Fast Dating of Yongzheng Copper Coins in Tsing Empire by SEM-EDS

Twenty Yongzheng copper coins were fast dating by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer with scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) according to official ingredient. The 20 coins were classified in two groups according to the results. Group 1 represents the coins minted before AD 1 728 and group 2 represents the coins minted after AD 1 728. At concentration range (0.00%–5.13%), the distribution of lead is not homogeneous in the coins, and the largest diameter of lead inclusion is less than 15 μm. The official fineness degrade is supported. Key words archaeometry - Yongzheng coins - dating - SEM-EDS CLC number O 69 - K 854.2 Foundation item: Supported by the Project of Instrument Upgraded of Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaBiography: Lei Jun-feng (1975-), male, Ph. D, research direction: numismatic archaeology and instrument analysis.

INAA OF SOME ANCIENT COINS FROM POST GUPTA PERIOD AND MUGHAL SALTANAT

Non-destructive analysis of some electrum coins from post Gupta period and of coins from different mints of Mughal emperors, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb, have been done by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) using 252Cf neutron source. The elemental content of these coins are determined by comparator method by measuring the activities of the radioisotopes formed after (n,r) reactions, at their corresponding photopeaks. It is found that identified electrum coins contain copper as a major component and hence can be termed as cupro-electrum coins. As regards the analysis of coins from different mints there is no much variation in silver content while copper content varies from mint to mint. Coins from both the emperors are found to contain considerable amount of gold.

Chemical and physical studies of metallic alloy-based old Indian coins with LIBS coupled with multivariate analysis

The present work aims to demonstrate the capabilities of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)coupled with a multivariate technique for rapid quantification and classification of old Indian coins made of various alloys.Thirteen old Indian coins in different years of circulation,(1922–1986)were selected for the study.The concentrations were determined by Calibration free LIBS(CF-LIBS)method.The concentration of cuprum(Cu)is negligible,and aluminum(Al)is maximum in the first five coins,and vice-versa in the remaining eight coins.Two different multivariate methods,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy(SIMCA)have been used to classify and identify the coins.PCA classified all thirteen samples into four main alloy categories.The discernment of unknown samples to their probable class membership of alloy was performed using SIMCA.The surface hardness(Brinell hardness number)is linearly correlated with the plasma temperature and LIBS intensity ratios.The sample surface of the first and fifth coin belongs to Al-alloy,having the least surface hardness,and it became harder for Cu–Ni alloy,Ni-brass alloy,and bronze alloy.The hardness of the surface is more for bronze sample twelve.It is also observed that the plasma temperature increases monotonically with the Brinell hardness number.This analysis provides valuable information on fabrication methodology and explains large diversification in the elementary composition of old coins.

NAA OF SOME ANCIENT INDIAN COINS

The radioactivity induced in the coins from Satvahanas,Ahmadshah Bahamani,Gujrat Sultan,Nizamshahi and Marathas after(n,γ) reactions for the elemeats of interest is measured on multichannel analyzer coupled to high purity germanium detector and percentage of these elements is determined by comparator method of NAA.All these coins are found to be copper based with the presence of As,Sb,In,An,Sn and Mn.

Application Research of Gravel and Machine-Made Sand along the KKH-2 Project in Pakistan on Asphalt Pavement

According to the characteristics of stone along the KKH-2 project in Pakistan, the applicability of gravel and machine-made sand for road engineering was studied. Through investigation, the types of stone along the project were relatively simple, and the stone materials used for road construction were mainly limestone, sandstone and pebbles, and the reserves?were?abundant. The experiment research and analyses comparisons of the parameters and road performance characteristics of natural gravel materials were carried out, and the design parameters and road performance indicators of natural grit in the current code were supplemented and adjusted to make it more suitable for Pakistan to use natural gravel materials for road construction. Thesis combines the project,?proposing that mechanism sand and natural sand mixed concrete?is?not inferior?tonatural sand mixed concrete in terms of technical performance, and the overall cost is lower than that of natural sand mixed concrete. The research results are of great significance for saving engineering construction costs, ensuring road performance and prolonging service life.

