The clinical significance of detection of specific CK-20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinoma

Objective To determine the diagnostic significance of detecting the specific epithelial keratin CK-20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Methods Reverse transcription coupled with two-step polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was used to detect CK-20 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood from patients with blodder carcinomas. Results Detection of CK-20 mRNA expression was positive in 37 of 91 patients with bladder carcinoma (41 % ). Among 20 patients with distant metastasis, 17 were positive (85 % ). CK-20 mRNA was not detectable in the blood samples from 25 normal individuals. The frequency of positive CK-20 mRNA expression was signficantly higher in those with distant metastasis. Conclusion The presence of CK-20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be used as an early indicator of hematogenous metastasis of bladder carcinoma cells. 6 refs,1 tab.

SmartFlare^(TM) is a reliable method for assessing mRNA expression in single neural stem cells

BACKGROUND One of the most challenging tasks of modern biology concerns the real-time tracking and quantification of mRNA expression in living cells.On this matter,a novel platform called SmartFlare^(TM) has taken advantage of fluorophore-linked nanoconstructs for targeting RNA transcripts.Although fluorescence emission does not account for the spatial mRNA distribution,NanoFlare technology has grown a range of theranostic applications starting from detecting biomarkers related to diseases,such as cancer,neurodegenerative pathologies or embryonic developmental disorders.AIM To investigate the potential of SmartFlare^(TM) in determining time-dependent mRNA expression of prominin 1(CD133)and octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT4)in single living cells through differentiation.METHODS Brain fragments from the striatum of aborted human fetuses aged 8 wk postconception were processed to obtain neurospheres.For the in vitro differentiation,neurospheres were gently dissociated with Accutase solution.Single cells were resuspended in a basic medium enriched with fetal bovine serum,plated on poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips,and grown in a lapse of time from 1 to 4 wk.Live cell mRNA detection was performed using SmartFlare^(TM) probes(CD133,Oct4,Actin,and Scramble).All the samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 h.For nuclear staining,Hoechst 33342 was added.SmartFlare^(TM) CD133-and OCT4-specific fluorescence signal was assessed using a semiquantitative visual approach,taking into account the fluorescence intensity and the number of labeled cells.RESULTS In agreement with previous PCR experiments,a unique expression trend was observed for CD133 and OCT4 genes until 7 d in vitro(DIV).Fluorescence resulted in a mixture of diffuse cytoplasmic and spotted-like pattern,also detectable in the contacting neural branches.From 15 to 30 DIV,only few cells showed a scattered fluorescent pattern,in line with the differentiation progression and coherent with mRNA downregulation of these stemness-related genes.CONCLUSION SmartFlare^(TM) appears to be a reliable,easy-to-handle tool for investigating CD133 and OCT4 expression in a neural stem cell model,preserving cell biological properties in anticipation of downstream experiments.