Composite Panels from the Combination of Rice Husk and Wood Chips with a Natural Resin Based on Tannins Reinforced with Sugar Cane Molasses Intended for Building Insulation: Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties

The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.

Effects of planting patterns on yield, quality, and defoliation in machine-harvested cotton

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-harvested cotton.In the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons,the Xinluzao 45(XLZ45)and Xinluzao 62(XLZ62)cultivars,which are primarily cultivated in northern Xinjiang,were used as study materials.Conventional wide-narrow row(WNR),wide and ultra-narrow row(UNR),wide-row spacing with high density(HWR),and wide-row spacing with low density(LWR)planting patterns were used to assess the effects of planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality.Compared with WNR,the seed cotton yields were significantly decreased by 2.06–5.48%for UNR and by 2.50–6.99%for LWR,respectively.The main cause of reduced yield was a reduction in bolls per unit area.The variation in HWR yield was–1.07–1.07%with reduced bolls per unit area and increased boll weight,thus demonstrating stable production.In terms of fiber quality indicators,the planting patterns only showed significant effects on the micronaire value,with wide-row spacing patterns showing an increase in the micronaire values.The defoliation and boll-opening results showed that the number of leaves and dried leaves in HWR was the lowest among the four planting patterns.Prior to the application of defoliating agent and before machine-harvesting,the numbers of leaves per individual plant in HWR were decreased by 14.45 and 25.00%on average,respectively,compared with WNR,while the number of leaves per unit area was decreased by 27.44 and 36.21%on average,respectively.The rates of boll-opening and defoliation in HWR were the highest.Specifically,the boll-opening rate before defoliation and machine-harvesting in HWR was 44.54 and 5.94%higher on average than in WNR,while the defoliation rate prior to machine-harvesting was 3.45%higher on average than in WNR.The numbers of ineffective defoliated leaves and leaf trash in HWR were the lowest,decreased by 33.40 and 32.43%,respectively,compared with WNR.In conclusion,the HWR planting pattern is associated with a high and stable yield,does not affect fiber quality,promotes early maturation,and can effectively decrease the amount of leaf trash in machine-picked seed cotton,and thus its use is able to improve the quality of machine-harvested cotton.

Effects of DPC on Agronomic Traits and Economic Characters of Machine-Harvested Cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China and Chemical Control Techniques

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of DPC chemical controlling technique on agronomic traits, yield and quality of machine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China, and clarify the reasonable control period and the application amount of DPC. [Method] The new machine-harvested cotton variety Hengmian HD008 was used as the test material, and 3 different DPC treatments were set. [Result] DPC significantly reduced plant height and branch length, reduced branch angle and leaf area, so the rational control can effectively shape the ideal plant type of machine-harvested cotton. DPC had significant effects on yield and yield components, and the proper amount of DPC could increase the number of bolls during hot days, the number bolls in autumn and the total number of bolls. It increased the boll weight and seed index, but decreased lint percentage decreased, and proper amount of DPC could increase the yield. DPC significantly increased the specific breaking strength of fibers, and proper control could improve the uniformity of fibers, but other indexes had no significant influence. [Conclusion] According to the requirements of machine harvest to the agronomic traits of cotton and the growth characteristics of cotton plant, chemical control could begin after floral bud emergence in cotton about every 10 d, and the spraying amount can be controlled according to the growth amount of the main stem. The daily growth amount of plant height should be controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm, and the plant height should be within 75-90 cm.

Fiber damage of machine-harvested cotton before ginning and after lint cleaning

Machine harvesting increases the foreign matter content of seed cotton. Excessive cleaning causes fiber damage and economic loss. Most trading companies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China have indicated reluctance to use machine-harvested cotton. The first objective was to determine how the fiber quality was affected by the ginning and lint cleaning and how the fiber damage during levels of lint cleaning changed. The second objective was to determine the optimum number of lint cleaners for machine-harvested cotton based on fiber damage. Cotton samples were collected from 13 fields and processed in seven ginneries between 2013 and 2015. The results indicated that ginning and lint cleaning didn＇t have significant effect on fiber strength and significantly affected both fiber length and short fiber index. Fiber length was reduced by more than 1.00 mm from six of 13 fields after lint cleaning, then the damage rate on short fiber index from 11 of 13 fields was more than 20%. The third lint cleaning caused great fiber damage, reducing fiber length by 0.35 mm and increasing short fiber index by 0.65%. So, the lint should be cleaned by one lint cleaner in the Xinjiang, however, the stage of lint cleaning was sometimes omitted when the foreign matter content of lint was little.

