The Beautiful Way of Luring Investment?

Most people had never heard of Zheng’an until its involvement in abeauty pageant put the Guizhou county backwater on the map,for all the wrong reasons.On April 2,four departments directly under the Zheng’an County

多非线性控制项的Luré系统绝对稳定的充要条件

本文对具有多非线性控制项的控制系统，得到了绝对稳定的一般性充要条件，并对其特殊情况给出了构造性充要条件．

луръе控制系统绝对稳定的充要条件

本文通过非奇异线性变换，将луръе控制系统拓扑等价地化为变量分离的非线性系统。利用部分变元绝对稳定概念，得到луръе控制系统（包括主要情况和临界情况）绝对稳定的充要条件。然后给出一系列实用充分判据。

Using an Electronic Nose to Rapidly Assess Grandlure Content in Boll Weevil Pheromone Lures

Samples of pheromone lures used in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis （Boheman）, eradication programs are routinely analyzed by Gas Chromatography （GC） to ensure lures are adequately dosed with grandlure, the synthetic aggregation phero- mone produced by male weevils. However, preparation of GC samples is tedious, time consuming, and requires a moderate level of experience. We examined the use of a commercially-available electronic nose （e-nose） for rapidly assessing the grandlure contents of lures. The e-nose was trained to recognize headspace collections of grandlure emitted from new lures and after lures were aged under field conditions for 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d. Based on cross-validation of the training set, the e-nose was 82% accurate in discriminating among the different age classes of lures. Upon sampling headspace collections of pheromone from a different set of field-aged lures, the e-nose was 〈50% accurate in discriminating 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d aged lures from the other age classes of lures. However, the e-nose identified new and 14 d aged lure samples with 100% accuracy. In light of these findings, e-nose technology shows considerable promise as an alternative approach for rapidly assessing the initial grandlure contents of lures used in boll weevil eradication programs.

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LURE MOVING IN WATER

The motion of a lure in water is investigated experimentally and numerically.The lure motion in water of apassing water tank is observed,and the periodic motion is found.From the Fourier analysis,it is found that the frequency with the largest amplitude in the lateral direction depends on the lip width of the lure.To understand the lure dynamics,a numerical simulation of the flow field around the lure is performed.The shape is measured using an X-ray computer tomography and converted into a voxel model.From visualization,it is found that vortex sheds from its lip correspond to the vibration frequency of the lure.

Effects of Different Setting Heights of Noctuid Trappers on Trapping Tobacco Noctuids

[ Objective ] To figure out the optimal setting height of gyplure trappers for controlling such pests as Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa assuha, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Agrotis ypsilon that endanger tobacco leaves, and screen trappers suitable for the tobacco production. [ Method] In the growth season of to- bacco plants, moth trapper, new moth trapper lure/insect inlet are set up at four different heights （70, 110, 150 and 190 cm vertically from soil surface in the field）, to investigate the quantity of trapped moths. [ Result ] For both trappers, the height of trapping the most moths is 70 - 150 cm, so the initial height of lure/ insect inlet should be 120 cm, considering the 1-m mature tobacco plant height and the 20-cm distance between lure/insect inlet and crop canopy. [ Conclusion] Mother trapper is cheaper, and the new moth trapper is convenient and requires less management cost. The former is favorable for trapping S. litura, and the latter for H. assulta, H. armigera Hubner, and both of them are suitable for trapping A. ypsilon. In tobacco producing regions of Yunnan, population bases of the four noctuids endangering tobacco leaves show the sequence of S. litura 〉 A. ypsilon 〉 H. armigera Hubner 〉 H. assuha. But in tobacco production, H. armigera Hubner, H. assuha, and A. ypsilon cause the most serious damages, so the four noctuids must be controlled. Key words Tobacco noctuid; Sex lure; Trapper; Setting height

区间系统严格正实的顶点结果

首先给出了确定对象严格正实的新的充要条件，证明了新的结果完全等价于Ｃｈａｐｅｌｌａｔｅ的结果，在此基础上，推出了区间系统严格正实的顶点结果，使得区间系统严格正实问题转化为有限个对象严格正实问题，最后，给出了区间Ｌｕｅ′ｅ系统的鲁棒Ｐｏｐｏｖ准则的顶点结果。

NASCS FOR THE ABSOLUTE STABILITY OF LURE DIRECT CONTROL SYSTEMS

In this paper, we transform n-th order Lure direct control systems into nonlinear systems with separating variables, and induce a concept for absolute stability of part arguments. The necessary and sufficient conditions (NASC) for the absolute stability of Lure direct control systems are given and some sufficient conditions are obtained

