Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by mediating enteric pyroptosis

Background:Visceral adipose tissue(VAT)has been linked to the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)prognosis,although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.It has been reported that pyroptosis worsens SAP.The present study aimed to verify whether mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT,a component of VAT)can cause secondary intestinal injury through the pyroptotic pathway.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into six different groups.Twelve rats were randomly divided into the SAP and control groups.We monitored the changes of MAT and B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT of SAP rats.Twelve SAP rats were injected with MAT B lymphocytes or phosphate buffer solution(PBS).The remaining twelve SAP rats were first injected with MAT B lymphocytes,and then with MCC950(NLRP3 inhibitor)or PBS.We collected blood and tissue samples from pancreas,gut and MAT for analysis.Results:Compared to the control rats,the SAP group showed inflammation in MAT,including higher expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),lower expression of IL-10,and histological changes.Flow cytometry analysis revealed B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT but not T lymphocytes and macrophages.The SAP rats also exhibited intestinal injury,characterized by lower expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase,and pathological changes.The expression of NLRP3 and n-GSDMD,which are responsible for pyroptosis,was increased in the intestine of SAP rats.The injection of MAT B lymphocytes into SAP rats exacerbated the inflammation in MAT.The upregulation of pyroptosis reduced tight junction in the intestine,which contributed to the SAP progression,including higher inflammatory indicators and worse histological changes.The administration of MCC950 to SAP+MAT B rats downregulated pyroptosis,which subsequently improved the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammatory response of SAP.Conclusions:In SAP,MAT B lymphocytes aggravated local inflammation,and promoted the injury to the intestine through the enteric pyroptotic pathway.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection,mismatch repair,HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The influence of Helicobacter-pylori(H.pylori)infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer(GC)on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively studied.Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information.AIM To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair(dMMR),HER2-status and H.pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC.METHODS Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral(IT),stromal(ST)and invasive-border(IB)compartments.The density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC).H.pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR(qPCR)in a subset of samples.RESULTS dMMR was found in 34.4%,HER2+in 5%and H.pylori-positive in 55.7%of samples.High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with grade-1(P<0.001),intestinal-histology(P<0.001)and no-recurrence(P=0.003).dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compartments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)densities.HER2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).H.pylorinegative was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by routine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCR.A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels were related to dMMR and H.pylori-negativity.Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer:Unraveling complex interactions for precision medicine

This editorial will focus on tumor immunity and the factors that alter the tumor immune micro-environment.The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)will also be discussed in detail,including the types,mechanism of action,and role.Gastric cancer(GC)often presents in the advanced stage and has various factors predicting the outcomes.The interplay of these factors and their correlation with the TILs is discussed.A literature review revealed high intratumoral TILs associated with higher grade,HER2-,and Helicobacter pylori negativity.Moreover,stromal(ST)TILs correlated with lower grade and lesser recurrence risk in GC.High TILs in ST and invasive border also correlated with mismatch repair deficiency status.Further characterization of the CD3+,CD8+,and other cells is also warranted.In the future,this complex correlation of cancer cells with the immune system can be explored for therapeutic avenues.

Bystanders or not?Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke

As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.

Novel Protein C6ORF120 Promotes Apoptosis through Mitochondria-dependent Pathway in CD4+ T Lymphocytes

Generally,a healthy immune system should be in dynamic balance,which can be maintained by both promoting and resisting inflammation.Lymphocyte apoptosis is indispensable for maintaining homeostasis[1]and participates in the entire process of lymphocyte differentiation,development,maturation,and immune effects.It has been reported that a large amount of lymphocyte apoptosis occurs in lymphoid organs during severe trauma[2].Lymphocytes consist of T and B lymphocytes,among which CD4^(+)T cells were the focus of this study.CD4^(+)T lymphocytes play an important role in the innate immunity.Apoptosis of CD4^(+)T lymphocytes is an important biological process that induces CD4^(+)T cell depletion[3].Numerous studies have shown that CD4^(+)T cell apoptosis participates in many pathological processes of diseases such as HIV infection,cancer,and systemic sclerosis[4].Classical apoptosis is induced by factors that can activate several pathways,including the mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,and death receptor pathways[5].The mitochondrial pathway is mainly activated by the Bcl-2 family[6].The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)pathway is affected by endoplasmic reticulum disorders.Some external factors can trigger the death receptor pathway,such as the binding of TNF-TNFR and the combination of Fas-FasL[7].Considering these pathways,it is feasible to study the specific mechanisms of lymphocyte apoptosis,primarily in CD4^(+)T cells.