Analysis of microRNA Expression Characteristics Related to Low Temperature Stress in Chewing Cane

[Objectives]To explore microRNA expression characteristics related to low temperature stress in chewing cane.[Methods]The research on miRNA under abiotic stress of sugarcane at home and abroad mainly focused on the types and regulation of miRNA under cold,heat,drought,high salt,and mechanical stress.However,there are few studies on miRNA under low temperature stress in chewing cane.The target genes of miR394 and miR825 in chewing cane were predicted and functionally analyzed by bioinformatics technology.[Results]The results showed that the target genes of miR394 and miR825 were mainly members of the WRKY transcription factor family,involved in plant growth,development and stress resistance.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analyzed the expression characteristics of target miRNA in different tissues of chewing cane at different periods of low temperature stress.[Conclusions]The results showed that the expression of chewing cane miR394 and miR408 had temporal and spatial specificity and tissue specificity,both of which could respond to low temperature stress with significant differential expression.

Candy cane syndrome:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Candy cane syndrome(CCS)is a condition that occurs following gastrectomy or gastric bypass.CCS remains underrecognized,yet its prevalence is likely to rise due to the obesity epidemic and increased use of bariatric surgery.No previous literature review on this subject has been published.AIM To collate the current knowledge on CCS.METHODS A literature search was conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar for studies from May 2007,until March 2023.The bibliographies of the retrieved articles were manually searched for additional relevant articles.RESULTS Twenty-one articles were identified(135 patients).Abdominal pain,nausea/vomiting,and reflux were the most reported symptoms.Upper gastrointestinal(GI)series and endoscopy were performed for diagnosis.Surgical resection of the blind limb was performed in 13 studies with resolution of symptoms in 73%-100%.In surgical series,9 complications were reported with no mortality.One study reported the surgical construction of a jejunal pouch with clinical success.Six studies described endoscopic approaches with 100%clinical success and no complications.In one case report,endoscopic dilation did not improve the patient’s symptoms.CONCLUSION CCS remains underrecognized due to lack of knowledge about this condition.The growth of the obesity epidemic worldwide and the increase in bariatric surgery are likely to increase its prevalence.CCS can be prevented if an elongated blind loop is avoided or if a jejunal pouch is constructed after total gastrectomy.Diagnosis should be based on symptoms,endoscopy,and upper GI series.Blind loop resection is curative but complex and associated with significant complications.Endoscopic management using different approaches to divert flow is effective and should be further explored.

甘蔗健康种苗双芽段槽带式种植机排种性能优化研究

甘蔗健康种苗种植技术是提高单产水平和品质、降低生产成本的有效措施之一,而目前国内甘蔗种植装备不成熟,直接限制了这一技术的推广和应用。为此,以有序排列的甘蔗健康种苗双芽段蔗种为研究对象,对团队研发的2CZD-2A型半自动双芽甘蔗种植机排种性能进行优化,设计了高频电磁振动自动喂入器与仿形排种同步驱动器。利用Solid Edge ST5三维软件建模进行仿真分析,建立试验台进行多因素正交组合试验,采集数据并利用SPSS进行处理建立回归方程,运用Design Expert绘制响应曲面,分析因素之间交互作用,利用MatLab进行参数优化,最终进行田间试验验证。研究结果表明:同步驱动机构增加了排种均匀度,当带轮转速为10r/s、振动幅度为18.5mm、行进速度为0.65m/s时,排种均匀度达到94.18%,与优化结果偏差小于5%,满足设计要求;高频振动与动力源振动无干涉,验证了振动器梳理方案的可行性,可为全自动种植机的研发提供参考。