Effect of Quantum Coins on Two-Particle Quantum Walks

We numerically study the effect of the quantum coins on the two-particle quantum walks on an infinite line. Both non-interacting and interacting particles are considered. The joint probability as well as the bunching or anti- bunching behavior are greatly affected by the phase factors in the coin operation. Further, the spatial correlation can be maximized by choosing appropriate coin parameters. The entanglement between the two particles can be adjusted in the same manner.

The Effect of Quantum Coins on the Spreading of Binary Disordered Quantum Walk

The dynamical and static disordered quantum walks were extensively studied recently. It is found that, for the dynamicM disorder case, the transport behavior of particles is diffusive, and for the static disorder ease the transport behavior is localized. In this work, we study the effect of quantum coins on the transport behaviors of the binary disordered quantum walks. We lind that once the coins satisfy certain conditions, the sub-ballistic spreading could be found in binary dynamical disorder quantum walks, and the sub-ballistic, diffusive and sub- diffusive spreadings could be found in binary static disorder quantum walks. We obtain the necessary conditions for those abnormal diffusive behaviors.

Analysis of Differences in Electrochemical Performance Between Coin and Pouch Cells for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Small coin cell batteries are predominantly used for testing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in academia because they require small amounts of material and are easy to assemble.However,insufficient attention is given to difference in cell performance that arises from the differences in format between coin cells used by academic researchers and pouch or cylindrical cells which are used in industry.In this article,we compare coin cells and pouch cells of different size with exactly the same electrode materials,electrolyte,and electrochemical conditions.We show the battery impedance changes substantially depending on the cell format using techniques including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS)and Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique(GITT).Using full cell NCA-graphite LIBs,we demonstrate that this difference in impedance has important knock-on effects on the battery rate performance due to ohmic polarization and the battery life time due to Li metal plating on the anode.We hope this work will help researchers getting a better idea of how small coin cell formats impact the cell performance and help predicting improvements that can be achieved by implementing larger cell formats.

Mystical Coins

RECENT findings on the East African coast confirm what many people have suspected for years： Trade between the Chinese and Africans existed long before Europeans stepped foot on the shores of East Africa＇s West Indian Ocean Coast.

基于COIN算法的工艺原则布置优化

为了解决焊装工厂的工艺原则布置问题,文章运用COIN算法(Coincidence Algorithm),用联合概率矩阵模型代替传统遗传算法的交叉和变异,来更新产生新的子代种群,并在学习和优化过程中利用负相关学习与传统的正相关学习相结合的方法,保持了种群的多样性,提高了算法的收敛速度。最后通过运用该算法解决焊装工厂的工艺原则布置问题,并以遗传算法做对比,验证了COIN算法的有效性。

纪念币压印成形模拟系统CoinForm

开发了纪念币压印成形专用有限元分析系统CoinForm,设计了单点积分的实体单元有限元动力显式程序。采用粘性沙漏控制算法有效控制了由于单点积分造成的沙漏模式,相比其它的沙漏控制算法,如刚度法以及采用稳定化矩阵求解沙漏力等算法,节省了大量计算时间。同时,沿坯饼厚向划分多层网格、三维的本构关系、径向返回算法以及自适应网格加密算法,使得本系统可以精确获取坯饼的应力应变分布。通过与DEFORM-3D 5.0模拟软件的模拟结果对比,纪念币的压印成形模拟实例验证了CoinForm系统的准确性和高效性。

打造数字化升级COIN模型

企业数字化升级需要将IT层面的技术转型与企业内部组织层面各个要素的变革融为一体。战略决定组织,组织跟随战略。当企业战略出现变化,而没有能力及时变革时,组织就会对战略的实施起到制约作用。企业数字化升级需要将IT层面的技术转型与企业内部组织层面各个要素的变革融为一体,重新定义组织。

Chinese New-coined Words Management in P.R.C

The paper relies on the language management model. First of all, the thousands of new words coined each year in China can be roughly divided into eight groups. Besides, it exemplifies the problems that have occurred in communication. Last but not least, to reflect language management acts/processes, it reports the efforts the language authorities and governmental bodies have made in the struggle to solve the problems. It attempts to remind the language management agencies of the point that for the use of new words, the language users are always right as long as communication flows without problems in understanding.

