Numerical study of size effect in concrete penetration with LDPM

Projectile size effect is of great importance since the scaling researches are extensively applied to concrete penetration investigations. This paper numerically deals with the projectile size effect on penetration resistance via the recently developed Lattice Discrete Particles Model(LDPM) which is featured with mesoscale constitutive laws governing the interaction between adjacent particles to account for cohesive fracture, strain hardening in compression and compaction due to pore collapse. Simulations of two different penetration tests are carried to shed some light on the size effect issue. The penetration numerical model is validated by matching the projectile deceleration curve of and predicting the depth of penetration(DOP). By constant velocity penetration simulations, the target resistance is found to be dependent on the projectile size. By best fitting numerical results of constant velocity penetration, a size effect law for target resistance is proposed and validated against literature data. Moreover, the size effect is numerically obtained in the projectile with longer extended nose part meanwhile the shorter extended nose is found to improve the DOP since the projectile nose is sharpened.

Abnormality monitoring model of cracks in concrete dams

The abnormality monitoring model (AMM) of cracks in concrete dams is established through integrating safety monitoring theories with abnormality diagnosis methods of cracks. In addition, emphasis is placed on the influence of crack depth on crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). A linear hypothesis is proposed for the propagation process of cracks in concrete based on the fictitious crack model (FCM). Abnormality points are detected through testing methods of dynamical structure mutation and statistical model mutation. The solution of AMM is transformed into a global optimization problem, which is solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. Therefore, the AMM of cracks in concrete dams is established and solved completely. In the end of the paper, the proposed model is validated by a typical crack at the 105 m elevation of a concrete gravity arch dam.

Abnormality diagnosis of cracks in the concrete based on double crack tip opening displacement criterion

The distinct characteristic of subcritical propagation requires at least two control parameters to completely express expansion of cracks in the concrete.The basic definition of crack tip opening displacement(CTOD)is corrected based on the monitored variable of crack mouth opening displacement(CMOD).The improved CTOD criterion,called the double CTODd criterion,for the abnormality diagnosis of cracks in the concrete is constructed based on the fictitious crack model and linear asymptotic superposition assumptions of the concrete.The double CTODd criterion is verified using two specimens of three-point bending notched beam.The verification results are reasonable and correct.The establishment of the double CTODd criterion lays a solid theoretical foundation for the abnormality diagnosis of cracks in concrete structures(such as concrete dams)based on CMOD.

Abnormality diagnosis of cracks in the concrete dam based on dynamical structure mutation

A method of the fuzzy cross-correlation factor exponent in dynamics is researched and proposed to diagnose abnormality of cracks in the concrete dam. Moreover, the Logistic time series changing from period-doubling bifurcation to chaos is tested first using this method. Results indicate that it can distinguish inherent dynamics of time series and can detect mutations. Considering that cracks in the concrete dam constitute an open, dissipative and complex nonlinear dynamical system, a typical crack on the downstream face of a concrete gravity arch dam is analyzed with the proposed method. Two distinct mutations are discovered to indicate that the abnormality diagnosis of cracks in the concrete dam is achieved dynamically through this method. Furthermore, because it can be directly utilized in the measured crack opening displacement series to complete abnormality diagnosis, it has a good prospect for practical applications.

On-line diagnosis method of crack behavior abnormality in concrete dams based on fluctuation of sequential parameter estimates

Research on on-line diagnosis method of crack behavior abnormality in concrete dams can provide support for timely grasping abnormality state of the crack itself and achieving real-time monitoring of the dam safety.Considering that samples of crack effects in concrete dams increase actually over monitoring time,a superiority criterion for the on-line diagnosis is determined so as to detect the abnormality moments timely and reliably.By integrating the safety monitoring statistical model of crack effect variable with change point theory,a fluctuation method of regression coefficients is established for the on-line diagnosis.In addition,each abnormality moment is detected by the cumulative sum of regression model residuals.Results indicate that abnormality of crack behavior in concrete dams can be characterized by structural instability of crack monitoring model.And causes of crack behavior abnormality can be analyzed by the established method,which will play an important role in dam safety monitoring.Further,taking the crack in a concrete gravity-arch dam as an example,the scientific rationality and validity of the established on-line diagnosis method are confirmed.