中糖2号在国家第13轮甘蔗品种区试的综合评价

为研究甘蔗新品种中糖2号在全国各个蔗区的适应性,中糖2号参加了2018—2020年在全国5省区18个区试点开展全国甘蔗新品种第13轮联合区试1年新植2年宿根区域试验。结果表明,以全国18个区试点的数据结果统计,1年新植2年宿根平均蔗产量6734 kg/667 m^(2),比对照ROC22增产11.16%,14点次增产;平均含糖量957 kg/667 m^(2),比对照ROC22增产7.29%,12点次增产;11—12月平均甘蔗蔗糖分为13.67%,1—3月平均甘蔗蔗糖分为15.30%,全期平均甘蔗蔗糖分为14.52%,比ROC22低0.20个百分点。第1年新植蔗产量6598 kg/667 m^(2),平均含糖量900 kg/667 m^(2),全期平均甘蔗蔗糖分13.57%;第1年宿根平均蔗产量6693 kg/667 m^(2),比ROC22增产15.66%,平均含糖量1017 kg/667 m^(2),比ROC22增产13.25%,全期平均甘蔗蔗糖分15.28%;第2年宿根平均蔗产量6963 kg/667 m^(2),比ROC22增产26.53%,平均含糖量952 kg/667 m^(2),比对照ROC22增产17.10%,全期平均甘蔗蔗糖分为14.75%。平均甘蔗纤维分为11.80%,比对照ROC22高0.70个百分点。通过人工接种鉴定对黑穗病的抗性级别为1级,抗性反应型为高抗;对花叶病的抗性级别为2级,抗性反应型为高抗。中糖2号高抗黑穗病,适宜机械收获。

缅甸甘蔗(蔗糖)产业发展现状及与中国合作展望

【目的】为全方位了解缅甸甘蔗(蔗糖)产业发展现状,【方法】运用缅甸统计年鉴、联合国粮农组织数据库、世界毒品报告的甘蔗种植规模数据和东盟数据库、UN商品贸易数据库的贸易数据,基于生产集中度、区域比较优势指数和贸易竞争优势指数对缅甸甘蔗生产、贸易状况进行分析。【结果】生产方面,缅甸蔗区集中至缅甸北部,实皆省、掸邦、勃固省和曼德勒省是缅甸甘蔗生产前四的省份;缅甸甘蔗单产与中国平均、全球平均和全球最高单产均存在很大程度上的差距;掸邦、实皆省、内比都的甘蔗综合生产优势指数均为强绝对优势指数。贸易方面,蔗糖是缅甸甘蔗及其产品贸易的主要类型,且以进口贸易为主;缅甸甘蔗和蔗糖出口的第一目的地国家一直是中国,蔗糖的进口来源国家主要是泰国和印度;缅甸甘蔗和蔗糖对中国均具极强竞争优势。【结论】进一步加强中-缅甘蔗科技的合作研究和推广,在中-缅跨境地区进行产业化开发示范,加强扶持发展甘蔗替代种植项目。

考虑多工况的甘蔗收割机回转台轻量化研究

甘蔗收割机回转台在工作过程中承受过双侧凹坑、转向过坑等工况载荷及扭矩的作用,受力复杂,优化时需要多工况综合考虑。ESO多工况优化方法由于未考虑不同工况间的重要程度,不易获得全局最优解。因此提出一种多目标拓扑优化函数,采用带权重的线性加权法协调多个目标函数,构建多工况拓扑优化数学模型,运用层次分析法确定各工况的权重系数,基于inspire软件对回转台进行多目标拓扑优化,从而获得材料的最优分布。优化结果表明:优化后回转台结构最大应力与最大位移均有所下降且满足强度与刚度要求,实现了多目标同时优化。

双液压马达驱动的甘蔗根切器刀盘转速同步控制方法

为简化双刀盘甘蔗根切器的传动链,提高传动系统对时变载荷的适应性,该研究提出用双液压马达直接驱动双刀盘,并将电液比例负载敏感技术应用于根切器的传动方案,通过建模仿真和试验探究双刀盘同步精度的控制方法。建立根切器电液比例阀控马达闭环速度控制系统的传递函数,分析得到该系统的稳定裕度仅为16.5°,因此需要采用合适的控制算法提高系统的稳定性和控制精度。基于AMESim-MATLAB联合仿真,研究采用主从控制策略,主马达为PID控制,从马达分别采用PID、自适应模糊PID和滑模变结构控制算法时系统的稳定性和刀盘转速的控制精度。仿真结果为:不同控制算法下马达开启过程转速的动态调整时间分别为5.5、3.0、2.7 s,稳态阶段两个液压马达的速度差分别为20、8、5 r/min;最后搭建试验台,以实测载荷谱为负载输入,进行主从马达转速同步控制试验,得到PID、自适应模糊PID和滑模变结构控制系统启动阶段转速的动态调整时间分别为6.3、4.6、3.7 s,稳态阶段主从马达的转速差分别为47、23、13 r/min;仿真与试验结果均表明,基于滑模变结构算法的刀盘转速同步控制系统的各项指标均优于PID和自适应模糊PID控制。研究结果可为甘蔗收割机根切器传动与控制系统的优化设计提供理论参考。

