Effect of Lepidium meyenii(maca)roots on spermatogenesis of male rats

Aim:To determine the effect of oral administration of an aqueous extract from the roots of Lepidium meyenii(maca)on spermatogenesis in adult male rats.Methods;Male rats received an aqueous extract of the root(66.7 mg in onemL)twice a day for 14 consecutive days.Results:Treatment with Lepidium meyenii resulted in an increase in theweights of testis and epididymis but not the seminal vesicle weight.The length and frequency of stages IX-XIV seminif-erous tubules,where mitosis occurred,were increased and stages I-VI were reduced in rats treated with Lepidiummeyenii.Conclusion;The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initialstages(IX-XIV).

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men

Aim:The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidiwnmeyenii(Maca)on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old.Methods:Nine men receivedtablets of Maca(1500 or 3000 mg/day)for 4 months.Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of theWorld Health Organization(WHO).Serum luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),prolactin(PRL),testosterone(T)and estradiol(E_(2))were measured before and after treatment.Results;Treatment withMaca resulted in increased seminal volume,sperm count per ejaculum,motile sperm count,and sperm motility.Serumhormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment.Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca.Conclusion:Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH,FSH,PRL,Tand E_(2).

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) reduces spermatogenic damage induced by a single dose of malathion in mice

Aim: To observe the effect of the aqueous extract of hypocotyls of the plant Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on spermato-genic damage induced by the organophosphate insecticide malathion in mice. Methods: Mice were treated with 80 mg kg^(-1) of malathion in the presence or absence of an aqueous extract of Maca, which was orally administered 7, 14 or 21 days after injection of the malathion. Stages of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by transillumination on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Results: The administration of Maca increased significantly the length of stage 鈪?on days 7, 14 and 21 of treatment compared with the controls. An increase in the length of stage 鈪?occurred on day 14 of treatment. Malathion affected spermatogenesis by reducing the lengths of stage 鈪?on day 7, stages 鈪?and 鈪?鈪?on day 14 and a recovery of stages 鈪?鈪?on day 21. The magnitude of alteration in the length of stage 鈪?produced by malathion was significantly reduced by Maca on days 7 and 14. The length of stage 鈪?was increased when Maca was administered to mice treated with malathion. Assessment of the relative length of stages of the seminiferous epithelium showed that Maca treatment resulted in rapid recovery of the effect of malathion. Conclusion: Maca enhances spermatogenesis following spermatogenic damage caused by the organophosphorous pesticide.

Progress on the Chemical Constituents Derived from Glucosinolates in Maca(Lepidium meyenii)

Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.),a famous food supplement,has drawn an unprecedented international interest over the last two decades.It was assumed that glucosinolates,macamides,macaenes,and alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Maca before.Recently,a series of novel thiohydantoins which generally exhibit a variety of activities have been isolated from Maca.This review focuses on the progress on the main bioactive components of Maca and their biosynthetic pathway,which indicates that macamides,thiohydantoins,and some alkaloids may originate from glucosinolates.Interestingly,thiohydantoins from Maca are the first type of thiohydantoin derivatives to be found from a natural source and may contribute to some significant effects of Maca.

Qualitative Identification and Semi-Quantitative Comparison of Sucrose in Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) by Infrared Spectrum Analysis

Objective: In order to establish a method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in Macas by infrared spectral analysis. Methods: Six Maca samples with three color types and from two producing areas in Yunnan province (China) were collected. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of raw Maca, ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc-E), alcohol extracts (EtOH-E) and extracted residues were recorded selectively. Comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies were used to explore the FTIR analytical method for sucrose in Maca. Results: Sucrose was proved to be a component in the Lijiang purple Maca (LPM) sample by comparative analysis of FTIR and second derivative in-frared spectroscopy (SDIR) with sucrose as a reference substance. Relative higher content of sucrose might be responsible for the distinctive absorption character of FTIR from LPM. With the aid of comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies, conclusions could be drawn that all of the six Maca samples in this research contained some sucrose more or less. Furthermore, relative content of sucrose in the LM was higher than those in HM in general. Conclusion: An infrared spectrum analysis method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in different Maca samples was developed. Compared with other analytical methods, the developed method shows unparalleled charm for its inherent merits of convenient, fast, low cost, visual, efficient et al.

玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究

本文对南美药食两用植物玛咖(LepidiummeyeniiWalp.)干粉的营养成分进行了分析,其中蛋白质含量达到8.87%,并发现含有大量的支链氨基酸和一定量的牛磺酸、矿物质锌等多种具有抗疲劳作用的营养成分,且通过动物试验证明了玛咖干粉具有显著抗疲劳功效。

Effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia

Aim： To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods： Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate （TE）. The study comprised six groups： one control group （group 1）, one group treated with TE （group 2）, two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca （groups 3 and 4）, one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca （group 5） and one group treated with finasteride （0.1 mg, group 6）. Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a doseresponse effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates （0.02-0.08 mg） in red maca extracts was assessed. Results： Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. Conclusion： The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.