基于LSTM模型的再生混凝土抗压强度预测分析

再生混凝土抗压强度预测已经有很多方法,但目前的研究大多集中在对混凝土28 d抗压强度预测上,对于超长龄期的预测较少。为更好地对再生混凝土超长龄期强度进行预测,该研究使用数理统计方法对56 d抗压强度进行统计学分析,并使用箱线图对所有变量进行异常值检测,使用LSTM模型对再生混凝土56 d抗压强度进行预测,为更加准确地对模型预测效果进行评价,采用决定系数R2、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)作为评价指标。最终模型结果表明,LSTM模型可以较为精确地实现再生混凝土超长龄期抗压强度的预测,为工程实践提供指导。

混凝土断裂表面带电异常研究

实验研究了混凝土试件断裂破坏过程的电位信号。结果表明,混凝土在破裂过程中有电位异常产生,电位信号与试件受载的应变及其声发射率(破裂行为)具有良好的对应性。在混凝土破裂过程中,电位信号呈连续增大趋势,在主破坏时声发射率和电位信号均有大幅度增加。电位信号与试件破裂过程密切相关,可以为破裂提供前兆信息。混凝土破坏是裂纹的扩展、联合、贯通的结果,电位的主导产生机制是裂纹扩展尖端电荷分离及压电效应。

钢筋混凝土框架异型边节点抗震性能试验研究

对4个钢筋混凝土框架异型边节点试件进行了拟静力试验,以研究此类节点的抗震性能。根据试验结果,总结了异型边节点的破坏形态,研究了节点滞回曲线的特征,讨论了节点核芯配箍率、梁柱截面高度变化对异型边节点抗剪性能的影响,分析了异型边节点的受力机理,提出应以"小核芯"为分析单元来研究此类节点抗裂和承载力的建议,为异型节点设计公式的建立提供了基础数据。

钢筋混凝土框架异型节点抗裂计算

基于8个钢筋混凝土框架异型节点的试验,分析了异型节点的初裂与常规节点的不同之处。在分析钢筋混凝土框架异型节点受力的基础上,得出了异型节点的初裂承载能力取决于异型节点"小核芯"的结论,并以"小核芯"为基本计算单元,提出了钢筋混凝土框架异型节点的抗裂承载能力计算公式。

秦岭隧道地下水化学异常对衬砌混凝土的腐蚀及防治对策研究

混凝土是一种耐久性较好的隧道衬砌材料,但在化学侵蚀介质的作用下,其保持自身作用的能力较差。秦岭Ⅱ线平导地下水硫酸根离子含量高达917～1423 mg/l,属于地下水化学异常,其异常组分的形成机理为围岩中黄铁矿氧化形成大量的硫酸根和氢离子,后者使含钙矿物水解或溶解生成钙离子,从而导致水化学类型的改变和矿化度的升高。根据TBJ210-86《铁路混凝土及砌石工程施工规范》判定,平导异常段硫酸盐对衬砌混凝土的腐蚀程度为中等,具体可以从硫酸根异常水防治和衬砌混凝土材料选用上解决水化学异常的腐蚀问题。

基于小波分析和尖点突变模型的裂缝转异诊断

对于带缝运行的水工混凝土结构,用小波分析和突变理论相结合的方法,建立裂缝转异诊断模型.结合工程实例,利用小波分析方法提取裂缝的时效变形,在此基础上建立裂缝的灰色尖点突变模型,提出裂缝的转异判据,结果表明,该方法是可行的和有效的.

混凝土构件层析成像的试验研究

在阐述层析成像基本原理的基础上,制作了含已知缺陷的混凝土构件,对其开展层析成像的试验研究。提出了缺陷的定量识别算法,可以在概率统计的意义上识别出具有一定置信度的缺陷区域,与混凝土构件的实际情况吻合良好。试验成果验证了两阶段的射线追踪方法和基于广义逆的反演方法的正确性。在同等测试条件下,广义逆方法的反演效果比传统的SIRT方法好。室内试验为层析成像的应用效果评价提供了新的思路,对实际工程测试与安全性评估也有显著的指导意义。

混凝土重力坝碾压试验工艺与质量控制分析

为保证抽水蓄能电站水库坝体填筑质量,需进行坝体填筑材料的现场试验。通过现场碾压试验,确定水库坝体各种填筑材料达到设计指标所需的各项碾压参数指标。对试验的依据、试验材料的来源、组成,试验方法、过程进行研究,计算得出碾压遍数、VC(坍落度)和松铺厚度等参数。通过测试碾压前后的优化参数作为现场施工控制参数并对试验结果进行分析,提出相应的处理措施和建议。

