Control of Lymantria dispar L. by biological agents

The experiment on control of Lymantria dispar L by using different kinds ofbiological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Lymantria dispar L., BtMP-342,sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of InnerMongolia in 2003. Two concentrations (2.632x10^6 PIB ? ml^(-1) and 2.632x10^7 PIB ?ml^(-1)) of Lymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae of L. dispar and 70% and77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instarlarvae and the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific ForestryResearch Center also showed a good result in trapping L. dispar adults. The self-produced botanicalinsecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an Mountains,China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae of L. dispar, and 82% mortalitywas observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd-5th-instar-larvaein lab.

舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)酚氧化酶的酶学特征及有机溶剂对其活性的影响

经35%饱和度硫酸铵分级沉淀,将舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)酚氧化酶部分纯化。测定该酶最适pH值为6.5,pH在6.5～7.5范围内酶保持稳定的活力。最适温度为35℃,当温度低于25℃时,酶具有稳定的活力。以L-多巴、邻苯二酚和焦性没食子酸为底物时,测定酚氧化酶对底物的专一性,结果表明其Km值分别为3.19、10.74和19.26 mmol.L-1。本实验还研究了有机溶剂对酶活力的影响,结果表明甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和二甲苯对舞毒蛾酚氧化酶都有持续的抑制作用,其IC50分别为0.450、.430、.41和0.13 mmol.L-1。

Influences of the Populus deltoids seedlings treated with exogenous methyl jasmonate on the growth and development of Lymantria dispar larvae

Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate （MeJA） for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of USP-1 by RNA interference in the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar

Ecdysteroids play an important role in regulating diverse physiological processes in arthropods,such as molting,metamorphosis,reproduction and diapause.Ecdysteroids mediate the response by binding to a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear receptors:the ecdysone receptor and the ultraspiracle(USP).To investigate the role of USP in development of the Asian gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar),a USP cDNA was obtained from the transcriptome of L.dispar and verified by PCR.In-depth profiling of transcript levels of L.dispar USP-1(LdUSP-1)at different developmental stages and over time in thirdinstar larvae and different tissues isolated during the thirdinstar stage of L.dispar was then carried out.Transcript levels of LdUSP-1 were relatively high before 72 h in the third-instar larvae after ecdysis and in the adult male.The function of LdUSP-1 in molting was analyzed by knockdown of LdUSP-1 in third instar larvae using RNA interference.Silencing of LdUSP-1 significantly downregulated the transcript level of E75,an ecdysone-inducible gene,and of Sad,a Halloween gene.In addition,the duration of the third-instar stage was slightly shortened and larval mortality increased after the LdUSP-1 knockdown.

Life circle and bionomics of Lymantria dispar L.

The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae overwinters in eggs, and last 50 days to grow up. From the completing of larvae period to the appearing of adults lasts 11 days. The study made a basis for the period forecasting of L.dispar in Inner Mongolia.

Correlation between Inclusion Contents in Casuarina spp. Twigs and Its Resistance to Lymantria xylina

[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the correlation between inclusion contents in Casuarina spp. twigs and its resistance to Lymantria xylina. [ Method] Three types of representative Casuar/na spp. strains including resistant strains （Zhanjiang 3, Hui 76, Hui 83, Guangdong A8-2）, moderate resistant strains （Pingtan 2, Hui 1, Long 7-18） and susceptible strains （Dongshan 2, Guangdong 501, Kang[eng） were tzst~ as materials to determine the contents of six kinds of inclusions, total phenol, tannin, flavonoids, protein, soluble sugar and polysaccharide. [ Result] The resistant strains had higher flavonaids, tannin and total phenol contents and lower soluble sugar and protein contents than the susceptible strains, while the content of polysaccharide acted randomly. The grey correla- tivity analysis showed that resistance degree, pupation rate and pupal weight had high correlation with protein and soluble sugar contents, with correlation index equal to or above 0.500 0. [ Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for screening and promotion of resistant strains against L xylina.

Molecular cloning, characterization, and antioxidant function of catalase in Lymantria dispar asiatic (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under avermectin stress

The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that open reading frames of LdCAT contains 1524 bp,encoding 507 amino acids with molecular weight of 126.99 kDa,theoretical pI of 5.00,aliphatic index of 29.92,grand average of hydropathicity of 0.764,and instability index(II)of 46.56.Protein BLAST and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LdCAT had high identity with CAT from other insects,especially lepidopterans.In a phylogenetic analysis,LdCAT was most similar to CAT from Spodoptera litura and S.exigua.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction showed that LdCAT transcripts in all instar larvae and the five tissues tested,verifying the ubiquity of LdCAT in L.disapr.Moreover,LdCAT of third instar larvae was significantly upregulated after they fed on avermectin at sublethal and LC10 doses.The highest relative transcript levels were found 2 h after an avermectin spray at LC90,and in the cuticula,rather than heads,fat bodies,malpighian tubes,and midguts after a spray avermectin at a sublethal concentration.The expression level of LdCAT under pesticide stresses here suggested that CAT is an important antioxidant enzyme of L.disapr defensing against pesticide stress and may be a good target for controlling this pest.

