Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related t...Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
The mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） has drawn growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis much attention recently because of its essential role in cell Great endeavors have been made to elucidate ...The mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） has drawn growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis much attention recently because of its essential role in cell Great endeavors have been made to elucidate the functions and regulation of mTOR in the past decade. The current prevailing view is that mTOR regulates many fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth and survival, by integrating both intracellular and extracellular signals, including growth factors, nutrients, energy levels, and cellular stress. The significance of roTOR has been highlighted most recently by the identification of mTOR-associated proteins. Amazingly, when bound to different proteins, mTOR forms distinctive complexes with very different physiological functions. These findings not only expand the roles that mTOR plays in cells but also further complicate the regulation network. Thus, it is now even more critical that we precisely understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in order to directly guide the development and usage of anti-cancer drugs targeting the mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we will discuss different mTOR-associated proteins, the regulation of mTOR complexes, and the consequences of mTOR dysregulation under pathophysiological conditions.展开更多
目的:探讨抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路在高体积分数氧(高氧)致SD幼鼠肺损伤时对磷酸化AKT1(p-AKT1)分子的影响和意义。方法:72只SD幼鼠(3周龄)随机分为空气+生理盐水组、高氧+生理盐水组...目的:探讨抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路在高体积分数氧(高氧)致SD幼鼠肺损伤时对磷酸化AKT1(p-AKT1)分子的影响和意义。方法:72只SD幼鼠(3周龄)随机分为空气+生理盐水组、高氧+生理盐水组、高氧+OSI-027组及高氧+雷帕霉素组(n=18),分别构建动物模型。高氧选择90%氧气持续干预,生理盐水、OSI-027和雷帕霉素干预分别在观察期第1、3、6、8、10和13天时经腹腔注射给药。在造模第3、7和14天时取各组幼鼠进行体重测量、肺湿干重比(wet/drg weight ratio,W/D)计算、肺组织病理学检查、肺泡间隔宽度测定和肺损伤评分,肺组织免疫组化和Western blot检测磷酸化S6K1(p-S6K1)和p-AKT1的分布与水平。结果:与空气组比较,高氧组幼鼠体重明显下降(P<0.05),肺损伤急性期肺W/D增高(P<0.05),肺泡间隔宽度及肺损伤评分明显增加(P<0.05),肺组织p-S6K1阳性细胞增多(P<0.05),肺组织p-AKT1阳性细胞减少(P<0.05),p-S6K1蛋白显著升高(P<0.01),p-AKT1蛋白明显减低(P<0.01);与高氧组比较,高氧+OSI-027组的肺组织损伤减轻,肺组织p-S6K1阳性细胞减少(P<0.05),p-AKT1阳性细胞增多(P<0.05),p-S6K1蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05),p-AKT1蛋白水平增加(P<0.05);高氧+雷帕霉素组的肺损伤进一步加重(P<0.05),p-S6K1阳性细胞减少(P<0.05),p-AKT1阳性细胞增加(P<0.05),p-S6K1蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05),p-AKT1蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05)。与高氧+雷帕霉素组比较,高氧+OSI-027组的肺组织损伤减轻(P<0.05),肺组织p-AKT1阳性细胞减少(P<0.05),p-AKT1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。结论:p-AKT1参与了高氧肺损伤的发生发展,其调控机制可能与抑制mTOR信号通路的活化有关。高氧肺损伤时,p-AKT1蛋白水平下降,mTOR抑制剂能增加p-AKT1蛋白水平,但只有mTORC1/2双重抑制剂OSI-027能减轻高氧所致SD幼鼠的肺损伤及纤维化。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971097(to JY)。
文摘Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
文摘The mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） has drawn growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis much attention recently because of its essential role in cell Great endeavors have been made to elucidate the functions and regulation of mTOR in the past decade. The current prevailing view is that mTOR regulates many fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth and survival, by integrating both intracellular and extracellular signals, including growth factors, nutrients, energy levels, and cellular stress. The significance of roTOR has been highlighted most recently by the identification of mTOR-associated proteins. Amazingly, when bound to different proteins, mTOR forms distinctive complexes with very different physiological functions. These findings not only expand the roles that mTOR plays in cells but also further complicate the regulation network. Thus, it is now even more critical that we precisely understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in order to directly guide the development and usage of anti-cancer drugs targeting the mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we will discuss different mTOR-associated proteins, the regulation of mTOR complexes, and the consequences of mTOR dysregulation under pathophysiological conditions.
