Lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor rescues the osteogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells under osteoporotic conditions by modulating H3K4 methylation

Bone tissue engineering may be hindered by underlying osteoporosis because of a decreased osteogenic ability of autologous seed cells and an unfavorably changed microenvironment in these patients. Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the developmental origins of osteoporosis; however, few studies have investigated the potential of epigenetic therapy to improve or rescue the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs) under osteoporotic conditions. Here, we investigated pargyline, an inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1), which mainly catalyzes the demethylation of the di- and mono-methylation of H3K4. We demonstrated that 1.5 mmol·Lpargyline was the optimal concentration for the osteogenic differentiation of human BMMSCs. Pargyline rescued the osteogenic differentiation ability of mouse BMMSCs under osteoporotic conditions by enhancing the dimethylation level of H3K4 at the promoter regions of osteogenesis-related genes. Moreover, pargyline partially rescued or prevented the osteoporotic conditions in aged or ovariectomized mouse models, respectively. By introducing the concept of epigenetic therapy into the field of osteoporosis, this study demonstrated that LSD1 inhibitors could improve the clinical practice of MSC-based bone tissue engineering and proposes their novel use to treat osteoporosis.

Lysine-specific Demethylase 1 Represses THP-1 Monocyte-to-macrophage Differentiation

Objective To investigate the role of lysine-specific demethylase 1 （LSD1） in the process of THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of LSD1 and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in THP-1 monocytes and THP-l-derived macrophages. Chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChiP） assay was applied to detect the occupancy of LSD1 and H3K4 methylation at IL-6 promoter during THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. IL-6 mRNA level and H3K4 methylation at IL-6 promoter were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ChiP assay in LSD 1 -knockdown THP- 1 cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate （TPA） for 0 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Fluorescence activated flow cytometry was performed to reveal the percentage of macrophages differentiated from THP- 1 monocytes. Results The expression of LSD1 reduced during THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation （P〈0.01）. LSD1 occupancy decreased and H3K4 methylation increased at IL-6 promoter during the differentiation. With knockdown of LSD1, H3K4 methylation at IL-6 promoter was found increased after TPA treatment at different times points （all P〈0.05, except 24 hours）. The percentage of macrophages increased significantly in theTHP-I cells with LSD1 knockdown （P〈0.05）. Conclusions LSD1 is repressed during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of THP-1 cells. Suppression of LSD 1-mediated H3K4 demethylation may be required for THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation.

LSD1、HDAC及其双靶点抑制剂在抗肿瘤应用中的研究进展

表观遗传学调控因其可逆性及在疾病进程中的关键作用,已成为肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶(LSD1)与组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)是调控癌细胞基因表达的重要靶点,抑制这两种蛋白可以显示出显著的肿瘤治疗效果。本综述聚焦于LSD1和HDAC的单靶点及双靶点抑制剂的研究进展,探讨了这些抑制剂在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用。双靶点抑制剂通过同时抑制LSD1和HDAC活性,提供了超越单一抑制剂的抗癌效果,展示了改善治疗效果的潜力。文章细致回顾了这些抑制剂在临床前研究和临床试验中的表现,指出其优势与挑战,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

抗肿瘤药物新靶点:表观遗传组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)依赖的氨基氧化酶,能够特异性去除组蛋白H3K4和H3K9的单、双甲基化。利用RNA干扰技术和小分子LSD1抑制剂调节LSD1的表达量和活性,能够控制肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭。同时,由于LSD1在多种肿瘤中高表达,靶向LSD1的抗肿瘤治疗方案表现出较高的选择性和较低的毒副作用。因此,LSD1可能成为表观遗传学抗肿瘤药物的新靶点。本文对近年来LSD1的结构、功能研究及最新的LSD1抑制剂研究进展做一综述和分析。

组蛋白H3K27甲基化对人高分化鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1增殖的抑制效应

目的分析特异性阻断组蛋白H3K27me3/2去甲基化反应对人高分化鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞增殖能力的调控作用及其分子机制。方法体外培养人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1,运用组蛋白H3K27me3/2去甲基化酶抑制剂GSK-J4特异性阻断组蛋白H3K27me3/2去甲基化反应。用含0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mmol/L的GSK-J4培养基(10%FBS的RPMI-1640培养液)作用于CNE-1细胞作为实验组,同时设溶剂对照(DMSO,二甲基亚砜)。激光共聚焦技术和流式细胞计量术分析细胞内组蛋白H3K27me3的表达水平;实时荧光定量PCR技术检测细胞内cyclinD1和Ki-67 mRNA的表达水平;用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖活性;平板集落实验检测细胞集落形成能力;流式细胞计量术检测细胞周期的分布。结果实验组细胞内组蛋白H3K27me3表达水平较对照组明显增高(P<0.05);实验组细胞内cyclinD1和Ki-67 mRNA表达水平较对照组明显下调(P<0.05);CNE-1细胞活力随GSK-J4作用浓度的增加逐渐降低,呈浓度依赖性;实验组细胞增殖活力和集落形成能力较对照组明显下降(P<0.05);实验组G0/G1期细胞百分数较对照组增多,S期减少(P<0.05)。结论上调CNE-1细胞内组蛋白H3K27的甲基化修饰水平可以诱导细胞周期阻滞,抑制细胞增殖,作用机制可能与下调cyclinD1和Ki-67 mRNA水平相关。