Identification of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and its adulterants by a DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence

Maca(Lepidium meyenii) is an herbaceous plant that grows in high plateaus and has been used as both food and folk medicine for centuries because of its benefits to human health. In the present study, ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences of forty-three maca samples, collected from different regions or vendors, were amplified and analyzed. The ITS sequences of nineteen potential adulterants of maca were also collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the ITS sequence of maca was consistent in all samples and unique when compared with its adulterants. Therefore, this DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence can be used for the molecular identification of maca and its adulterants.

云南栽培玛咖的营养成分分析与评价

对云南栽培的玛咖营养成分进行了分析,并与文献报道的秘鲁产玛咖进行了比较。结果表明:云南栽培玛咖含有16.7×104mg.kg-1的蛋白质、21.5×104mg.kg-1粗纤维、9.30%氨基酸、多种无机元素、多种维生素等营养成分,脂肪含量低;所含营养成分的种类与秘鲁产玛咖类似,其中对人体有益的蛋白质、粗纤维、钙、铁、锌、VC等成分的含量较高,表明云南栽培玛咖的营养丰富,具有开发利用价值。

云南种植玛咖乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性分析

采用铁离子还原能力(FRAP)、Fenton反应体系、DPPH法及邻苯三酚自氧化体系评价种植于云南的玛咖乙醇提取物体外抗氧化能力。结果表明:在云南种植的3种颜色玛咖乙醇提取物均表现出抗氧化活性,且呈现一定的量效关系,但在4种抗氧化体系中的结果有所不同;紫色玛咖的总还原能力最强,黄色次之,白色最弱,3200m海拔地区种植的玛咖高于其他相对低海拔地区的玛咖;紫色和黄色玛咖的清除DPPH自由基能力高于白色,3200m海拔地区种植的玛咖高于其他相对低海拔地区的玛咖;3种颜色玛咖对羟自由基的清除能力明显,各样品的清除率在加入量为200μL时均达到90%以上,3000m海拔地区种植的黄色玛咖最强;3种颜色玛咖对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力在实验范围内均较弱。

云南玛卡营养成分分析

为探明从国外引进种植的玛卡的营养成分,采用国标方法对云南玛卡进行分析。结果表明:云南玛卡干样中含蛋白质12.31%、粗纤维32.57%、脂肪0.92%、VC314.97mg/kg、钙1818mg/kg、铁81.2mg/kg、锌23.8mg/kg、钾18.7mg/kg、磷1895mg/kg等多种营养成分,脂肪酸中含有38.64%亚油酸、26.46%亚麻酸、17.73%棕榈酸,同时富含14.04%氨基酸。玛卡营养成分丰富,可以进一步开发利用。

云南栽培3种颜色玛咖中总生物碱含量分析

建立云南栽培玛咖的总生物碱含量的分析方法,分析评价3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量。分别采用酸性染料比色法和酸碱滴定法对云南栽培的3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量进行测定。结果表明:酸性染料比色法灵敏度高,相对标准偏差较小,是玛咖总生物碱含量测定的适宜方法;紫色、白色和黄色3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量分别为4.4078、2.9193、2.2241mg/g,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);其中紫色玛咖的总生物碱含量最高,并与相关文献测定的来源于秘鲁的玛咖干粉的总生物碱含量相近。

三种色型玛咖芥子油苷组分及含量分析

【目的】分析和评价云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中芥子油苷的组成及含量,为其功能及活性物质基础的进一步研究提供理论依据和技术手段。【方法】以紫色、黄色和白色等3种色型玛咖块根的鲜样、真空干燥样品和自然干燥样品为原料,采用甲醇提取液,应用HPLC及LC-ESI/MS技术分别对原料中的芥子油苷组分及含量进行分析。【结果】3种色型玛咖中均含有两种芳香族芥子油苷:苄基芥子油苷(benzyl glucosinolate)和甲氧基芐基芥子油苷(methoxybenzyl glucosinolate),样品中苄基芥子油苷含量均明显高于甲氧基苄基芥子油苷。紫色、黄色和白色玛咖鲜样中的总芥子油苷含量分别为50.14、46.35、84.57μmol.g-1,自然干燥样品的总含量分别为13.05、14.35、14.94μmol.g-1,而真空干燥样品含量分别只有0.24、0.05、0.29μmol.g-1。【结论】云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中的芥子油苷组分相同,与文献报导的秘鲁产原料的芥子油苷组分基本一致。3种原料鲜样中的各组分芥子油苷含量及总含量均存在显著差异(P<0.01),其中白色玛咖的芥子油苷含量较高,3种色型样品均明显高于文献报导的秘鲁产原料。干燥样品的含量显著低于鲜样(P<0.01),粉碎干燥加工使玛咖中的芥子油苷发生了严重水解。

