Flotation separation of scheelite from calcite using luteolin as a novel depressant

This paper proposes luteolin(LUT)as a novel depressant for the flotation-based separation of scheelite and calcite in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.The suitability of LUT as a calcite depressant is confirmed through micro-flotation testing.At pH=9,with LUT concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1) and NaOL concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),scheelite recovery reaches 80.3%.Calcite,on the other hand,exhibits a recovery rate of 17.6%,indicating a significant difference in floatability between the two minerals.Subsequently,the surface modifica-tions of scheelite and calcite following LUT treatment are characterized using adsorption capacity testing,Zeta potential analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The study in-vestigates the selective depressant mechanism of LUT on calcite.Adsorption capacity testing and Zeta potential analysis demonstrate sub-stantial absorption of LUT on the surface of calcite,impeding the further adsorption of sodium oleate,while its impact on scheelite is min-imal.FT-IR and XPS analyses reveal the selective adsorption of LUT onto the surface of calcite,forming strong chemisorption bonds between the hydroxyl group and calcium ions present.AFM directly illustrates the distinct adsorption densities of LUT on the two miner-al types.Consequently,LUT can effectively serve as a depressant for calcite,enabling the successful separation of scheelite and calcite.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Luteolin alleviates sorafenib-induced ferroptosis of BRL-3A cells through modulation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway

Background:Luteolin is a flavonoid chemical that exists in a variety of medicinal and edible plants and holds many biologically active properties in liver protection,anti-cancer,antioxidants,anti-inflammatory,neuroprotective,etc.According to its hepatoprotective properties,luteolin was selected to co-treat with sorafenib,one of the approved protein kinase inhibitors,to reduce sorafenib-induced normal liver cell damage.Methods:The BRL-3A cell line was treated with sorafenib to establish a liver injury model,followed by luteolin treatment.The cell viability was detected,and the mechanism of action was detected by immunofluorescence,western blotting,and real-time quantitative PCR.Results:The research findings demonstrated that luteolin could increase cystine/glutamate transporter xCT(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)expression and display a chelating effect on iron,which led to increased glutathione and decreased malondialdehyde,Fe^(2+) and lipid reactive oxygen species contents in BRL-3A cells,and the sorafenib-induced mitochondrial membrane potential decrease was also inhibited.In addition,when sorafenib caused the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species,luteolin could help release this oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and up-regulating the expression of the associated genes heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1).Conclusion:Therefore,luteolin may ameliorate sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2-associated pathway without any impact on sorafenib anti-cancer activity.It can be used as an adjuvant to sorafenib to reduce liver injury in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Unraveling the therapeutic mechanisms of myristic acid and luteolin 7-rutinoside in oral cancer: insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Background:The compound Luteolin-7-rutinoside(L7R)is a flavone derivative of luteolin,predominantly identified in plant species belonging to the families Asteraceae.Conversely,Myristic acid is characterized by its structure as a 14-carbon,unsaturated fatty acid.In this investigation,we endeavor to elucidate the putative mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the context of oral cancer treatment,employing network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking methodologies.Methods:The protein targets of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside were identified through a search on the Swiss Target Database.Subsequently,a compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1.Targets associated with OC were retrieved from the OMIM and GeneCards databases.The overlap between compound targets and OC-related targets was determined,and the resulting shared targets were subjected to protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis using the STRING database.Additionally,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted on the identified targets.Molecular docking were performed to investigate the interactions between the core target and the active compound.Results:The component target network comprises 103 nodes and 102 edges.Among the proteins in the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,those with higher degrees are TNF,PPARG,and TP53.Analysis through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways indicates that the treatment of OC with Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside primarily involves the regulation of miRNA transcription and inflammatory response.The identified signaling pathways include Pathways in cancer,PPAR signaling pathway,EGFR signaling pathway,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking studies reveal that Luteolin 7-rutinoside and Myristic acid exhibit higher affinity towards TNF,PPARG,TP53,and EGFR.Conclusion:This study reveals the potential molecular mechanism of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the treatment of oral cancer,and provides a reference for subsequent basic research.