The sex peptide receptor in the Asian gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar,is involved in development and stress resistance

The G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)regulates downstream genes by binding to a heterotrimeric G protein.However,the function of sex peptide receptor(SPR)in lepidopteran species is mostly unknown.Understanding the physiological functions of SPR in insects is essential for exploring new insecticidal targets.In the present study,the functions of an SPR in Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moth;LdSPR)were investigated.The expression of LdSPR was the highest in the 6 th instar larval stage,and there was a large difference in expression between male and female adults.After LdSPR gene silencing,L.dispar larvae showed increased sensitivity to high temperature,starvation,and oxidative stress,indicating that LdSPR enhances stress resistance.These results enrich our knowledge of the function of the insect SPRs,which will lead to a better understanding of other insect GPCR family members and the identification of new targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides.

Synergic effect of sex pheromone(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadec-17-ene on(+)-disparlure of the Asian gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar, in Korea

field attraction test of (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2- methyloctadec-17-ene (= 7R,8S-epo-2me-17ene-18Hy), a trace component of the sex pheromone gland of the Asian gypsy moth,(Lymantria dispar), traps that were baited with the trace component attracted more L. dispar than traps baited with (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadec-17-ene (= 7S,8R-epo-2me-17ene-18Hy) and unbaited traps. However, traps baited with 7R,8S-epo-2me-17ene-18Hy were less attractive than traps baited with (+)-disparlure [=(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane], the sex pheromone of L. dispar. Combination tests with (?)-disparlure, 7R,8S-epo-2me-17ene-18Hy, and 7S,8R-epo-2me- 17ene-18Hy revealed that 7R,8S-epo-2me-17ene-18Hy acted synergistically with (?)-disparlure.

锥栗珊毒蛾Lymantria viola幼虫防治前后空间分布型的初步研究

本文采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法,测定了锥栗珊毒蛾Lymantria viola Swinhoe幼虫在防治前后的空间分布型;研究结果表明,锥栗珊毒蛾幼虫在防治前后在林间分布基本成份是个体群,空间分布型均为聚集分布,文中分析并计算了林间调查的最适抽样数,列出序贯抽样分析表。

两种丛枝菌根真菌定殖青山杨后对舞毒蛾的抗性研究

【目的】研究丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对青山杨抗虫性的影响以及舞毒蛾对AMF定殖青山杨的适应能力,为AMF定殖青山杨后抗虫性的研究提供科学依据。【方法】分别以对照(CK,无AMF定殖)、根内根孢囊霉(GI)或摩西管柄囊霉(GM)定殖的青山杨叶片饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫,统计3、4、5龄幼虫的体重、体长、头壳宽和食物利用率,测定4、5龄幼虫解毒酶酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)的活性。【结果】GI组3、4龄幼虫的体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),5龄与对照组差异不显著,GM组5龄幼虫的体长、体重、头壳宽、食物利用率均显著高于对照组。GI组3龄幼虫取食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4、5龄显著低于对照组,GM组5龄显著高于对照组,3、4龄与对照组差异不显著。GI组ACP显著低于对照组(P<0.05),AKP在4龄显著高于对照组,5龄AKP活性显著低于对照组。GM组两种解毒酶活性均显著高于对照组。【结论】GI定殖的青山杨能促进舞毒蛾低龄幼虫的生长,对舞毒蛾老熟幼虫的生长影响不显著。GM定殖青山杨叶片促进了舞毒蛾幼虫的生长发育,提高了食物的利用效率,激发了幼虫体内磷酸酯酶活性,表明舞毒蛾对GM定植的青山杨有更好的适应性。AMF对树木及植食性昆虫的影响具有种类特异性,GI定殖对青山杨的抗虫性的影响呈中性,GM定殖对青山杨的抗舞毒蛾产生负效应。

Estimate of parameters changing of the Lymantria dispar artificial population in different environmental conditions using the quasispecies model

This paper gives an interpretation of the quasispecies concept for an experiment of growing the Lymantria dispar artificial population.The changes estimate in the population parameters for a significant change in environmental conditions at the stage of hatching caterpillars from the eggs was given.Three numerical and two random parameters were used for quantitative analysis.They characterize the development of individuals of the population at this stage.The parameter changes significance was verified with using statistical tests.The results obtained do not contradict the quasispecies model.The use of fuzzy sets describes the transition from one quasispecies to another at a significant change in environmental conditions.

Molecular systematics analysis of Lymantria dispar based on 18S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data

The complete sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene （18S rRNA） from Lymantria dispar was cloned and analysed here. 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasel （coxl） gene sequences of Lymantria dispar were compared with homologous sequences of other nine insects from different orders. Analytic results showed that 18S rRNA of these insects had two conserved domains and the second domain was an even more conserved region. The phylogenetic trees based on the full-length sequence and the second domain fragment of 18S rRNA as well as sequence of coxl from different orders indicated that Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, which belongs to Amphiesmenoptera, had a closer phylogenetic relationship and fewer differences were observed comparing with traditional taxonomic results.