LSD1在肿瘤中的研究进展及其抑制剂的开发现状

在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中,遗传物质的异常改变发挥了重要作用,但随着表观遗传学的出现,改变了人类对遗传信息的认知,表观遗传学逐渐成为肿瘤研究领域中的热点。组蛋白去甲基化酶1(LSD1)是第1个被发现的组蛋白去甲基化酶,依赖于FAD的单胺氧化酶,可以催化组蛋白赖氨酸H3K4和H3K9去甲基化,启动或抑制基因的转录。目前研究证实,LSD1在多种肿瘤中高表达并与肿瘤的发生及预后密切相关。LSD1对肿瘤的增殖、侵袭和转移起重要的调控作用,因此逐渐成为潜在的抗肿瘤靶点。本文将对LSD1在肿瘤领域的研究进展及其抑制剂在肿瘤中的应用作一综述。

Promising natural lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors for cancer treatment:advances and outlooks

Lysine specific demethylase 1(LSD1),a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator that serves as a demethylase of histone 3 lysine 4 and 9,has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.LSD1 mediates many cellular signaling pathways and regulates cancer cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and differentiation.Recent research has focused on the exploration of its pharmacological inhibitors.Natural products are a major source of compounds with abundant scaffold diversity and structural complexity,which have made a major contribution to drug discovery,particularly anticancer agents.In this review,we briefly highlight recent advances in natural LSD1 inhibitors over the past decade.We present a comprehensive review on their discovery and identification process,natural plant sources,chemical structures,anticancer effects,and structure-activity relationships,and finally provide our perspective on the development of novel natural LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

卵巢癌组织中LSD1、NDRG1基因表达量与癌细胞迁移、侵袭的相关性研究

目的:研究卵巢癌组织中赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(lysine-specific demethylase 1,LSD1)、N-myc下游调节基因1(N-myc downstream regulated 1,NDRG1)基因表达量与癌细胞迁移、侵袭的相关性。方法:选择2014年3月~2017年7月扶风县人民医院接受手术切除的卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,手术切除后取卵巢癌组织和癌旁组织,测定LSD1、NDRG1基因及迁移基因、侵袭基因的表达量。结果:卵巢癌组织中LSD1、YKL40、COX2、Twist、IFITM1、CatL、CTHRC1、MMP2、FUNDC1基因的mRNA表达量显著高于癌旁组织,NDRG1、E-cadherin、Wnt5a基因的mRNA表达量显著低于癌旁组织;LSD1高表达的卵巢癌组织中YKL40、COX2、Twist、IFITM1、CatL、CTHRC1、MMP2、FUNDC1的mRNA表达量显著高于LSD1低表达的卵巢癌组织,E-cadherin、Wnt5a基因的mRNA表达量显著低于LSD1低表达的卵巢癌组织。结论:卵巢癌组织中LSD1高表达、NDRG1低表达能够促进癌细胞的迁移、侵袭。

Correlation of LSD1 and NDRG1 gene expression in ovarian cancer tissue with cancer cell migration and invasion

Objective: To study the correlation of LSD1 and NDRG1 gene expression in ovarian cancer tissue with cancer cell migration and invasion. Methods: Patients with ovarian cancer who underwent surgical resection in Fufeng County People's Hospital between March 2014 and July 2017 were selected as the research subjects, and the ovarian cancer tissue and adjacent tissue were collected after surgical resection to determine the expression of LSD1, NDRG1, migration genes and invasion genes. Results: LSD1, YKL40, COX2, Twist, IFITM1, CatL, CTHRC1, MMP2 and FUNDC1 mRNA expression in ovarian cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue whereas NDRG1, E-cadherin and Wnt5a mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in adjacent tissue;YKL40, COX2, Twist, IFITM1, CatL, CTHRC1, MMP2 and FUNDC1 mRNA expression in ovarian cancer tissue with high LSD1 expression were significantly higher than those in ovarian tissue with low LSD1 expression whereas E-cadherin and Wnt5a gene mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in ovarian tissue with low LSD1 expression. Conclusion: The high LSD1 expression and low NDRG1 expression in ovarian cancer tissue can promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells.