Effects of platelets on characteristics of lymphocytes cultured in vitro and optimization of adoptive immunotherapy

T lymphocytes,the main participants of cellular immunity,can express a variety of surface molecules and form different lymphocyte subsets under the induction of different factors to play the functions of immune regulation and immune killing.Studies have shown that platelets play a crucial role in maintaining the stable differentiation of lymphocytes and the balance in immunomodulation.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effect of platelets on lymphocytes in vitro to better understand the role of platelets in the immune system and broaden the application of adoptive immunotherapy.Methods:Cell counting and microscopic observation were used to detect the effect of activated platelets on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro;Flow cytometry was used to detect whether changes in platelet activity affect the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro,and to detect differences in the expression of granzyme B;lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH)was used to determine the difference in lymphocyte killing activity caused by platelet activity in vitro.Results:This was the first to promote lymphocyte proliferation through the expression or release of certain molecules in vitro,demonstrating that platelet activation is one of the key factors.Secondly,activated platelets or inactivated platelets promoted lymphocyte subset differentiation by enhancing the proportion of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes(CTL cells)but had a slight effect on the proportion of CD3+CD4+T(Th cells)and CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes(Treg cells).Then,it was found that either activated platelets or inactivated platelets down-regulated the proportion of natural killer(NK)T lymphocytes,while activated platelets significantly enhance the proportion of NK lymphocytes.Therefore,by further detecting the killing activity of PBMCs treated with platelets,it was found that activated platelets promoted the extensive anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes and significantly increased the expression of granzyme B.Conclusion:Our results suggest that activated platelets promote lymphocyte proliferation,optimize lymphocyte subpopulation ratio,and promote cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes in vitro,which may provide a new strategy for optimizing the adoptive immunotherapy culture system and improving its efficacy.

Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocytes Ratio in Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer as a Prognostic and Predictive Factor: A Retrospective Study

Background: In developed countries, colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer, only exceeded by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. After Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and brain tumors, colon cancer is the 7th most common cancer in Egypt, in both sexes, representing 3.47% and 3%, in both male and female cancers, respectively. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, in high-risk stage II and stage III Colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients, who were submitted to upfront surgery as first therapeutic option in curative intent, between January 2017 and December 2018. Pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), as well as demographics, clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence. Results: The cutoff point of Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test to 3. This study revealed that neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p as no difference in efficacy between both chemotherapy regimens FOLFOX and XELOX in both high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer regarding disease free survival & the toxicity profile associated with each regimen and its grades between patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) more than 3 may be an independent prognostic marker for TTR (time to recurrence) in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer patients.

表达猪源GM-CSF重组PRRSV疫苗对同源高致病性毒株的免疫保护效力评价

为研究表达猪源粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在动物体内的免疫调节特性及对其的保护效力评价,本研究将15头30日龄仔猪随机分成4组,空白对照组(DMEM)4头、疫苗对照组(HuN4-F112株)4头、疫苗组(rPRRSV-GM-CSF株)3头和攻毒对照组(DMEM^(+)HuN4株)4头。疫苗对照组肌注免疫HuN4-F112株10^(5) TCID_(50)/头、疫苗组肌注免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF株10^(5) TCID_(50)/头,实验空白组和攻毒对照组肌注DMEM 2 mL/头,免疫后28 d,疫苗组、疫苗对照组和攻毒对照组肌注HuN4株(10_(5) TCID_(50)/头)。攻毒后的试验结果表明,免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF重组病毒组和疫苗株HuN4-F112组获得完全保护,阴性对照组全部死亡;通过IDEXX试剂盒检测仔猪血清中PRRSV抗体水平可知,在免疫14 d后,疫苗组抗体水平显著高于疫苗对照组(P<0.05);由流式细胞术分析体内免疫细胞亚群比例可知,疫苗组同疫苗对照组相比,疫苗组的重组疫苗株能够引起免疫记忆细胞亚群CD4^(+)CD8^(+)T在免疫后28 d显著升高,以及引发攻毒后其抗原递呈细胞显著增多,进而促进CD4-CD8^(+)T的增殖以发挥抗病毒免疫应答。本研究筛选出了一株具有改善HuN4-F112弱毒疫苗株免疫效果的重组病毒rPRRSV-GM-CSF,为进一步研发广谱通用的新型疫苗奠定基础。