The effect analysis of the diapause duration on the hatching parameters of the artificial semi-annual population of Lymantria dispar caterpillars

The paper investigates the existence of a relationship between the diapause duration and the temperature threshold of hatching,the variances in temperature and hatching time of the artificial six-month population of Lymantria dispar caterpillars.A half-year population gives two generations a year under artificial conditions.A comparative analysis of these parameters with similar parameters of the hybrid population of L.dispar,as well as studies by other authors,has been carried out.The Eigen quasispecies model was used for the mathematical formalization of the evolution process.The results of this work can be used to study the evolution of L.dispar.

通辽市科尔沁区舞毒蛾生物学特性与不同龄期防控措施

舞毒蛾危害通辽市科尔沁杨柳榆等阔叶树种,通过野外踏查结合系统观测的方式摸清了舞毒蛾在科尔沁区的生物学特性和发生等级判断方法。针对不同龄期幼虫进行了防治试验,结果表明:1月末~2月末进行摘卵破卵防治;5月1日~15日对初孵幼虫采用1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油1000倍液喷雾防治;6月中旬前对2~3龄幼虫施放15%异丙威烟剂防治效果好。

Insights into the Temporal Gene Expression Pattern in Lymantria dispar Larvae During the Baculovirus Induced Hyperactive Stage

Baculoviruses are effective biological control agents for many insect pests. They not only efficiently challenge the host immune system but also make them hyperactive for better virus dispersal. Some investigations have focused on the viral mechanisms for induction of such altered response from the host. However, there are no current studies monitoring changes in gene expression during this altered phenotype in infected larvae. The L. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(Ld MNPV) induces hyperactivity in third instar L. dispar larvae at 3-days post infection(dpi), to continued till 6 dpi. The transcriptome profiles of the infected and uninfected larvae at these time points were analyzed to provide new clues on the response of the larvae towards infection during hyperactivity. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed, most of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were involved in proteolysis, extracellular region, and serine-type endopeptidase activity. Similarly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment analysis showed maximum enrichment of 487 genes of the signal transduction category and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction sub-category with 85 annotated genes. In addition, enrichment map visualization of gene set enrichment analysis showed the coordinated response of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction genes with other functional gene sets, as an important signal transduction mechanism during the hyperactive stage. Interestingly all the DEGs in neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions were serine proteases, their differential expression during the hyperactive stage correlated with their conceivable involvement in disease progression and the resulting altered phenotype during this period. The outcome provides a basic understanding of L. dispar larval responses to Ld MNPV infection during the hyperactive stage and helps to determine the important host factors involved in this process.

木毒蛾核型多角体病毒的PCR快速检测技术

【目的】木毒蛾是福建沿海地区防护林树种木麻黄的主要害虫之一,具有成为国际危险性有害生物的潜在可能性。木毒蛾核型多角体病毒(Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,LyxyMNPV)是高效控制木毒蛾的优良天敌资源,具有高度安全性。建立LyxyMNPV的PCR快速检测技术,有利于该虫防治技术及木毒蛾核型多角体病毒的进一步研究。【方法】根据LyxyMNPV基因组中的特有基因gp131设计特异性引物,利用PCR法扩增该目的基因片段并测序检验,建立LyxyMNPV的分子快速检测技术体系。【结果】以GAL为引物的PCR检测技术对LyxyMNPV基因组的灵敏度可达1 fg·mL^(-1),对多角体悬液浓度检测最低量可达5.0 PIB·mL^(-1),可明确区分LyxyMNPV和其他7种昆虫核型多角体病毒。该体系同时适用于感病木毒蛾的不同虫态(卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫)的检测,以及环境样本(包括土壤、树枝和寄生蜂)的检测。【结论】成功建立了具有高度特异性、灵敏性的LyxyMNPV分子快速检测技术,为LyxyMNPV的快速检测提供分子生物学证据。

木毒蛾蛹性别的快速鉴定

木毒蛾是我国东南沿海木麻黄防护林最主要的食叶害虫。通过对木毒蛾雌、雄蛹(老熟)外部形态特征进行观测,发现其主要差异如下:雌蛹平均体长(30.36±2.30)mm,平均质量(1.73±0.35)g,平均体宽(10.57±0.78)mm,均大于雄蛹[平均体长(23.51±1.65)mm,平均质量(0.74±0.14)g,平均体宽(8.46±0.60)mm];雌蛹头部腹面较为平整,雄蛹更为立体;雌蛹的中足明显较雄蛹宽且长;雌蛹的生殖孔与产卵孔均位于第8~9腹节连接处向第9腹节延伸的纵裂缝上,而雄蛹的生殖孔位于第9腹节中间处;雌蛹的排泄孔距生殖孔较远,而雄蛹较为接近。综合以上外部特征判断木毒蛾蛹性别,准确率可达100%。这可为木毒蛾的野外采样、林间性比研究及其监测预警提供一定依据。