高速铁路路桥(涵)过渡段的新型设计方法研究

高速铁路路桥(涵)过渡段一直是高速铁路路基中最薄弱的环节,为了改进过渡段的性能,保证轨道的平顺性,介绍了一种由碾压混凝土和变态级配碎石组成的新型路桥(涵)过渡段。为了检验其过渡效果,建立了考虑路基结构层之间相互作用的路桥过渡段垂向动力学模型,分析了该过渡段在高速列车作用下的动力性能。结果表明:新型过渡段的轨面弯折角沿线路方向基本不变,轨面沉降沿线路方向呈线性分布,说明由碾压混凝土和变态级配碎石组成的新型过渡段能够较好地实现由刚性桥台向柔性路基的过渡;比较了过渡段沉降量的数值计算结果与实测结果,两者较接近,进一步验证了新型过渡段的合理性和优越性。

基于人工神经网络的钢筋混凝土异型节点滞回模型

讨论了应用神经网络技术模拟钢筋混凝土材料滞回行为的若干问题,建立了钢筋混凝土异型节点滞回特性的BP神经网络预测模型,并获得了满意的结果。分析表明,神经网络计算是钢筋混凝土构件抗震性能研究中的一种很有潜力的新方法。

钢筋混凝土梁裂缝相似性与计算方法

结合结构仿真模型试验相似理论,依据裂缝宽度计算理论与试验数据统计分析,分别推导出钢筋混凝土梁平均裂缝间距与最大裂缝宽度的相似比计算公式。通过二组二维相似及1组3维相似的钢筋混凝土原型梁与模型梁实测平均裂缝间距与最大裂缝宽度的对比试验,研究了本文计算方法的适用性。实现了由模型钢筋混凝土梁的裂缝分布和宽度反演到原型梁的目的,为钢筋混凝土变态仿真模型试验设计提供了科研依据。

道路碎石垫层异常缺陷的探地雷达响应特征

采用探地雷达技术探测碎石垫层异常,研究碎石垫层脱落、碎石垫层层间具有密实-疏松界面、碎石垫层厚度变化及碎石垫层由松散块石充填4种异常的探地雷达响应特征。时域剖面评价、钻探资料验证、典型单道波形时域及频谱对比分析表明：碎石垫层脱落表现为同相轴的缺失,碎石垫层层间弱反射的反相性,谱能量分布在整个频率范围,且在550～800MHz出现较强信号;碎石垫层间存在密实-疏松界面表现为碎石垫层层间存在同相轴,谱能量集中在中低频区,能量峰较多;碎石垫层厚度变化表现为上下界面反射波时间差的大小（同相轴的上凸或下拉）;碎石垫层由松散块石充填表现为强振幅复合波（同相轴杂乱,具有小绕射弧）,谱能量峰叠加严重,峰值较大。

SRC异型边节点抗震性能试验研究

由于生产工艺要求,大型电厂主厂房不可避免出现型钢混凝土变柱截面异型边节点,为研究其抗震性能,选取3个具有代表性的SRC变柱截面异型边节点和1个柱截面无变化的常规节点进行拟静力试验,研究了SRC异型边节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、承载力、延性、耗能和刚度退化性能.研究结果表明:型钢混凝土异型边节点破坏过程和常规节点类似,破坏形式为"小核心区"剪切破坏;SRC变柱截面异型边节点的承载力、延性、耗能及刚度较常规节点小;梁截面高度的增加能够一定程度提高SRC异型边节点的承载力、延性、耗能及刚度;SRC柱-RC梁异型边节点抗震性能较差;轴压比对异型边节点延性性能影响较大,增加轴压比对试件延性不利.

基于LabVIEW的混凝土工作性测控系统数据采集处理

由于外加剂种类和数量日益增多,混凝土工作性经时差别很大,传统工作性测试方法无法满足现代工程技术要求,故设计了一种智能型新拌混凝土现场流变参数测控设备。简述了自主研制的新拌混凝土工作性测控系统中流变参数基本计算公式及采集数据误差产生的原因;论述了流变数据复演性分析时,在LabVIEW中对传感器进行数据采集并进行低通滤波处理和利用拉伊达准则剔除异常误差。结果表明,两种方式结合起来对采集的数据处理有效,并使得流变参数测试计算结果更加准确可靠。

基于神经网络的钢筋混凝土异型节点抗裂能力预测

利用神经网络方法研究了低周反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土异型节点抗裂承载力与各主要影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系,建立了承载力的BP神经网络预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。分析结果表明神经网络计算是钢筋混凝土构件力学性能研究中的一种很有潜力的新方法。