NLR、LMR、PLR在自身免疫性肝炎患者中的表达及意义

目的探讨自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者中炎性指标表达及意义。方法选取2019年1月—2022年1月龙岩市第二医院收治的91例AIH患者作为本次研究对象,作为AIH组,另外选取同期健康体检患者90例为对照组,比较两组患者肝脏生化和免疫指标及中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、淋巴细胞-单核细胞比值(LMR)三项血细胞指标。结果AIH组患者的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)等肝脏生化指标均高于对照组(均P<0.05);AIH组NLR、PLR指标水平均高于对照组,LMR水平低于对照组(均P<0.05);经过二元logistic回归分析,NLR、PLR、LMR均是AIH的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。根据绘制ROC曲线显示,NLR、PLR、LMR的AUC值分别为0.941、0.996、0.863,PLR诊断的价值高于NLR和LMR(P<0.05)。结论肝脏生化和免疫指标与AIH发生有影响,NLR、LMR、PLR是AIH的独立危险因素,在诊断AIH具有应用价值。

初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与营养不良风险的相关性分析

背景与目的 恶性肿瘤患者往往伴随营养不良,与预后密切相关。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)作为体内炎症的指标,能够预测多种疾病的营养不良风险,然而其与肺癌患者营养不良的关系尚不明确。本研究旨在分析NLR与初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的关系,并进一步确定NLR的截断值以更好地预测患者营养不良的风险。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年2月天津医科大学总医院肿瘤内科收治的209例初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者,应用营养风险筛查2002 (nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)量表对其营养状况进行评估,同时收录患者人口学信息、病理、卡氏体能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分、体重指数、合并疾病及临床生化指标的资料。分析NLR与营养不良风险的关系,并采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线来确定预测营养不良风险的最佳NLR临界值。应用多因素Logistic回归进一步评估NLR与营养不良风险之间的关系。结果 初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者存在营养不良风险的比率为36.36%(76/209)。对NLR与NRS 2002营养不良风险评分进行分析发现,NLR与营养不良风险评分呈正相关(r=0.765,P<0.001)。通过ROC曲线分析,确定初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的最佳截断值NLR为3.94 [曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)=0.747,95%CI:0.678-0.815,P<0.001],敏感性为55%,特异性为86%,阳性预测值为68%,阴性预测值为77%。相比于NLR≤3.94组的患者,NLR>3.94组的患者更容易发生营养不良(69.49%vs 23.33%,P<0.001),并且NLR为初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的独立危险因素。结论 NLR在初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者中与营养不良风险有关,NLR可作为Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养风险筛查的指标之一。

黄芪对甲状腺功能正常的桥本甲状腺炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达的影响

目的·探讨黄芪对甲状腺功能正常的桥本甲状腺炎患者T淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子表达的影响。方法·选择2020年1月—12月在上海市第六人民医院金山分院接受治疗且资料完整的甲状腺功能正常的桥本甲状腺炎患者120例,采用随机数字表将患者为干预组及对照组,每组各60例。对照组治疗方案为碘适宜状态饮食,干预组在对照组治疗方案基础上联合黄芪药液口服(150 mL/次,2次/d)治疗。连续治疗6个月,比较2组治疗前后外周血清T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)),细胞因子[包括白细胞介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、IL-6、IL-10],超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP),红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR),以及甲状腺功能及自身抗体、肝肾功能等指标的变化。观察黄芪治疗期间不良反应。应用多因素线性回归分析甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb)变化幅度的影响因素。结果·最终纳入118例患者,每组各59例。治疗6个月后,干预组CD4^(+)T细胞比例,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值,IL-2、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、hs-CRP、ESR、TPOAb和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TGAb)水平均较治疗前及其同期对照组显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对照组治疗后上述指标与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后干预组未见严重不良反应。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,应用黄芪、CD4^(+)T细胞、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值升高幅度及hs-CRP下降幅度均是TPOAb下降幅度的独立影响因素(β=−0.393,P=0.029;β=−0.513,P=0.010;β=−0.351,P=0.035;β=0.434,P=0.023)。结论·黄芪可改善甲状腺功能正常的桥本甲状腺炎患者CD4^(+)T细胞、IL-2、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值,且安全性佳。