甘蔗糖蜜促进类球红细菌辅酶Q_(10)的糖转化效率

考察了甘蔗糖蜜对类球红细菌发酵生产辅酶Q_(10)生物合成的影响,优化得到最佳的甘蔗糖蜜添加工艺,提升了糖转化率,大幅度降低了生产成本。不同碳源底物对辅酶Q_(10)产物合成有较大的影响,其中葡萄糖为最适碳源,利于类球红细菌菌体的生长和辅酶Q_(10)的合成。通过正交试验对辅酶Q_(10)发酵培养基进行了优化,当甘蔗糖蜜质量浓度为20 g/L、葡萄糖质量浓度为30 g/L、KH_2PO_4质量浓度为1 g/L时,对类球红细菌生长和辅酶Q_(10)合成均有利,且辅酶Q_(10)发酵效价达到了380.1 mg/L,糖转化率12.71 mg/g。在30 L发酵罐上进行发酵放大,结果辅酶Q_(10)产量最高达到3 311 mg/L,较对照组提高了15.4%,糖转化率提高了13.9%,这些发酵过程的生理参数进一步验证了甘蔗糖蜜有利于菌体代谢活力的维持以及辅酶Q_(10)的合成。

Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式研究进展

系统、全面地总结了国内外关于Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式的应用及分析研究,指出了模式的优点及存在的不足,并评析了模式改进工作,最后进行了讨论并展望未来的发展方向。

甘蔗渣灰对磷酸钾镁水泥性能与水化的影响

甘蔗渣灰(SCBA)是蔗糖生产过程中产生的废弃物。由于SCBA产量丰富且具有火山灰活性,已被逐渐应用于建筑材料。本工作研究了不同掺量及粒径的SCBA对磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)凝结时间、流动度、抗压强度、体积稳定性、质量损失、水化进程、水化产物和微观结构的影响。结果表明,由于SCBA的稀释效应延缓了MKPC的pH值上升,从而延缓了MKPC的早期水化,延长了其凝结时间,降低了其早期(24 h之前)强度。但随着中后期pH值的上升,SCBA发挥填充作用和成核效应,MKPC的水化产物生成量增多且SCBA中的元素会渗入K-鸟粪石晶体中或形成一些新的无定形磷酸铝、硅酸钾和钙质类的胶凝水化产物,致使结构更致密,从而提升了试件中长期的强度。MKPC的早期水化速率随着SCBA掺量的增加逐渐降低,早期水化产物K-鸟粪石的生成量减少,导致早期收缩减小;中后期50~100 nm与小于50 nm的连通孔的比例增加,加快了自由水的蒸发和迁移,使得质量损失和干燥收缩增大。小粒径SCBA的掺入量为20%时MKPC的综合性能较好。本研究为SCBA作为MKPC替代胶凝材料提供了理论基础,并进一步促进了农副产品在新型胶凝材料中的应用。

初始强迫风场对Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式预报能力的影响研究

结合观测的海表温度距平(SSTA)对925 hPa NCEP/NCAR再分析风应力距平(以下简称NCEP风应力距平)资料与FSU风应力距平资料进行了比较分析。对比分析了分别以NCEP、FSU风应力距平作为初始强迫风场时的Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式(简称ZC耦合模式)的预报能力。结果表明:1980、1990年代NCEP风应力距平较FSU风应力距平与观测SSTA匹配更为合理。NCEP风应力距平不仅较FSU风应力距平对ZC海洋模式初始化效果好,尤其在1990年代更为显著,而且在1980、1990年代以NCEP风应力距平替代FSU风应力距平作为ZC耦合模式的初始强迫风场,都提高了该耦合模式预报能力,尤其是可提前6～8个月成功地预报出1997/1998年El Ni?o事件。进一步分析表明,在1997/1998年El Ni?o事件前兆、爆发阶段,NCEP风应力距平驱动海洋模式产生的SSTA比FSU风应力距平驱动海洋模式产生的SSTA更接近观测SSTA的水平冷、暖分布特征,这为ZC耦合模式提供了更为合理的预报初始强迫场,从而有利于提高其预报能力。