Luteolin attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of metalloenzymes in rats

Objective:To investigate the renoprotective effects of luteolin on diabetes in rats.Methods:One week after administration of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg intraperitoneally,rats were given 25,50,and 75 mg/kg/day of luteolin orally for another eight weeks.At the end of the experiment,body weight,blood glucose level,biochemical parameters for renal function(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,uric acid,serum albumin,and total protein),kidney histology,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC-2)expression,and malondialdehyde,myeloperoxidase,and hydroxyproline content in renal tissue were evaluated.High glucose-induced damage using NRK-52E cell line was studied to evaluate cell viability and metalloenzyme expression.Additionally,in silico studies including docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted.Results:MMP-2,MMP-9,and HDAC-2 expressions were significantly increased in high glucose-induced NRK-52E cells and the renal tissue of diabetic rats.However,these changes were reversed by luteolin at the administered doses.Additionally,luteolin significantly reduced oxidative stress,inflammation,and fibrosis,as well as improved biochemical parameters in diabetic rats.Furthermore,luteolin at the examined doses markedly alleviated diabetes-induced histopathological changes in renal tissues.Conclusions:Luteolin effectively attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting MMP-2,MMP-9,and HDAC-2 expression,and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Anti-diabetic potential of apigenin,luteolin,and baicalein via partially activating PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathways in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells

Dietary flavonoids are abundant in natural plants and possess multiple pharmacological and nutritional activities.In this study,apigenin,luteolin,and baicalein were chosen to evaluate their anti-diabetic effect in high-glucose and dexamethasone induced insulin-resistant(IR)HepG2 cells.All flavonoids improves the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis abilities in IR-HepG2 cells via activating glucose transporter protein 4(GLUT4)and phosphor-glycogen synthase kinase(GSK-3β).These fl avonoids signifi cantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and advanced glycation end-products(AGEs),which were closely related to the suppression of the phosphorylation form of NF-κB and P65.The expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1),insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway in IR-HepG2 cells were all partially activated by the fl avonoids,with variable effects.Furthermore,the intracellular metabolic conditions of the fl avonoids were also evaluated.

Exploring the potential mechanisms of luteolin against ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer via network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis(UC)are known to have an increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer(CRC).However,the shared underlying mechanisms between UC and CRC remain unclear.Given the therapeutic potential of luteolin in both UC and CRC,this study aims to elucidate the molecular targets and mechanisms through which luteolin exerts its effects against these diseases.Methods:The GeneCards database,DisGENet database,and Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized to analyze the targets associated with UC and CRC.Subsequently,the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and SwissTargetPrediction databases were employed to identify luteolin-related targets.The identified luteolin-related targets were then mapped to official gene symbols using the UniProt database.The Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was utilized to construct a network of luteolin-associated targets.Venn diagram analysis was performed to identify common targets among UC,CRC,and luteolin.The common targets were further analyzed using the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network.The“cytoHubba”plugin in Cytoscape 3.9.0 was employed to identify hub targets within the PPI network.Gene Ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the hub targets.Finally,molecular docking using AutoDock and PyMOL software was performed to assess the binding affinity between luteolin and the hub targets.Results:Luteolin was found to interact with a total of 149 pharmacological targets,while UC and CRC were associated with 1232 and 3278 targets,respectively.Forty-six common targets were identified among luteolin,UC,and CRC.Through the application of seven different algorithms,seven hub targets were identified,TP53,AKT1,TNF,SRC,EGFR,and MMP9.Bioinformatics enrichment analysis revealed 49 enriched pathways through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,while Gene Ontology analysis yielded a total of 245 biological processes,4 cellular components,and 7 molecular functions.Molecular docking simulations demonstrated a good binding affinity between luteolin and the hub targets.Conclusion:This study identified multiple potential pharmacological targets and elucidated various biological pathways through which luteolin may exert its therapeutic effects in the treatment of UC and CRC.These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for further experimental investigations in the treatment of UC and CRC.

色谱技术在木犀草素中的研究进展

木犀草素是一种常见于多种药用植物中的类黄酮,具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等多种生物学作用。市售的含有木犀草素的药用植物及其制剂常用于治疗高血压、炎症性疾病,甚至癌症。然而,为了确定这些制剂的质量,应使用适当的分析方法。本研究主要对木犀草素的定量分析方法进行了全面综述,系统介绍了薄层色谱法(TLC)、高效薄层色谱法(HPTLC)、液相色谱法(LC)、气相色谱法(GC)和逆流色谱法(CCC)等色谱分析技术研究进展以及植物材料中木犀草素的测定条件。