PVC Formulation of Anastrepha suspensa Pheromones Suitable for Field Studies

Tephritid flies threaten the production of fruits around the world.In the Americas,populations of the genus Anastrepha are monitored with trapping networks as part of pest management programs.Here,we report the formulation of male Anastrepha suspensa(Loew)pheromones,(±)-anastrephin and(±)-epianastrephin,into a poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)polymer-based lure ready for trap deployment.The PVC polymer disks(100 mg)contain 10%by weight of(±)-epianastrephin and(±)-anastrephin in a naturally occurring 7:3 diastereomeric ratio,respectively.Emission of the pheromones from the disks into an airstream was evaluated as a function of the abiotic environmental parameters,absolute humidity and temperature.Kinetic data supports a diffusion-controlled mechanism of release from the matrix with first-order rate constants that decreased about ten-fold as the temperature was lowered from 30 to 15C.As such,the emission of volatile pheromones from the disks is suitable to last for several weeks in the field.This kinetic approach,which can be easily extended to the diffusion-controlled release of other attractants from polymeric matrices,yields laboratory predictions of the potential for environmental loss prior to conducting field bioassays.

Discovery of a novel eEF2K inhibitor （BL-EKI03） that induces ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer

Aim Recent evidence has revealed that Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase （eEF2K） activity may confer cancer cell adaptation to metabolic stress, and high expression of eEF2K is found in several types of cancer. Therefore, eEF2K may contribute to carcinogenesis and represent a promising therapeutic target; however, inhibi- tion of eEF2K for cancer drug discovery still remains in its infancy. This study aimed at developing a series of eEF2K inhibitor as candidate anti-tumor drugs in breast cancer and illustrating the possible mechanisms of its anti- tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods In silico screening, structure modifications, MTT assay and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations were applied for the discovery of the novel eEF2K inhibitor （BL-EKI03）. Observa- tions of cell morphology were executed through several methods including ER-traeker, MDC and Hoeehst 33258 staining and GFP-LC3 transfeetion. Flow eytometrie analyses of MDC and Annexin V/PI were used for quantifica- tion of autophagy and apoptosis ratio. Western blot and ITRAQ analysis were used to explore the detailed mecha- nisms of BL-EKI03-induced ER stress, autophagie death and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, an in vivo xenograft mouse model was established for validating the anti-tumor efficacy of BL-EKI03. Results Firstly, a novel eEF2K inhibitor （BL-EKI03） with a good affinity for eEF2K was eventually discovered after computational screening and synthesis of a series of candidate compounds targeting eEF2K. Subsequently, our results demonstra- ted that BL-EKI03 has remarkable anti-proliferative activities and induces endoplasmie retieulum （ER） stress, au- tophagy and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-436 cells. More importantly, the mechanism for BL-EKI03-indueed autophagie death involves eEF2K-mediated AMPK-mTOR-ULK complex pathways. The proteomies analyses and ex-perimental validation revealed that the BL-EKI03-induced mechanism was also involved BIRC6, BNIP1, SNAP29 and Bif-1, which might be regulated by eEF2K. Moreover, BL-EKI03 exerted its anti-tumor activities without re- markable toxicity, and it also induced autophagy and apoptosis by targeting eEF2K in fifo. Conclusion In this study, a novel eEF2K inhibitor （BL-EKI03） was discovered with remarkable anti-proliferative activities and in- duced endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress, autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer in vitro and in fifo. These findings highlight a new small-molecule eEF2K inhibitor （BL-EKI03） that has the potential to impact future breast cancer therapy.

Field response of Colorado potato beetle to enantiomeric blends of CPB I aggregation pheromone

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is attracted to (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-oct-6-ene-1,3-diol [(S)-CPB I], a male-produced aggregation pheromone. Pitfall trap studies were conducted to assess the relative attraction of L. decemlineata adults to synthetic mixtures of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of the pheromone. Of the following blends that were tested: 97%(S):3%(R), 87%(S):13%(R), 73%(S):27%(R), and 50%(S):50%(R) (racemic blend), only the blend containing 97% of the (S)-enantionmer was attractive in one of the experiments. Our results demonstrate that the behavioral response of the beetle to pheromone-baited pitfall traps is unsubstantial in general, and that enantiomeric blends containing 13% or more of the opposite (R) enantiomer disrupt response to the pheromone. Any future research as well as integrated pest management strategies that incorporate CPB I as an aggregation pheromone should utilize blends containing more than 87% optical purity of the (S)-enantiomer of the pheromone.