Correlation of LSD1 and PARP1 with cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer tissue from ultrasound-guided puncture

Objective: To study the correlation of LSD1 and PARP1 with cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer tissue from ultrasound-guided puncture. Methods:The ovarian cancer and ovarian benign lesion tissue from ultrasound-guided puncture in Pangang Group General Hospital in Panzhihua between May 2014 and March 2017 were collected to detect the mRNA expression of LSD1 and PARP1 as well as the protein levels of cell proliferation molecules and epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules in them. Results: LSD1 and PARP1 mRNA expression in ovarian cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tissue;P21, P27 and E-cadherin protein levels in ovarian cancer tissue were significantly lower than those in benign ovarian tissue while CyclinD1, E2F, Twist1, Snail, Slug and N-cadherin protein levels were significantly higher those in benign ovarian tissue;P21 and P27 protein levels in the ovarian cancer tissue with high LSD1 expression were significantly lower than those in the ovarian cancer tissue with low LSD1 expression while CyclinD1 and E2F protein levels were significantly higher than those in the ovarian cancer tissue with low LSD1 expression;Twist1, Snail, Slug and N-cadherin protein levels in the ovarian cancer tissue with high PARP1 expression were significantly higher than those in the ovarian cancer tissue with low PARP1 expression while E-cadherin protein level was significantly lower than that in the ovarian cancer tissue with low PARP1 expression. Conclusion: The LSD1 and PARP1 highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissue can promote the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells.

新型α-萘巯基氨基酸乙酯类LSD1抑制剂的构建、活性评价与分子模拟研究

目的设计合成结构新颖的萘巯基氨基酸乙酯类组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)抑制剂,评价其LSD1抑制活性与选择性,并通过分子对接和动力学模拟探讨结合机制。方法基于先导化合物3a与LSD1蛋白的结合模式,在化合物结构中固定平面疏水性的萘环,同时引入具有亲水性的氨基片段,采用三组份一锅法构建α-萘巯基氨基酸乙酯小分子化合物。采用课题组自主构建的LSD1筛选平台测试化合物在5.0,1.0μmol·L^(-1)浓度下对LSD1的抑制率,测试活性最好的化合物的IC_(50)值及对MAO-A和MAO-B的抑制活性,并通过分子对接和动力学模拟研究其结合机制。结果共合成13个目标化合物,均对LSD1有很好的抑制作用,其中有9个化合物在1.0μmol·L^(-1)浓度下对LSD1抑制率>50.0%,且化合物3l活性最佳,IC_(50)值为0.17μmol·L^(-1),是阳性对照的174倍,对MAO-A和MAO-B有很好的选择性。分子对接和动力学模拟表明化合物3l通过多重作用与LSD1结合来抑制其活性。结论α-萘巯基氨基酸乙酯类结构可作为先导化合物或活性片段,为基于结构的药物设计进行后续LSD1抑制剂的设计打下良好基础。

S期激酶相关蛋白2和赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶1双靶抑制剂的虚拟筛选

目的筛选S期激酶相关蛋白2(skp2)和赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶1(LSD1)双靶点抑制剂。方法采用计算机辅助药物设计,经过分子对接、虚拟筛选以及定量构效关系(QSAR)模型预测,从小分子数据库中筛选对两个靶点活性较好的化合物。结果与结论得到了6个对接打分较好的化合物。QSAR模型显示其对skp2和LSD1均有较理想的抑制效果,为后续skp2/LSD1双靶点抑制剂的开发提供了思路。

Natural products as LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy

Natural products generally fall into the biologically relevant chemical space and always possess novel biological activities, thus making them a rich source of lead compounds for new drug discovery. With the recent technological advances, natural product-based drug discovery is now reaching a new era. Natural products have also shown promise in epigenetic drug discovery, some of them have advanced into clinical trials or are presently being used in clinic. The histone lysine specific demethylase1(LSD1), an important class of histone demethylases, has fundamental roles in the development of various pathological conditions. Targeting LSD1 has been recognized as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Notably, some natural products with different chemotypes including protoberberine alkaloids, flavones, polyphenols, and cyclic peptides have shown effectiveness against LSD1. These natural products provide novel scaffolds for developing new LSD1 inhibitors. In this review, we mainly discuss the identification of natural LSD1 inhibitors, analysis of the co-crystal structures of LSD1/natural product complex, antitumor activity and their modes of action. We also briefly discuss the challenges faced in this field. We believe this review will provide a landscape of natural LSD1 inhibitors.