木犀草素阻断p38 MAPK通路对宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化的抑制作用研究

目的探讨木犀草素通过调控p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路对宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化(EMT)的影响。方法子宫颈鳞状细胞癌SiHa细胞系经不同浓度木犀草素处理24 h,细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测细胞活力以筛选最适木犀草素作用浓度,后将SiHa细胞分为对照组、木犀草素组、阳性药物组、抑制剂组和激活剂组,干预24 h后,采用倒置显微镜、细胞增殖试剂盒、划痕、Transwell小室和蛋白免疫印迹法测定细胞形态、增殖、迁移、侵袭及EMT和p38 MAPK通路相关蛋白表达的情况。结果根据CCK-8法确定木犀草素最适作用浓度为10μmol/L。与对照组相比,木犀草素组和阳性药物组细胞的生长受到抑制,增殖率、迁移率、侵袭数,以及波形蛋白(Vimentin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达水平、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK比值降低(P<0.05),E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达水平上升(P<0.05);与木犀草素组相比,SB203580增强了、茴香霉素抑制了木犀草素对SiHa细胞的上述作用(P<0.05)。结论木犀草素可通过阻断p38 MAPK通路抑制SiHa细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及EMT进程。

木犀草素对神经性疼痛模型大鼠MCP-1/CCR2信号轴的影响

目的:探讨木犀草素调节单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)/CC趋化因子受体2(CCR2)信号轴,对神经性疼痛(NP)模型大鼠神经胶质细胞激活和免疫炎症的影响。方法:采用坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤法构建大鼠NP模型。将大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组、阿魏酸钠组及木犀草素低、中、高剂量组,每组12只;另选择同期12只大鼠为假手术组。各组大鼠腹腔注射及灌胃相应药物,每天1次,连续14 d。测定大鼠机械性缩足反射阈值(MWT)和热刺激缩足反射潜伏期(TWL);实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)及免疫组织化学法检测脊髓中胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及小胶质细胞标志物离子钙接头蛋白分子1(Iba-1)mRNA及蛋白表达;流式细胞仪检测大鼠外周血中CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠脊髓病理损伤情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测脊髓中炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平;蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测脊髓中MCP-1、CCR2蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠MWT、TWL、CD4^(+)T细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值降低,Iba-1、GFAP mRNA及蛋白表达、CD8^(+)T细胞比例、炎症因子水平(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α)、MCP-1及CCR2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,木犀草素低、中、高剂量组及阿魏酸钠组大鼠MWT、TWL、CD4^(+)T细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值升高,Iba-1、GFAP mRNA及蛋白表达、CD8^(+)T细胞比例、炎症因子水平(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α)、MCP-1及CCR2蛋白表达降低,且木犀草素作用效果呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论:木犀草素具有抗炎、增强免疫、抑制胶质细胞活化,缓解NP的作用,其作用机制可能与抑制MCP-1/CCR2信号轴的激活有关。

木犀草素改善脊髓损伤大鼠血清诱导的心肌细胞死亡

背景:脊髓损伤导致的心功能不全是脊髓损伤患者死亡的重要原因,但具体机制并不清楚。因此,揭示脊髓损伤患者出现心功能不全的机制对于提高患者的生存质量和生存率有重要意义。目的:探讨木犀草素改善脊髓损伤大鼠血清诱导心肌细胞死亡的作用机制。方法:使用Allen’s冲击仪损伤雄性SD大鼠脊椎T9-T11,进行脊髓损伤造模,设置假手术组作为对照,取各组大鼠血清。将H9c2细胞分为空白对照组、假手术大鼠血清组、脊髓损伤大鼠血清组以及木犀草素预处理组,空白对照组为普通培养基培养,假手术大鼠血清组使用含体积分数10%假手术大鼠血清的培养基培养,脊髓损伤大鼠血清组使用含体积分数10%脊髓损伤大鼠血清的培养基培养,木犀草素预处理组预先使用含有终浓度为20μmol/L木犀草素的培养基培养心肌细胞4 h,之后更换含体积分数10%脊髓损伤大鼠血清的培养基培养,培养24 h后使用CCK-8法检测各组H9c2心肌细胞的存活率,采用Western blot检测各组H9c2心肌细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3及p62的蛋白表达。结果与结论:与空白对照组相比,假手术大鼠血清组细胞存活率无明显改变(P>0.05);与假手术大鼠血清组相比,脊髓损伤大鼠血清组细胞存活率显著降低(P<0.01),LC3蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),p62蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与脊髓损伤大鼠血清组相比,木犀草素预处理组细胞存活率明显回升(P<0.0001),LC3蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),p62蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明:木犀草素可能通过促进自噬进而改善脊髓损伤大鼠血清诱导的心肌细胞死亡。

