N^6-methyladenosine(m^6 A) is an essential RNA modification that regulates key cellular processes, including stem cell renewal,cellular differentiation, and response to DNA damage. Unsurprisingly, aberrant m^6 A methy...N^6-methyladenosine(m^6 A) is an essential RNA modification that regulates key cellular processes, including stem cell renewal,cellular differentiation, and response to DNA damage. Unsurprisingly, aberrant m^6 A methylation has been implicated in the development and maintenance of diverse human cancers. Altered m^6 A levels affect RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and translation of mRNAs into proteins, thereby disrupting gene expression regulation and promoting tumorigenesis. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of m^6 A regulatory enzymes affects m^6 A abundance and consequently dysregulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, including MYC, SOCS2, ADAM19, and PTEN. In this review, we discuss the specific roles of m^6 A missing space "writers", "erasers", and "readers" in normal physiology and how their altered expression promotes tumorigenesis. We also describe the potential of exploiting the aberrant expression of these enzymes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapies.展开更多
目的:探讨RNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰在脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗中的作用及机制。方法:收集2型糖尿病患者术中赘余皮下脂肪组织,以非2型糖尿病患者同样组织为对照,检测组间RNA m^(6)A水平。高脂饮食诱导C57BL/6J小鼠构建胰岛素抵抗(in⁃sulin resis...目的:探讨RNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰在脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗中的作用及机制。方法:收集2型糖尿病患者术中赘余皮下脂肪组织,以非2型糖尿病患者同样组织为对照,检测组间RNA m^(6)A水平。高脂饮食诱导C57BL/6J小鼠构建胰岛素抵抗(in⁃sulin resistance,IR)模型(HFD组,n=5,60%高脂饲料喂养16周),对照组10%低脂饲料喂养16周(CD组,n=5)。模型构建成功后,取附睾周围脂肪组织行表观转录组学m^(6)A甲基化修饰芯片检测,并借助MeRIP-qPCR实验、RT-qPCR以及RNA结合蛋白免疫沉淀测定(RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Assay,RIP)实验验证胰岛素信号转导相关基因变化;进一步观察METTL3小分子抑制剂STM2457对高脂饮食诱导下小鼠胰岛素信号转导基因的影响。结果:2型糖尿病患者和小鼠IR模型脂肪组织中总体m^(6)A修饰水平均升高(患者200 ng RNA t=-8.375,P<0.001;患者100 ng RNA t=-3.722,P=0.006;患者50 ng RNA t=-4.937;P=0.001;小鼠100 ng RNA t=-3.590,P=0.023;小鼠50 ng RNA t=-2.760,P=0.025)。表观转录组学检测证实IR的脂肪组织中1175个基因发生高m^(6)A修饰,55个基因发生低m^(6)A修饰,同时有182个基因呈现高m^(6)A修饰且低表达,包括AKT2、INSR、PIK3R1、ACACA、SREBF1等5个胰岛素信号转导关键基因,其中AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1等4个基因被确证并证实其与METTL3存在直接结合,其m^(6)A修饰水平受METTL3正向调控。STM2457作用下,胰岛素敏感性提高,且AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1转录水平上调,提示IR表型改善明显。结论:高脂饮食通过METTL3诱导脂肪细胞胰岛素信号转导基因AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1发生m^(6)A高甲基化修饰,诱导其低表达,阻滞胰岛素信号转导,进而参与诱发IR。展开更多
基金Justin Jong-Leong Wong holds a Fellowship from the Cancer Institute of NSW and receives funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Grant No 1128175, 1129901 and 1126306)
文摘N^6-methyladenosine(m^6 A) is an essential RNA modification that regulates key cellular processes, including stem cell renewal,cellular differentiation, and response to DNA damage. Unsurprisingly, aberrant m^6 A methylation has been implicated in the development and maintenance of diverse human cancers. Altered m^6 A levels affect RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and translation of mRNAs into proteins, thereby disrupting gene expression regulation and promoting tumorigenesis. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of m^6 A regulatory enzymes affects m^6 A abundance and consequently dysregulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, including MYC, SOCS2, ADAM19, and PTEN. In this review, we discuss the specific roles of m^6 A missing space "writers", "erasers", and "readers" in normal physiology and how their altered expression promotes tumorigenesis. We also describe the potential of exploiting the aberrant expression of these enzymes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapies.
文摘目的:探讨RNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰在脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗中的作用及机制。方法:收集2型糖尿病患者术中赘余皮下脂肪组织,以非2型糖尿病患者同样组织为对照,检测组间RNA m^(6)A水平。高脂饮食诱导C57BL/6J小鼠构建胰岛素抵抗(in⁃sulin resistance,IR)模型(HFD组,n=5,60%高脂饲料喂养16周),对照组10%低脂饲料喂养16周(CD组,n=5)。模型构建成功后,取附睾周围脂肪组织行表观转录组学m^(6)A甲基化修饰芯片检测,并借助MeRIP-qPCR实验、RT-qPCR以及RNA结合蛋白免疫沉淀测定(RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Assay,RIP)实验验证胰岛素信号转导相关基因变化;进一步观察METTL3小分子抑制剂STM2457对高脂饮食诱导下小鼠胰岛素信号转导基因的影响。结果:2型糖尿病患者和小鼠IR模型脂肪组织中总体m^(6)A修饰水平均升高(患者200 ng RNA t=-8.375,P<0.001;患者100 ng RNA t=-3.722,P=0.006;患者50 ng RNA t=-4.937;P=0.001;小鼠100 ng RNA t=-3.590,P=0.023;小鼠50 ng RNA t=-2.760,P=0.025)。表观转录组学检测证实IR的脂肪组织中1175个基因发生高m^(6)A修饰,55个基因发生低m^(6)A修饰,同时有182个基因呈现高m^(6)A修饰且低表达,包括AKT2、INSR、PIK3R1、ACACA、SREBF1等5个胰岛素信号转导关键基因,其中AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1等4个基因被确证并证实其与METTL3存在直接结合,其m^(6)A修饰水平受METTL3正向调控。STM2457作用下,胰岛素敏感性提高,且AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1转录水平上调,提示IR表型改善明显。结论:高脂饮食通过METTL3诱导脂肪细胞胰岛素信号转导基因AKT2、INSR、ACACA、SREBF1发生m^(6)A高甲基化修饰,诱导其低表达,阻滞胰岛素信号转导,进而参与诱发IR。