超声血流参数联合NLR、CA125、PLR对子宫内膜癌鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨超声联合中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)NLR、糖类抗原125(CA125)对子宫内膜癌鉴别诊断价值。方法:收集2020年1月-2022年10月本院收治的子宫内膜癌患者92例为内膜癌组,子宫内膜良性病变患者82例为良性病变组,超声检测两组患者血流搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV),检测患者血清NLR、PLR、CA125水平,采用受试者工作特征(AUC)曲线分析各指标对子宫内膜癌鉴别诊断价值。结果:内膜癌组超声血流参数PSV高于对照组,PI、RI低于良性病变组,且内膜癌组Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者PSV高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者,PI、RI低于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者;血清CA125、NLR、PLR水平,内膜癌组均高于良性病变组,且内膜癌组Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者(均P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,超声血流参数、CA125、NLR、PLR及联合应用鉴别诊断子宫内膜癌的曲线下面积分别为0.813、0.892,0.717、0.632、0.952,联合诊断效能最佳,敏感度98.2%。结论:超声血流参数,血清CA125、NLR、PLR在子宫内膜癌患者中发生异常,各指标联合应用对子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断效力较高,有较好的临床指导价值。

外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。方法 采用回顾性队列研究,选取2015年2月—2016年8月西安交通大学第二附属医院重症医学科住院的年龄≥60岁的脓毒症患者75例,依据ICU结局分为存活组(n=54)及死亡组(n=21)。收集患者一般资料,诊断脓毒症当天进行急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分及序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分,检测外周血液标本TNF-a、IL-10及CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞。结果 死亡组平均年龄大于存活组(P<0.05)。死亡组较存活组有更高的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及休克比例,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。死亡组外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞、TNF-a、IL-10较存活组更高(P<0.05)。存活组的耐药菌感染比例低于死亡组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无论单因素还是对一系列协变量进行调整的多因素Logistic回归分析均显示,较高的外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞比例与高的ICU死亡率相关(OR, 1.21;95%CI, 1.10~1.33)(OR, 1.30;95%CI, 1.07~1.58);APACHEⅡ评分预后预测的AUC为0.78(95%CI 0.67~0.90),将最适诊断界点22.5分作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为61.9%和75.2%。SOFA评分预后预测的AUC为0.80(95%CI,0.68~0.92),将最适诊断界点9.5分作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为71.4%和77.8%。外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞预后预测的AUC为0.91(95%CI,0.83~0.99),将最适诊断界点60.2%作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为81.0%和92.6%。结论 老年脓毒症患者外周血高CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞比例与ICU死亡率增加相关,一定程度上可用于评估此类人群的病情严重程度及预测预后。

不同剂量异烟肼治疗肺结核的临床效果及对患者肺功能和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量异烟肼治疗肺结核的临床效果及对患者肺功能、T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 选取2020年6月至2022年6月河北省胸科医院收治的肺结核患者90例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组在常规抗结核药物基础上予0.3 g/d异烟肼治疗,观察组在常规抗结核药物基础上予0.5 g/d异烟肼治疗,2组疗程均为6个月。比较2组临床疗效,评估患者肺功能及T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组最大呼气流量、第1秒用力呼气容积均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组[(7.8±1.4)L/s比(6.3±1.2)L/s、(1.48±0.28)L比(1.15±0.23)L](均P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清CD+3、CD+4、CD+4/CD+8比值均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,CD+8均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同剂量异烟肼治疗肺结核的临床效果不同,增加异烟肼剂量至0.5 g/d能够提升疗效,促进肺结核患者肺功能改善,提高免疫功能,且安全性较好。