木犀草素对对乙酰氨基酚诱导肝损伤的保护作用

【目的】基于内质网应激(ERS)和氧化应激途径,探讨木犀草素(luteolin)对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)诱导的肝损伤的保护效果及其潜在的作用机制。【方法】将48只昆明小白鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常对照组(NC)、木犀草素对照组(MD)、APAP肝损伤模型组(APAP)以及木犀草素低、中、高剂量组(ML、MM、MH),每组8只小鼠,NC和MD组腹腔注射生理盐水,其余各组小鼠按300 mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射APAP注射液,每天2次,连续注射4 d,给药4 d后NC组和APAP组灌胃生理盐水,MD、ML、MM、MH小鼠分别按照100,25,50,100 mg/kg的剂量灌胃木犀草素药液,每天2次,连续灌胃3 d,最后一次灌胃12 h后,分别检测小鼠血液中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及肝脏中的氧化应激指标(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化氢(H 2O 2)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量),在显微镜下观察各组小鼠肝组织的病理变化,并采用探针药物法测定肝脏微粒体细胞色素P4502E1酶(CYP2E1)活性,采用qRT-PCR检测CYP2E1 mRNA表达水平,用Western Blot检测肝组织葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、增强子CCAAT结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、CYP2E1蛋白表达水平。【结果】与NC组相比,APAP模型组的ALT和AST活性极显著升高,MD组上述2种酶活性无显著变化。与APAP模型组相比,MM、MH组ALT和AST活性显著或极显著下降。与APAP模型组相比,ML、MM、MH组的GSH含量和SOD活性均明显增加,MDA和H 2O 2含量均明显降低。小鼠肝组织病理形态显微观察结果表明,MM、MH组可以改善APAP导致的肝索消失以及肝细胞排列散乱和细胞核溶解等病理症状。探针药物法测定结果显示,0.1,0.01和0.001 mg/mL的木犀草素可以显著降低CYP2E1活性。qRT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,木犀草素可以显著或极显著降低CYP2E1基因及其蛋白的表达水平,极显著降低GRP78和CHOP蛋白表达水平。【结论】木犀草素具有明显的抗APAP诱导的肝损伤作用,其作用机理可能是通过抑制CYP2E1的表达、减轻氧化应激和内质网应激水平,从而减轻APAP诱导的肝损伤。

基于网络药理分子对接技术及实验验证探究十味接骨方治疗骨关节炎的作用靶点及机制

目的基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究十味接骨方治疗骨关节炎的潜在作用靶点及机制。方法利用中药系统药理学数据库筛选十味接骨方的活性成分及对应靶点,并通过GeneCards、Digsee、DisGeNET数据库获取骨关节炎疾病靶点。然后将药物活性成分靶点及疾病靶点的交集录入STRING数据库,构建两者相互作用网络。采用clusterProfiler 3.8.1将所得交集靶点信息进行GO与KEGG富集分析。利用AutoDock 4.2.6软件对重要活性成分与靶点进行分子对接验证。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8及实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应技术对经十味接骨方处理后软骨细胞的细胞活力及骨关节炎关键基因的RNA表达进行检测。结果共得到679个药物活性成分及2411个作用靶点。主要活性成分为:木犀草素、乌索酸及汉黄芩素等。相关靶点主要为:蛋白激酶B(AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血管生长因子A(VEGFA)、白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)、肿瘤蛋白P53(TP53)、胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)等。富集分析结果显示十味接骨方抑制骨关节炎发生的关键通路为脂质与动脉粥样硬化信号通路。分子对接结果表明十味接骨方的主要活性成分木犀草素、乌索酸、汉黄芩素与骨关节炎关键靶点TNF、IL-6、VEGFA有较好的结合能。细胞活力及细胞增殖结果表明十味接骨方可以有效促进软骨细胞的生长增殖。基因及蛋白表达结果表明十味接骨方可以显著下调骨关节炎关键蛋白TNF、IL-6、VEGFA的表达。结论十味接骨方可能是通过组方中的木犀草素、乌索酸和汉黄芩素等主要活性成分调控脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路中TNF、VEGFA、IL-6等关键蛋白的表达,抑制骨关节炎的发展。