Investigation of the tarnish on the surface of a panda gold coin

In natural environment, tarnish was observed on the surface of historic and contemporary gold coins in several countries. Few years after the emergence of panda gold coins, several red spots were appeared on the surface. To identify the stains and to examine the spots, optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, electron microprobe analysis （EMPA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used. It was found by microscopic observation that the stain has a dark blue central area surrounded by a large area with a nuance of colors from brown to red. Red spots usually contain holes in the center, which are distributed along the forging stress zones formed in the struck process. From the surface analyses using EMPA, sulfur and silver are detected besides gold, and the contents of Ag and S at the tarnish part are higher than those at the other part. Furthermore, distributions of Ag and S are correlated with the morphology of stains. XPS shows that components of stains are Ag2S and Ag2SO4 and the former is much predominant. These results are confirmed using XRD analysis. Accelerated tarnish test of gold in an atmosphere containing sulfur compound proves that the similar phenomenon appears when a small amount of silver is present on the surface of gold. It can be concluded that the occurrence of tarnish stains is caused by the presence of Ag and S.

基于SPIN的MIXCOIN协议形式化分析与验证

区块链混币机制协议是保障区块链安全和隐私的有效手段之一。MIXCOIN协议是一种典型的区块链混币机制协议,针对MIXCOIN协议可能存在泄漏用户地址关联性,导致协议不满足匿名性的问题,提出MIXCOIN协议形式化抽象表示方法,简化协议主体个数,约简加解密钥串表示,定义比特币转移函数,有效地解决了复杂协议难以形式化表示的问题。同时改进Dolev-Yao攻击者建模方法,引入敌手控制通道,可以更好地分析匿名通信协议。运用模型检测工具SPIN对MIXCOIN协议的认证性和匿名性进行验证,结果表明,协议存在中间人攻击和重放攻击,泄漏用户端混币地址的关联性,MIXCOIN协议只满足认证性而不满足匿名性。

NATURAL AND TREATED FES_2 IN LI/FES_2 COIN CELL

Treated FeS2 samples were prepared by natural FeS2 samples which were ground first, heated in nitrogen and then washed in acid. The levels of impurity elements, primarily present as metallic oxides and sulfides, are higher in the natural FeS2 than those in the treated sample. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the grain sizes of treated FeS2, particles are smaller than those of natural FeS2 particles. The electrochemical performance of Li/treated FeS2 cells is attributed to the smaller grain sizes and higher purity of treated FeS2 particles in comparison to the natural FeS2 sample.

Initial coin offerings(ICOs):Why do they succeed?

Recent literature has addressed initial coin offering(ICO)projects,which are an innovative form of venture financing through cryptocurrencies using blockchain technology.Many features of ICOs remain unexplored,leaving much room for additional research,including the success factors of ICO projects.We investigate the success of ICO projects,with our main purpose being to identify factors that influence a project’s outcome.Following a literature review,from which several potential variables were collected,we used a database comprising 428 ICO projects in the banking/financial sector to regress several econometric models.We confirmed the impacts of several variables and obtained particularly valuable results concerning project and campaign variables.We confirmed the importance of a well-structured and informative white-paper.The proximity to certain markets with high availability of financial and human capital is also an important determinant of the success of an ICO.We also confirm the strong dependency on cryptocurrency and the impact of cryptocurrency valuations on the success of a project.Furthermore,we confirm the importance of social media in ICO projects,as well as the importance of human capital characteristics.Our research contributes to the ICO literature by capturing most of the success factors previously identified and testing their impacts based on a large database.The current research contributes to the building of systems theory and signaling theory by adapting their frameworks to the ICO environment.Our results are also important for regulators,as ICOs are mainly unregulated and have vast future potential,and for investors,who can benefit from our analysis and use it in their due diligence.

Transmutation Scheme of Coin Flipping Protocol and Utilization

Coin flipping by telephone protocol（CFP） is utilized in a system to exchange a binary sequence at random between two person apart far from each other. However, CFP cannot he used in a system with many users like in a group environment system. A transmutation of CFP named T-CFP is proposed in this paper. The precondition of T-CFP is the system＇s user trusts the system center and center＇s cheating is meaningless at the same time. The significant difference between CFP and T-CFP is that CFP supports only two users while T-CFP can support many users to exchange special information. The security and efficiency of T-CFP are discussed with a detailed example on T-CFP utilization is demonstrated in this paper.