症状积分的变化。结果:对照组和观察组分别脱落2例和4例。两组临床治疗总有效率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组咳嗽症状积分、FeNO均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组咳嗽症状积分低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组FeNO水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组有2例患者在服药期间出现恶心等胃部不适,嘱其改为饭后服药后症状消失;对照组有2例患者出现轻微不良反应,但不影响后续治疗。结论:温润辛金方可有效改善微寒恋肺型CVA患者的临床症状和咳嗽症状积分,临床疗效较佳且安全性良好。

基于免疫评分构建肺腺癌患者的预后预测诺模图

目的探讨免疫评分与预后的关系,并建立临床诺模图预测肺腺癌患者的生存。方法从癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库获取337例肺腺癌患者的临床病理特征和免疫评分,采用多因素COX比例风险回归模型分析肺腺癌患者总生存期的独立预测因素,根据多变量分析结果建立诺模图,采用一致性指数和校准曲线测定预测准确度和判别能力。结果根据免疫评分将患者分为3个亚组。与免疫评分低的患者相比,免疫评分高的患者总生存期显著改善(HR=0.56,95%CI:0.34~0.91,P=0.018);肿瘤TNM分期也是影响生存期的重要因素。预测总生存期的C指数为0.71(95%CI:0.665~0.755)。1年、3年和5年总生存期概率的校准曲线显示,诺模图预测值和实际观测值之间具有显著一致性。结论免疫评分高与肺腺癌患者更好的总生存期显著相关,肿瘤TNM分期显著影响患者的总生存期。此外,用于预测预后的诺模图可能有助于估计肺腺癌患者的生存期。

肺源分配评分与特发性肺纤维化患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险的相关性分析

目的 分析肺源分配评分(LAS)与特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险及并发症的相关性。方法 回顾性分析275例IPF患者临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险的相关性,以及LAS与术后1年并发症发生的相关性。结果 275例受者中,术后30、90、180、365 d内分别死亡62例、83例、95例和108例。LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后30、90、180、365 d死亡风险相关(均为P<0.05),但与术后365 d原发性移植物功能障碍(PGD)、急性肾损伤(AKI)发生无关(均为P>0.05)。结论 LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后早期死亡相关,LAS与术后早期PGD、AKI的发生无关,但应关注综合因素对PGD、AKI发生的影响。

肺部12分区超声评分与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征病情程度的相关性及其诊断价值

目的探究肺部12分区超声评分与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)病情程度的相关性及其诊断应用价值。方法选择2020年3月—2022年7月收治的NRDS患儿80例纳入NRDS组,另选取同期非肺部疾病的新生儿80例纳入对照组,所有新生儿均行胸部X线、肺部12分区超声评分及氧合指数检查。分析2组超声征象、血气氧合指数及肺部12分区超声评分,Spearman相关分析肺部12分区超声评分与NRDS病情程度的相关性,受试者工作特征曲线分析肺部12分区超声评分诊断不同病情程度NRDS患儿的效能。结果NRDS组支气管充气征、B线融合、A线消失、肺实变、弥漫性肺水肿、胸膜线异常检出率均高于对照组(P<0.01)。NRDS组氧合指数低于对照组,肺部12分区超声评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。重度患儿肺部12分区超声评分高于中度和轻度患儿,中度患儿高于轻度患儿(P<0.05);胸部X线分级与肺部12分区超声评分呈显著正相关(r=0.782,P<0.05)。重度患儿氧合指数低于中度和轻度患儿,中度患儿低于轻度患儿(P<0.05);氧合指数与肺部12分区超声评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.861,P<0.05)。肺部12分区超声评分诊断轻度、中度、重度NRDS患儿的曲线下面积分别为0.875、0.894、0.922。结论肺部12分区超声评分可全面、系统评价、准确反应NRDS患儿病情,临床依据该评分实时监测患儿病情,可为临床治疗提供重要信息和依据。

基于倾向评分匹配分析不同手术方式对早期肺腺癌女性预后及临床疗效的影响

目的探讨肺叶切除术和亚肺叶切除术对早期肺腺癌女性的预后影响及临床疗效。方法收集美国国立癌症研究所监测、流行病学和结果(SEER)数据库中2010年—2015年的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期女性肺腺癌患者的临床信息,使用倾向评分匹配均衡基线资料。匹配后采用Kaplan-Meier法比较肺叶切除术(肺叶切除组)和亚肺叶切除术(亚肺叶切除组)总体生存率(OS)和肺癌特异性生存率(LCSS)的差异及相关因素的亚组生存分析,采用单因素和基于向前逐步回归方法筛选出的多因素Cox比例风险模型分析影响患者OS及LCSS的预后因素。结果共纳入6721例符合条件的患者,肺叶切除组5513例,亚肺叶切除组1208例。倾向性评分匹配后获得基线资料均衡的两组患者各1208例。K-M生存分析显示肺叶切除组的OS和LCSS均优于亚肺叶切除组(P<0.001)。Cox单因素分析发现,肺叶切除组的OS(HR=1.637,95%CI:1.419~1.890)和LCSS(HR=1.648,95%CI:1.367~1.988)优于亚肺叶切除组(P<0.001)。年龄、婚姻状态为离异或丧偶、肿瘤大小、区域淋巴结转移、病理分期和临床分期均是影响LCSS和OS的危险因素(P<0.01);肺下叶是患者LCSS的保护因素(P=0.028);化疗是影响LCSS的危险因素(P<0.001)。向前逐步Cox回归分析结果发现除手术方式对预后有影响外,年龄较大、病理分级及临床分期更大的患者,其OS较差(P<0.001);仅临床分期与LCSS相关(P<0.001)。结论Ⅰ、Ⅱ期女性肺腺癌患者行肺叶切除较亚肺叶切除的预后好,推荐早期肺腺癌女性患者采用肺叶切除术。