“看不见”的真相——论《法西诺·卡讷》中“失明”的隐喻

在巴尔扎克的小说《法西诺·卡讷》中,失明作为疾病的一种,不仅是指医学意义上的视觉认知能力的丧失,同时具有深层的隐喻意义和象征色彩。首先,失明是一种灵魂的疾病,反映出人类在面对自身罪恶和欲望时的困境和探索;其次,失明象征着深刻而敏锐的内在洞察力,通过其他感官和直觉来认识事物、表达情感,抵达更真实的世界;再次,失明是作家理性认识与情感表达的工具,从“失明者”的独特视角来观察世界,作者揭示了个人欲望与社会互动之间的复杂关系,并通过不同的叙事方式传达深刻的情感与思考。

我国机收蔗含杂率检测技术研究现状

甘蔗作为我国主要的制糖原料,机械化收获是其生产的重要环节,但受农艺、农机、加工等多重因素影响,其收获环节的机械化水平远落后于其他主要农作物,严重制约我国糖业的发展。本文从影响机收蔗发展的一个重要因素——含杂率检测出发,论述了机收蔗含杂率检测技术发展状况,指出寻找可靠且高效的含杂率检测的迫切性,并对现行的机收蔗含杂率检测和存在的问题进行了分析,提出采用机器视觉、深度学习等技术进行机收蔗含杂率检测方法研究。

“蔗叶替换蔗渣”入炉燃烧情况研究报告

广西作为全国最大的糖料蔗生产基地,甘蔗叶是主要的农作物秸秆资源。直接露天焚烧会造成严重的环境污染,因此需要开发更有效的资源化利用方式。甘蔗渣作为甘蔗制糖的副产物,目前大部分被用作制糖企业锅炉的燃料,相比于用于制备高档环保餐具,其资源利用价值亦不高。一方面是富余的甘蔗叶,存在合理化使用的压力;另一方面是高价值的甘蔗渣,需要节省使用,而“蔗叶替换蔗渣”入炉燃烧恰好能同时解决这两个问题。因此,本文针对广西区内的糖厂锅炉进行深入调研,充分分析“蔗叶替换蔗渣”入炉燃烧面临的问题以及探讨其中的效益,并提出推动蔗叶入炉燃烧相关的建议,旨在为政府及制糖企业开发蔗叶资源化利用提供参考。

智能盲人导航手杖设计

主要基于STM32 F103系列单片,集成GPS模块、超声波测距模块和语音播报模块等功能模块,采用单元模块化的设计方法,设计了一款集电子罗盘、超声波避障、 GPS定位、电子围栏和跌倒警报等功能于一体的智能盲人导航手杖设备和与其搭配的手机软件APP,用于辅助盲人独立安全出行。通过理论分析和实验验证,该智能盲杖的造价低,可复制性强,具有很强的实用性、商业价值和现实意义。

叶面喷施蔗糖降低水稻幼苗镉含量机制

为降低镉(Cd)在水稻中的累积,本研究利用水培实验探讨了叶面喷施蔗糖调控水稻幼苗Cd吸收和转运的潜在机制。结果表明:连续喷施3次浓度为1.0 g·L^(-1)蔗糖后幼苗地上部和根部Cd含量分别显著降低26.7%和22.0%,丙酮酸含量分别显著增加11.8%、23.6%,α-酮戊二酸含量分别显著增加27.5%和35.3%,谷氨酸含量分别显著增加165.3%和40.3%,难溶态Cd分别显著增加63.7%和33.0%。幼苗根部与Cd吸收、转运相关的基因OsNRAMP1、OsNRAMP5、OsHMA2分别显著下调19.0%、78.8%、16.3%。此外,喷施蔗糖后水稻幼苗地上部SOD、CAT、POD活性分别显著提高66.9%、21.4%和23.6%。研究表明,喷施蔗糖促进了幼苗地上部和根部丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸的生物合成,增加了谷氨酸生物含量。谷氨酸与根部和茎叶中Cd螯合增加了幼苗中难溶态Cd含量,减少了Cd从根部向地上部转运,缓解了Cd胁迫。