Evaluation of Fruit Fly （Diptera： Tephritidae） Monitoring Systems on Mango in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Fruit fly species＇ responses to lures are critically important, especially when a single lure might be recommended for the purpose of trapping multiple fruit fly species in commercial fruit orchards. Fruit industries are facing threats from the recent invasion of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis （Hendel） into novel areas in South Africa. The objective of this study was to test the relative efficiency of 13 different trapping systems for fruit fly species in mango orchards in South Africa. Evaluation of the different monitoring systems was conducted during the 2013-2014 mango season in the Vhembe district municipality of Limpopo, South Africa. Four orchards, where Tommy Atkins was cultivated, were used to compare the efficacy of the trapping systems. Trapping data （N = 48 observation incidences per trapping system） were analyzed using a non-parametric ANOVA. Pronounced variation in species attractiveness across the trapping systems was found. The enriched ginger oil （EGO） PherolureTM captured 33.77% of all the Ceratitis spp., while the Invader-lureTM captured 36.47% of the total number of B. dorsalis trapped. Torula yeast pellets are not recommended for fruit fly trapping due to the relative low trap catch numbers and high non-target catches. These results are important and significant for on-farm monitoring strategies, as well as for invasion monitoring systems currently in place to detect the distribution ofB. dorsalis in South Africa.

Effect of Mixed Orchards on Population Dynamics and Dominant on Tephritid Flies in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt

Peach Fruit Fly （PFF） Bactrocera zonata （Saunders） and of the Mediterranean fruit fly （MFF） Ceratitis capitata （Wiedemann） are the most of dominant and destructive key pests in fruit orchards in different agro-ecosystem in Egypt. Population fluctuations of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata （Wiedemann） and the peach fly Bactrocera zonata （Saunders） was monitored with lure traps collections in three provinces in the New Valley oases, Western Desert, Egypt. Results showed marked temporal differences in peak trap catches of the two flies in the selected sites all over the entire studied areas. One annual peak of C. capitata was recorded during both October and February and coincided with the ripening period of citrus trees in Kharga oases. However, two annual peaks were recorded during June and September in Bodkholow province and coincided with the ripening period of apple and mango. On the other hand, two annual peaks of B. zonata were recorded in Kharga oases throughout May and September and coincided with the ripening periods of apricot, mango and guava. One annual peak only was recorded round up of September and/or October in both of Moot and Bodkholow in Dakhla oases and coincided with the ripening period of mango, guava and citrus. Occurrence of C. capitata was very limited in comparison with B. zonata. Population fluctuations of the two pests in the studied sites were significantly different. The ability of the used traps in capturing both of C. capitata and B. zonata indicated that the yellow sticky trap was more effective in capturing C. capitata. However, Abdel-Kawi trap was significantly efficient in trapping B. zonata. Occurrence of B. zontata in high numbers all over the study period than C. capitata is considered as a good proof that this invading fly may be consider a vigor competitive tephritid fly to the native fly C. capitata.

Mobile Deals Set to Lure Shoppers Stuck in Line

According to New York Times on November 19, as retailers battle to draw customers into their stores on Black Friday, online merchants are plotting a cunning ambush, offering an arsenal of mobile-only deals intended to pick off shoppers as they wait in line. The Gilt Groupe, for example, which

Trapping Efficacy of Two Types of New Sex Lures for Athetis lepigone (Moschler) in Fields

[Objective]The paper was to compare trapping efficacy of two types of new sex lures for Athetis lepigone（Moschler）in fields.[Method]The trapping performance of two lures for A.lepigone was tested in Hongdong County of Shanxi Province of China from June 21 to August 20 in 2012.[Result]The average number of moths trapped by lure B was 2.49 times of that trapped by lure A during June 21and August 17,and the difference was significant.The maximum number of A.lepigone moth trapped by lure B at one basin within a single day reached 280,while that trapped by lure A was only 85.The validity of two lures in fields reached 58 d,basically consistent with seasonal dynamics of A.lepigone moth trapped by lures.[Conclusion]Lure B is of higher quality and could be recommended to apply in dynamic monitoring and trapping control against A.lepigone adults.

Mating behavior and sex pheromone release rhythm of Holotrichia parallela(Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)

Mating behavior and sex pheromone release rhythm of Holotrichia parallela was studied in this research. The maximum mating times were 3 for female and 4 for male. Average mating times were 1.06 for female and 0.91 for male. L-isoleucine methyl ester(LIME), a major component of pheromone, increased gradually from 14:00 and peaked at 19:00, then dropped sharply at 20:00 and remained low at 24:00.(R)-(-)-linalool(referred as linalool below) maintained similar levels throughout the study period. Calling and mating activity significantly decreased LIME titer, but not linalool. Analyses of 11 samples collected during calling days(20 d-70 d) revealed that LIME production was affected by female age. LIME titers increased from 20 d to 45 d, and decreased from 45 d to 70 d. While linalool titers remained at similar levels at all sampling dates. The highest ratio between LIME and linalool was 12 and the lowest was 4. Field tests confirmed that the most attractive ratios of LIME: linalool in early season(June 1 to 20) and late season(August 1 to 20) were 6:1, while in the most serious injury stage(June 20 to August 1) was 12:1. This is the first report about circadian rhythmicity of sex pheromone in Holotrichia parallela, which provides a basis for controlling it in field.

