基于ECM模型的智能健身镜用户持续使用意愿研究

目的通过ECM模型剖析智能健身镜用户持续使用意愿的要素,探究用户感知有用性、期望确认度与用户满意度之间的关系。方法借助ECM模型解构其关键要素,深层分析各要素的影响因子,结合SPSS和Amos数据分析工具进行实证研究,检验各要素中的变量回归关系。结果感知有用性与用户满意度以及持续使用意愿之间存在明显的正向关联,期望确认度对用户满意度和感知有用性产生显著影响,而用户满意度虽对持续使用意愿具有一定的影响,但统计学上并未达到显著水平。结论智能健身镜用户行为具有一定的复杂性,感知有用性和期望确认度在用户持续使用意愿的形成过程中起关键作用。通过验证ECM模型的适用性,明确此类产品的优化关键在于优化产品性能和提供个性化附加价值,进而提高用户的使用体验。

基于AR-ECM平均差异模型的串联电池组SOC、容量多尺度联合估计方法

考虑电池单体老化差异所致的电池组不一致性,针对串联电池组荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)、容量估计问题,提出一种基于自回归等效电路模型(autoregression equivalent circuit model,AR-ECM)的平均差异模型(mean-difference model,MDM)。基于此模型,提出串联电池组SOC、容量多尺度联合估计算法。该算法由2个部分组成,一是基于AR-ECM的MDM及差异化模型参数辨识策略:条件辨识策略和定频分组辨识策略;二是基于多时间尺度H无穷滤波(multi-timescale H infinity filter,Mts-HIF)的电池组SOC、容量联合估计算法。通过将所提出MDM中的自回归平均模型(autoregression mean model,AR-MM)与传统MDM中的n阶RC平均模型(nRC mean model,nRC-MM)比较,结果表明所提出的AR-MM在复杂运行工况下具有更优的动态跟随性能。依据最小化信息量准则(akaike information criterion,AIC),AR-MM具有更优的复杂度与精度的权衡。通过与基于多时间尺度扩展卡尔曼滤波(multi-timescale extended Kalman filter,Mts-EKF)联合状态估计算法比较,结果表明所提出的Mts-HIF状态估计算法具有更优的鲁棒性、精度和收敛速度。

Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in aerospace community:a comparative analysis

The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,such as thin-walled structures,microchannels,and complex surfaces.Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components.However,many problems exist,including severe and rapid tool wear,low machining efficiency,and poor surface integrity.Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies(vibration,laser,electricity,etc)to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining.This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality,reduce process forces,and prolong tool life.However,systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction.This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community.In addition,this paper focuses on the processing principles,material responses under nontraditional energy,resultant forces and temperatures,material removal mechanisms,and applications of these processes,including vibration-,laser-,electric-,magnetic-,chemical-,advanced coolant-,and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the principles,advantages,and limitations of each hybrid process is provided,and future perspectives on forward design,device development,and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.

Stress-assisted corrosion mechanism of 3Ni steel by using gradient boosting decision tree machining learning method

Traditional 3Ni weathering steel cannot completely meet the requirements for offshore engineering development,resulting in the design of novel 3Ni steel with the addition of microalloy elements such as Mn or Nb for strength enhancement becoming a trend.The stress-assisted corrosion behavior of a novel designed high-strength 3Ni steel was investigated in the current study using the corrosion big data method.The information on the corrosion process was recorded using the galvanic corrosion current monitoring method.The gradi-ent boosting decision tree(GBDT)machine learning method was used to mine the corrosion mechanism,and the importance of the struc-ture factor was investigated.Field exposure tests were conducted to verify the calculated results using the GBDT method.Results indic-ated that the GBDT method can be effectively used to study the influence of structural factors on the corrosion process of 3Ni steel.Dif-ferent mechanisms for the addition of Mn and Cu to the stress-assisted corrosion of 3Ni steel suggested that Mn and Cu have no obvious effect on the corrosion rate of non-stressed 3Ni steel during the early stage of corrosion.When the corrosion reached a stable state,the in-crease in Mn element content increased the corrosion rate of 3Ni steel,while Cu reduced this rate.In the presence of stress,the increase in Mn element content and Cu addition can inhibit the corrosion process.The corrosion law of outdoor-exposed 3Ni steel is consistent with the law based on corrosion big data technology,verifying the reliability of the big data evaluation method and data prediction model selection.

基于改进遗传算法的锂离子电池ECM模型参数辨识

可靠的动力电池等效电路(Equivalent Circuit Model, ECM)模型是电动汽车电池管理系统重要的技术支撑,而等效电路模型的精确性很大程度上取决于参数辨识精度。以容量3.5 A·h的三元锂离子电池为研究对象,采用双极化ECM模型构建锂离子电池模型,在此基础上提出一种基于改进遗传算法的参数识别方法,对模型中的参数进行辨识;基于所辨识的参数建立电池仿真模型,分别采用变流和恒流工况验证所构建的电池模型。结果表明,误差均控制在±0.02 V以内,所提出的改进遗传算法参数辨识方法具有较高的精度。

On dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy using textured cutting tool inserts

Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.