22例婴儿急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析婴儿急性淋巴细胞白血病(IALL)的临床及生物学特点,探讨其疗效及预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月—2020年6月于我院初诊并进行治疗的IALL患儿22例,分析其MICM分型、转归及预后影响因素。结果 IALL占我院急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)总收治数的3.33%。22例IALL发病时中位年龄9(3~11)月,所有患儿均为B-ALL,10例CD10表达为阴性,12例合并MLL重排(MLLr)。诱导治疗第19天,19例(86.4%)骨髓获完全缓解。12例(54.6%)治疗期间合并严重感染,5例(22.7%)因严重感染而死亡。5例(22.7%)骨髓复发,预计3年累积复发率为29.6%±11.3%,合并MLLr患儿更易出现复发(P=0.04)。22例患儿预计3年无事件生存(EFS)率为49.0%±10.8%,预计3年总生存期(OS)率为49.7%±10.9%。初诊年龄<6月及6~12月者预计3年EFS率分别为33.3%±19.2%、54.5%±12.8%(P=0.28),CD10阴性与阳性患儿的预计3年EFS率分别为40.0%±15.5%、56.3%±14.8%(P=0.29),MLLr阳性与阴性患儿的预计3年EFS率分别为33.3%±13.6%、68.6%±15.1%(P=0.12)。结论 IALL因其特殊的临床及生物学特征,治疗相关死亡率高,复发率高,总体预后差,初诊年龄<6月龄、免疫表型CD10阴性及合并MLLr的患儿预后更差。

白细胞介素-38对乳腺癌患者CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素-38(IL-38)在乳腺癌患者中的表达及其对CD8^(+)T细胞功能的调控作用。方法纳入2020年7月—2022年9月在新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊的44例乳腺癌患者、25例乳腺良性肿瘤患者和20例对照者。分离所有受试者的血浆和外周血单个核细胞,分离乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞,纯化CD8^(+)T细胞。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆IL-38蛋白水平,应用实时定量PCR检测组织IL-38 mRNA相对表达量。使用重组人IL-38刺激乳腺癌患者外周血和肿瘤组织分离的CD8^(+)T细胞,建立CD8^(+)T细胞与乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的共培养系统,通过测定乳酸脱氢酶水平计算靶细胞死亡比例,ELISA法检测培养上清中穿孔素、颗粒酶B、干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,流式细胞术检测CD8^(+)T细胞的免疫检查点分子表达。结果乳腺癌患者血浆IL-38水平(74.23±19.88 pg/mL)高于乳腺良性肿瘤患者(62.87±16.27 pg/mL,P=0.018)和对照者(61.77±12.75 pg/mL,P=0.013)。乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中IL-38 mRNA相对表达量显著高于癌旁组织(1.57±0.22 vs.1.00±0.18,P<0.001)。外周血和肿瘤浸润CD8^(+)T细胞诱导靶细胞死亡比例、穿孔素和颗粒酶B分泌在直接接触共培养组中的水平高于间接接触共培养组(P<0.05),但干扰素-γ和TNF-α分泌水平在直接接触共培养组和间接接触共培养组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在直接接触共培养组内,靶细胞死亡比例、穿孔素、颗粒酶B、干扰素-γ、TNF-α在IL-38刺激组中的水平低于无刺激组(P<0.05)。在间接接触共培养组内,靶细胞死亡比例、干扰素-γ、TNF-α在IL-38刺激组中的水平亦低于无刺激组(P<0.05),但穿孔素和颗粒酶B水平在间接接触共培养组内的IL-38刺激组和无刺激组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD8^(+)T细胞中免疫检查点分子表达水平在无刺激组和IL-38刺激组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者中高表达的IL-38可能参与诱导CD8^(+)T细胞功能衰竭。