JIB-04通过调控细胞周期蛋白抑制结肠癌细胞增殖

已有报道显示,组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂JIB-04(Jumonji histone demethylase inihibitor,JIB-04)抑制肿瘤的发生发展,但其具体作用机制仍不清楚。本研究以结肠癌细胞HCT116和HT29为对象,探讨组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂JIB-04对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响,并阐述其作用机制。MTT和平板克隆形成实验显示,JIB-04以浓度和时间依赖的方式降低HCT116和HT29细胞的增殖能力,半数抑制浓度分别为661.7 nmol/L及226.1 nmol/L,细胞克隆数也明显减少。qRT-PCR和Western印迹结果证明,与未经JIB-04处理的HCT116和HT29细胞比较,细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)、细胞周期蛋白E1(cyclinE1)的mRNA水平和CDK4、CDK6及细胞周期蛋白D1的蛋白质水平有不同程度的降低,同时CDK抑制剂p21的蛋白质水平分别上调约1.99倍和2.37倍。检测凋亡相关因子发现,在HCT116和HT29细胞中,p53、胱天蛋白酶3、胱天蛋白酶9、Bax、JNK及PUMA的mRNA及蛋白质水平均降低。机制研究显示,JIB-04使组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(LSD1)的mRNA水平分别下调约56.8%和75.5%,其蛋白质水平下调约27.12%和15.32%。本研究结果表明,JIB-04可改变组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶LSD1的活性,调控细胞周期蛋白及相关因子在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达,同时诱导凋亡蛋白质发生改变,从而抑制结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡。

新型哌嗪并[2,1-a]异喹啉类化合物合成及抗真菌活性的研究

设计、合成了36个新型哌嗪并[2,1-a]异喹啉类化合物,并测试了其体外抗真菌活性.结果表明所有化合物对5种临床致病真菌都有抗真菌活性.其中化合物5h,5j～5l,6g～6k和6l对除白念菌外的4种测试菌的抗真菌活性强于或相当于对照药氟康唑;特别是大多数目标化合物对于氟康唑无效的薰烟曲霉菌显示出较好抗真菌活性.对接研究显示所设计的目标化合物与靶酶活性腔中氨基酸功能残基结合.结果表明新型哌嗪并[2,1-a]异喹啉类化合物是一类全新结构类型的抗真菌化合物,为抗真菌药物研究提供了新的结构类型.

赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1抑制剂与肿瘤治疗的研究进展

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1（LSD1）是一种黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸依赖的去甲基酶，能特异性催化组蛋白H3第4位赖氨酸和组蛋白H3第9位赖氨酸的脱一甲基、二甲基反应（H3K4me、H3K4me2、H3K9me、H3K9me2），调控靶基因的表达。研究证实，LSD1在多种恶性肿瘤组织中高表达，与肿瘤的发生、增殖、侵袭转移过程密切相关。LSDl及其抑制剂已经成为近年来的研究热点，本文就目前LSDl抑制剂与肿瘤治疗的研究成果作一综述。

组蛋白去甲基化酶LSD1抑制剂临床研究进展

赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(lysine-specific demethylase 1,LSD1)在细胞干性、分化、细胞运动、代谢控制和上皮-间充质转化等过程中发挥着重要作用,与肿瘤的增殖、侵袭转移和不良预后等过程密切相关,同时也是其他疾病如神经退行性疾病和病毒感染等的潜在治疗靶标。自2013年开始,不可逆抑制剂tranylcypromine、ORY-1001、ORY-2001、GSK-2879552、IMG-7289、INCB059872、TAK-418、LH-1802及可逆抑制剂CC-90011和SP-2577先后获批开展临床试验。本综述全面阐述了LSD1候选药物的临床研究现状,并对LSD1靶向药物研发的前景、存在的机遇与挑战进行了概述,旨在为相关药物研发提供参考。

去甲基化酶LSD1调控自噬的研究进展

自噬是受到精密调控的细胞自我更新过程,表观遗传调控是自噬的重要调控机制。作为常见的表观遗传调控酶,赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(lysine-specific demethylase 1,LSD1)是生物治疗的靶点与研究热点。LSD1在转录水平与翻译后修饰水平对自噬相关分子的调控,在炎症转归、肿瘤进展、细胞存亡等生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。因此,综述LSD1调控自噬的机制对于探索疾病治疗的新靶点并丰富疾病的治疗方案具有重要参考意义。

赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶1反苯环丙胺类不可逆抑制剂的研究进展

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶1(LSD1)在调节组蛋白H3K4、H3K9的甲基化状态中起重要作用,在多种肿瘤细胞中高表达,已成为一种新型抗肿瘤靶点。目前为止,已报道的LSD1抑制剂中对反苯环丙胺(TCP)类抑制剂的研究相对更为深入。综述TCP类抑制剂的作用机制、与辅酶黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)结合模式及设计优化的研究进展。