玛咖和西洋参皂苷合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:90只小鼠进行刀豆素A(ConA)诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验和NK细胞活性测定;另90只小鼠进行小鼠半数溶血值(HC50)测定和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验。实验设6组:合用物低、中、高剂量(0.02,0.2和1 g.kg-1.d-1,玛咖根干粉和西洋参总皂苷粉按照质量比93∶7进行均匀混合)组、单一玛咖(0.93 g.kg-1.d-1)组、单一皂苷组(0.07 g.kg-1.d-1)和阴性对照(蒸馏水)组,每组15只。各组每日灌胃一次,每次20 mL.kg-1,连续30 d后测定各项指标。结果:与对照组比较,合用物组显著提高ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力,增加HC50值,增强小鼠巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,并显著增加NK细胞活性。其作用优于单一玛咖组和单一皂苷组。结论:玛咖干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用能增强小鼠的免疫功能。

玛咖醇提取物对小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的探讨玛咖醇提取物的抗衰老作用及其机制。方法采用自然衰老小鼠为模型,连续ig给予玛咖醇提取物60 d后,测定小鼠血清、肝脏、心脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(G SH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(M DA)的水平以及皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,免疫功能实验采用PHA刺激淋巴细胞转化及免疫器官指数的方法。结果玛咖醇提取物能显著提高老龄小鼠心脏和肝脏中G SH-Px活性及血清和肝脏中SOD活性,降低血清及肝脏中M DA水平,增加皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,提高PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化率。结论玛咖醇提取物可能通过改善自由基代谢、增强细胞免疫发挥其抗衰老作用。

玛咖的植物学及其药理作用研究概况

本文对南美安第斯山区重要的药用植物玛咖 (Maca)的分类学、植物学特征、化学成分、药理作用及开发应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述 ,为研究和开发利用玛咖提供了依据。

玛咖抗疲劳作用及活性组分研究

150只健康昆明小鼠随机分为3批(5组/批),分别用于负重游泳实验和生化指标的检测。5组动物依次分为阴性对照组(control group,CG)、阳性对照组(Yikang Capsule,YKC)、玛咖低、中、高剂量组(L-MACA,M-MACA,H-MACA)。阳性对照组给予益康胶囊(剂量0.30 g/(kg·d)),玛咖组分别灌胃给予MACA 0.03、0.30、1.00 g/(kg·d),持续30 d。测定各组小鼠负重游泳时间、比色法测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、血乳酸(LAC)、血红蛋白(Hgb)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肝糖原(LG)。比色法或HPLC法对玛咖中抗疲劳相关活性组分氨基酸、多糖、果糖和芥子油苷等进行定量检测。结果表明:玛咖含有丰富的氨基酸(158.10 mg/g)、总黄酮(20.83 mg/g)、多糖(37.16 mg/g)、果糖(31.27 mg/g)、总生物碱(4.22 mg/g)、芥子油苷(1.08 mg/g)等成分。抗疲劳动物试验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,MACA高、中、低剂量组均能显著延长健康小鼠负重游泳时间(P≤0.05);MACA低剂量组能显著降低血乳酸含量(P≤0.05);MACA中剂量组能显著降低血清尿素氮的含量,显著增加血红蛋白和肝糖原的含量P≤0.05);MACA高剂量组能显著增加血红蛋白和肝糖原的含量(P≤0.05)。玛咖富含抗疲劳相关的多种活性组分,对健康小鼠具有显著的抗疲劳功能,是开发抗疲劳功能食品的理想原料。

玛咖浸泡酒工艺研究

为填补天然保健植物玛咖用于酒类产品加工研究方面的空白,进行玛咖浸泡酒工艺条件研究。以乙醇体积分数、液固比、时间3个因素进行响应优化,并以总生物碱和芥子油苷为指标,研究玛咖浸泡酒的最佳工艺。结果表明:玛咖浸泡酒的最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数55%、液固比40:1(mL/g)、存放时间145d,此条件下产品的生物碱、芥子油苷响应指标理论值分别可达0.47%和0.15%。

超声波微波协同提取玛咖总生物碱

为研究玛咖中总生物碱的含量,本实验利用超声波微波协同提取玛咖总生物碱,并在单因素超声波功率、微波功率、处理时间、液料比等四个条件下进行优化,结果表明:超声波微波协同处理有助于玛咖总生物碱的提取,最佳提取条件为超声波功率300W、微波功率352W、超声波微波共同作用时间1.2min、液料比60∶1(mL/g),玛咖总生物碱含量可达0.69%,比传统方法索氏提取中玛咖总生物碱含量高8.7%。

云南玛咖中功能性成分的分析研究

研究云南栽培玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walpers)的功能性成分。采用经典的植物化学研究方法硅胶色谱柱法对云南玛咖进行分离纯化,通过红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱及色谱的相关数据及结合文献进行分析研究。从玛咖中分离鉴定了3个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、n-苄基十六烷酰胺(N-benzylhexadecanamide)、蔗糖(Sucrose);从玛咖提取物中分析确定含有5个玛咖酰胺、2个咪唑生物碱和2个芥子油苷化合物。