达沙替尼体外抑制慢性淋巴细胞白血病增殖及BTKC481S功能

目的探讨达沙替尼(BMS-354825)体外对慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL)细胞系增殖及野生型/耐药突变型布鲁顿激酶(BTK)活化及功能的影响。方法观察不同浓度的达沙替尼对CLL细胞系的增殖抑制作用。采用不同浓度的达沙替尼及伊布替尼处理外源性表达野生型BTK及常见突变子BTKC481S、BTKT474F及BTKT474I/C481S的细胞系,Western blot检测BTK及其下游靶点PLCγ2的磷酸化水平。结果达沙替尼能显著抑制CLL细胞系MEC-1及JVM3细胞的增殖,且呈剂量依赖性,IC50分别为3.54μmol/L及0.65μmol/L;0.5μmol/L的伊布替尼及0.2μmol/L的达沙替尼可抑制野生型BTK及PLCγ2的磷酸化活化。当BCR信号激活后,BTKC481S、BTKT474F及BTKT474I/C481S均可功能性激活并磷酸化活化下游PLCγ2,这些突变子均对生理浓度的伊布替尼耐药。0.5μmol/L的达沙替尼体外可抑制BTKC481S活化并进而抑制PLCγ2活化,但不能抑制BTKT474F及BTKT474I/C481S的活化,提示沙替尼体可克服BTKC481S导致的耐药而对“守门员”位点突变无效。结论达沙替尼可抑制野生型BTK及BTKC481S激酶活化及功能并抑制CLL细胞增殖,有望解决BTKC481S引发的伊布替尼耐药。

重症肌无力的免疫靶向治疗进展

重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)是由神经肌肉接头处的特异性自身抗体引起的自身免疫性疾病。MG的传统免疫治疗药物包括糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、静脉注射免疫球蛋白等。虽然这些免疫抑制剂对大多数MG患者有效,但所带来的不良反应或并发症仍为MG治疗中的难题。此外,非特异性免疫抑制剂通常起效较慢,且存在骨髓抑制、增加感染及肿瘤发生的风险。随着多种新型靶向生物制剂的涌现,MG的治疗进入分子免疫时代,为患者和临床医生提供了更多的治疗选择。本文重点综述了分别作用于MG病理生理过程中不同靶点的3类新型生物制剂,包括B细胞耗竭剂、末端补体C5抑制剂以及新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)抑制剂等。与传统的免疫制剂相比,此类靶向药物在MG治疗中的副作用更少,起效更快,而且具有潜在的长期持续疾病缓解能力。

雷帕霉素在移植物抗宿主病防治中作用的研究进展

移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)降低异基因造血干细胞移植后患者的疗效和生活质量,特别是激素耐药的GVHD,探索新的防治策略至关重要。雷帕霉素通过抑制mTOR信号通路,在急、慢性GVHD的预防和治疗中均显示出一定的临床优势。另外,雷帕霉素可以调节T细胞、B细胞、树突细胞、骨髓来源的抑制细胞等细胞亚群,阐明了其有效防控GVHD的机制。本文就mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素防治GVHD的最新研究进展作一综述,同时就如何优化使用雷帕霉素提出新的思考。

外周血淋巴细胞数量对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者近期预后的独立危险因素分析

目的探讨外周血淋巴细胞数量对手术夹闭治疗的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者近期预后的评估作用。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2022年6月本院收治的进行手术夹闭治疗的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,根据出院时GOS评分分为预后良好组(n=47)和预后不良组(n=43),通过差异性分析及多因素logistic回归分析相关因素,并构建受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)来评价外周血淋巴细胞数量对于动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者近期预后的预测能力。结果入院时GCS评分、Hunt-Hess评分、Fisher评分、术前淋巴细胞数量在两组患者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时GCS评分和外周血淋巴细胞数量是患者近期预后的独立影响因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线分析:淋巴细胞数量评估其近期预后不良的最佳临界值为1.15×10^(9)/L,曲线下面积为0.668(P<0.05),其敏感度为67.4%,特异度为74.5%。结论术前淋巴细胞数量是手术夹闭治疗的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者近期预后的独立危险因素,监测淋巴细胞数量有助于预测动脉瘤患者预后。