葛根汤治疗骨关节炎的网络药理学分析及动物实验验证

背景:葛根汤是中医著名方剂,具有抗炎止痛的良好疗效,通过网络药理学分析葛根汤在骨关节炎中的作用机制,从而获得葛根汤的主要疗效成分。目的:通过网络药理学和动物实验验证葛根汤治疗骨关节炎的作用机制。方法:首先,通过中草药分析平台(TCMSP)筛选葛根汤的活性成分,并在GeneCards数据库收集骨关节炎的相关基因;其次,利用Cytoscape软件构建“活性成分-作用靶点-疾病”网络图,探索核心靶基因及分析基因表达差异,随后通过小鼠骨关节炎模型进行葛根汤主成分之一木犀草素疗效的实验验证;最后,对靶标基因进行京都基因百科全书(KEGG)和基因本体(GO)富集分析进一步探索相关机制。结果与结论:筛选出115种活性成分和147个相对应的靶标基因,KEGG和GO分析发现葛根汤可通过多种反应机制和代谢通路影响骨关节炎,筛选出6个核心表达差异基因和作用于这些基因的化合物,其中葛根汤的主要成分木犀草素在动物实验中可以较好地促进软骨修复,促进胶原蛋白Ⅱ的表达,抑制基质金属蛋白酶1、环氧合酶2的表达。结果表明,葛根汤中含多种活性成分通过氧化应激等作用机制和代谢通路阻止骨关节炎的进展。

木犀草素固体分散体的体外溶出度和体内药动学研究

目的研究木犀草素固体分散体的体外溶出度和在Beagle犬体内的药动学行为。方法按照2020年版《中国药典》(四部)“溶出度测定法”第二法(桨法)测定木犀草素固体分散体的溶出度。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定Beagle犬血浆中木犀草素浓度。取Beagle犬12只,随机分为木犀草素原料药组和木犀草素固体分散体组,每组6只,均口服相应药物,给药剂量相当于木犀草素10 mg/kg。分别于给药前(0 h)、给药后5、10、15、30、45 min和1、2、4、6、8、10、12、24、48 h取血,用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定Beagle犬体内木犀草素血药浓度。运用DAS 3.2.8药动学软件,采用非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果木犀草素固体分散体在纯水、0.1%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中的溶出度高于木犀草素原料药,在0.1%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中120 min的溶出度可达95%。木犀草素固体分散体组Beagle犬体内木犀草素的峰浓度(cmax)是木犀草素原料药组的5.62倍,其相对生物利用度为348%。与木犀草素原料药组比较,木犀草素固体分散体组Beagle体内木犀草素的cmax和药时曲线下面积均显著升高,表观分布容积显著降低(P<0.05)。结论木犀草素固体分散体可提高木犀草素的体外溶出度和在Beagle犬体内的生物利用度。

祖师麻皮肤刺激性观察和基于生物信息学的机制预测

目的:观察祖师麻干浸膏粉及不同萃取部位的皮肤刺激性,并基于生物信息学预测其刺激性成分及作用机制。方法:将斯泼累格·多雷(SD)大鼠随机分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,观察连续给药7 d和停药后3 d皮肤状况。运用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)查询祖师麻刺激性成分和作用靶点。通过GeneCards数据库、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)等数据库收集疾病靶点。运用Metascape平台进行基因本体(GO)富集以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,将核心靶点与祖师麻刺激性成分进行分子对接。结果:祖师麻干浸膏粉低、中剂量组对破损皮肤有轻微红斑、水肿反应;祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量组、石油醚部位和二氯甲烷部位对完整皮肤和破损皮肤均有轻微红斑、水肿反应;乙酸乙酯部位和水层部位均无红斑、水肿反应。2)从祖师麻活性成分中筛选出7种刺激性成分,通路富集的主要通路为磷酸肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K-AKT)信号通路、细胞增殖的肉瘤基因(Ras)信号通路、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、端粒结合蛋白(Rap1)信号通路和松弛素(Relaxin)信号通路等。分子对接结果中瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚与核心靶点的结合最稳定。结论:祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量下有轻微皮肤刺激性,可能是存在于石油醚和二氯甲烷部位中的瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚等通过多靶点、多通路的复杂作用促进炎症介质的生成,引起皮肤轻微红斑和水肿。