Prey and predators perceive orb-web spider conspicuousness differently: evaluating alternative hypotheses for color polymorphism evolution

Color polymorphisms have been traditionally attributed to apostatic selection.The perception of color depends on the visual system of the observer.Theoretical models predict that differently perceived degrees of conspicuousness by two predator and prey species may cause the evolution of polymorphisms in the presence of anti-apostatic and apostatic selection.The spider Gasteracantha cancriformis(Araneidae)possesses several conspicuous color morphs.In orb-web spiders,the prey attraction hypothesis states that conspicuous colors are prey lures that increase spider foraging success via flower mimicry.Therefore,polymorphism could be maintained if each morph attracted a different prey species(multiple prey hypothesis)and each spider mimicked a different flower color(flower mimicry hypothesis).Conspicuous colors could be a warning signal to predators because of the spider's hard abdomen and spines.Multiple predators could perceive morphs differently and exert different degrees of selective pressures(multiple predator hypothesis).We explored these 3 hypotheses using reflectance data and color vision modeling to estimate the chromatic and achromatic contrast of G.cancriformis morphs as perceived by several potential prey and predator taxa.Our results revealed that individual taxa perceive the conspicuousness of morphs differently.Therefore,the multiple prey hypothesis and,in part,the multiple predator hypothesis may explain the evolution of color polymorphism in G.cancriformis,even in the presence of anti-apostatic selection.The flower mimicry hypothesis received support by color metrics,but not by color vision models.Other parameters not evaluated by color vision models could also affect the perception of morphs and influence morph survival and polymorphism stability.

受精依赖的卵细胞调控防止多精入卵的分子机制

在动物受精过程中,卵母细胞皮层颗粒所分泌的蛋白酶在防止多精入卵中起着重要作用。在有花植物的有性生殖过程中,受精过程则更为复杂。这一过程涉及到花粉管所运输的一对不可移动的精子分别与卵细胞和中央细胞融合的过程。在通常情况下,每个胚珠只会吸引一根花粉管,从而有效地降低多精入卵可能性。植物受精后防止多余花粉管进入胚囊的机制长期以来一直不清楚。武汉大学植物生殖研究团队最近的一项工作发现卵细胞本身在防止多花粉进入胚囊的过程中发挥了重要的作用。卵细胞特异性地表达两个天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因ECS1和ECS2,其mRNA在成功受精之后会快速降解。ECS蛋白在卵细胞的顶端区域以类似于动物皮层颗粒网络的形式分布,且其分泌过程也是受精依赖的。ecs1ecs2双突变体的胚珠呈现吸引多花粉的表型。ECS1和ECS2能够特异性地切割花粉管吸引物质LURE1。ECS1和ECS2在助细胞中的异位表达则会导致LURE1蛋白水平的降低及花粉管吸引能力的减弱。因此,ECS1和ECS2快速防止了多余花粉管进入胚囊。上述发现揭示植物的卵细胞能够感知受精并建立起一种受精依赖的快速防止多花粉管进入胚囊的机制。

Lack of functional link in the tadpole morphology induced by predators

Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleurodema thaul tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly Rhionaeschna varie- gata responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclu- sive. Our results suggest that in P. thaultadpoles （1） burst speed is not important to evade preda- tors, （2） those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and （3） morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in P. thaul tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, al- though there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.

Masquerading predators deceive prey by aggressively mimicking bird droppings in a crab spider

In aggressive mimicry,a predator accesses prey by mimicking the appearance and/or behavior of a harmless or beneficial model in order to avoid being correctly identified by its prey.The crab spider genus Phrynarachne is often cited as a textbook example of masquerading as bird droppings(BDs)in order to avoid predation.However,Phrynarachne spiders may also aggressively mimic BDs in order to deceive potential prey.To date,there is no experimental evidence to support aggressive mimicry in masquerading crab spiders;therefore,we performed a field survey,a manipulative field experiment,and visual modeling to test this hypothesis using Phrynarachne ceylonica.We compared prey-attraction rates among BDs,spiders,and control empty leaves in the field.We found that although all prey combined and agromyzid dipterans,in particular,were attracted to BDs at a higher rate than to spiders,other dipterans and hymenopterans were attracted to BDs at a similar rate as to spiders.Both spiders and BDs attracted insects at a significantly higher rate than did control leaves.As predicted,prey was attracted to experimentally blackened or whitened spiders significantly less frequently than to unmanipulated spiders.Finally,visual modeling suggested that spiders and BDs can be detected by dipterans and hymenopterans against background leaves,but they are indistinguishable from each other.Taken together,our results suggest that insects lured by spiders may misidentify them as BDs,and bird-dropping masquerading may serve as aggressive mimicry in addition to predator avoidance in P.ceylonica.