木犀草素对D-半乳糖所致小鼠认知障碍的改善作用

目的木犀草素对D-半乳糖所致小鼠认知障碍的改善作用及可能机制。方法将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、木犀草素组,每组10只。通过水迷宫检测等行为学、免疫组织荧光法检测小鼠海马认知行为及相关蛋白的表达。结果各组间的小鼠活动度差异不显著;模型组小鼠新旧食物识别指数显著降低,小鼠找到平台的潜伏期延长,小鼠在目标象限的停留时间缩短,海马成熟神经元数目降低,突触相关蛋白表达下降;木犀草素组小鼠新旧食物识别指数显著增加,小鼠找到平台的潜伏期缩短,小鼠在目标象限的停留时间延长,海马成熟神经元数目增多,突触相关蛋白表达上调。结论木犀草素可能通过增强氧自由基清除能力,保护海马神经元,增强神经突触可塑性,从而改善D-半乳糖导致的小鼠认知障碍。

藏药鼠麴草的质量评价研究

目的:评价鼠麴草(Gnaphalium affine D.Don)的质量。方法:采用TLC法进行定性鉴别,按2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则方法测定水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分和浸出物含有量,通过HPLC法测定木犀草素和芹菜素的含有量。采用SPSS 20.0软件对23批鼠麴草进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果:TLC斑点清晰,分离度好。23批样品水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分和浸出物含有量分别为7.83%~10.70%、5.95%~17.11%、0.83%~9.40%和8.87%~27.43%。木犀草素和芹菜素分别在0.7~374.5μg/mL(r=0.9999)和0.4~195.5μg/mL(r=0.9994)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为98.95%(RSD=1.94%)和97.18%(RSD=3.46%)。西藏地区的样品被聚为一类,其他地区样品分布离散,分类结果与地域有关。结论:该方法稳定可靠,可用于鼠麴草的质量评价。

luteolin对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能的保护作用及其可能机制

目的:研究luteolin对链脲佐菌素诱导的I型糖尿病大鼠心功能及心肌线粒体氧化应激的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机分成正常对照组,luteolin对照组,糖尿病模型组,低剂量luteolin(10 mg/(kg.d))灌胃治疗组,高剂量luteolin(100 mg/(kg.d))灌胃治疗组。各组大鼠饲养8周后,测体重、血糖、心功能、左心室重量、心肌胶原含量及活性氧自由基(ROS)水平,分离心肌线粒体检测ROS水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及线粒体肿胀程度。结果:luteolin处理对糖尿病大鼠血糖无明显影响,但可减少糖尿病引起的体重下降。高剂量luteolin可显著减小糖尿病大鼠心室与体重比值,提高左室发展压,降低左室舒张末压。高剂量luteolin治疗后,糖尿病大鼠心肌ROS及胶原含量,心肌线粒体ROS水平与肿胀程度均明显下降,心肌线粒体SOD活性明显增加。结论:luteolin处理可显著改善糖尿病大鼠心功能,其机制可能与减轻心肌线粒体氧化应激及抑制线粒体肿胀有关。

基于网络药理学和体外实验验证木犀草素抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖

目的:用网络药理学和体外实验验证的方法探讨木犀草素抑制膀胱癌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法:使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台、SwissTarget Prediction数据库、Pharmmapper数据库和GeneCards数据库,筛选出木犀草素和膀胱癌的作用靶点,利用Venny2.1取出交集靶点,用交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析并利用String数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,最后用Cytoscape构建成分-通路-靶点-疾病网络图。通过细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK8)、集落形成实验检测膀胱癌细胞的活力以及集落形成能力、蛋白质免疫印迹检测促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路上蛋白的表达以及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,5-乙炔基-2′-脱氧尿苷(EDU)实验进一步检测木犀草素对膀胱癌细胞增殖的影响。结果:通过网络药理学一共筛出136个木犀草素与膀胱癌的潜在靶点,GO分析中与生物过程相关主要涉及491个功能簇,与细胞组分相关主要涉及52个功能簇,与分子功能相关主要涉及112个功能簇。KEGG通路富集分析共获得151条通路,主要有癌症通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、MAPK信号通路。体外实验表明木犀草素通过MAPK信号通路有效抑制了膀胱癌细胞HT1376的增殖;CCK8实验结果表明,木犀草素能明显抑制膀胱癌细胞HT1376的活力;集落形成实验表明木犀草素具有明显抑制膀胱癌细胞集落形成的能力;蛋白质免疫印迹实验结果表明,木犀草素能明显抑制MAPK通路上P-RAF、P-MEK、P-ERK1/2蛋白的表达,并且降低了PCNA蛋白的表达水平;EDU实验表明木犀草素能明显抑制膀胱癌HT1376细胞的增殖。结论:本实验通过网络药理学和体外实验验证的方法证明了木犀草素可能通过MAPK信号通路抑制膀胱癌HT1376细胞的增殖。