Field-assisted machining of difficult-to-machine materials

Difficult-to-machine materials (DMMs) are extensively applied in critical fields such as aviation,semiconductor,biomedicine,and other key fields due to their excellent material properties.However,traditional machining technologies often struggle to achieve ultra-precision with DMMs resulting from poor surface quality and low processing efficiency.In recent years,field-assisted machining (FAM) technology has emerged as a new generation of machining technology based on innovative principles such as laser heating,tool vibration,magnetic magnetization,and plasma modification,providing a new solution for improving the machinability of DMMs.This technology not only addresses these limitations of traditional machining methods,but also has become a hot topic of research in the domain of ultra-precision machining of DMMs.Many new methods and principles have been introduced and investigated one after another,yet few studies have presented a comprehensive analysis and summarization.To fill this gap and understand the development trend of FAM,this study provides an important overview of FAM,covering different assisted machining methods,application effects,mechanism analysis,and equipment design.The current deficiencies and future challenges of FAM are summarized to lay the foundation for the further development of multi-field hybrid assisted and intelligent FAM technologies.

基于A-ECMS的增程式电动汽车能量管理策略设计及应用

增程式电动汽车因其电驱效率高、无里程焦虑等优点,在新能源汽车市场备受青睐。为了进一步提升其综合性能,本研究在MATLAB/Simulink环境下构建了增程式电动汽车仿真模型,并利用等效自适应因子以改进燃油消耗最小化算法,形成了基于A-ECMS的能量管理策略。结果表明,在WLTC循环工况测试中,A-ECMS能量管理策略的百公里综合油耗为6.42 L,综合燃油消耗量为0.71 L,均低于其他方法。最终的电池充电状态(SOC)为31.1%,与目标SOC的偏差仅为1.1%。该策略显著提升了燃油经济性和电池使用寿命,为增程式电动汽车性能优化提供了新的参考方法。

ECM重塑下肿瘤淋巴管生成模型的定性分析与数值模拟

肿瘤转移是肿瘤发展过程中的重要环节,也是导致癌症恶化和治疗失败的主要原因之一。以肿瘤转移为背景,本文研究基于肿瘤与细胞外基质(Extracellular Matrix,ECM)相互作用的肿瘤淋巴管生成模型。首先用数学语言梳理肿瘤淋巴管生成的生物原理,其次做出假设,建立数学模型并进行定性分析。主要通过逼近方法、偏微分方程定性理论和Banach不动点定理证明模型局部解的存在唯一性,以及借助局部解的正则性估计和嵌入不等式证明模型整体解的存在唯一性。最后利用差分数值方法进行数值模拟来说明模型的可靠性与准确性。本文对深入理解肿瘤转移机制、指导癌症治疗以及推动相关研究具有重要意义。

基于ECM-ISC模型的“互联网+政务服务”平台公众持续使用意愿研究

随着数字政府的持续建设,“互联网+政务服务”改革成为优化营商环境和提升政务服务质量的突破口。基于ECM-ISC模型,从“顾客”视角出发探索“互联网+政务服务”平台公众持续使用意愿的决定因素。结果显示:期望确认显著正向影响感知有用性;期望确认显著正向影响满意度;感知有用性显著正向影响公众持续使用意愿;满意度显著正向影响公众持续使用意愿。研究可为数字政府建设及海南省政府数字化转型提供一定参考。

Aviation-oriented Micromachining Technology—Micro-ECM in Pure Water

This article proposes a precise and ecofriendly micromachining technology for aerospace application called electrochemical machining in pure water （PW-ECM）. On the basis of the principles of water dissociation, a series of test setups and tests are devised and performed under different conditions. These tests explain the need for technological conditions realizing PW-ECM, and further explore the technological principles. The results from the tests demonstrate a successful removal of electrolytic slime by means of ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece. To ensure the stability and reliability of PW-ECM process, a new combined machining method of PW-ECM assisted with ultrasonic vibration （PW-ECM/USV） is devised. Trilateral and square cavities and holes as well as a group of English alphabets are worked out on a stainless steel plate. It is confirmed that PW-ECM will be probably an efficient new aviation precision machining method.

FDI的环境效应:“污染光环”抑或“污染天堂”?——基于面板ARDL-ECM模型的实证检验

构建ARDL-ECM模型,在全国样本和东、中、西地区样本下对外商直接投资(FDI)对碳排放的长期和短期影响进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)FDI对我国碳排放的影响具有明显的地区差异,其中东部地区支持了“污染天堂”假说,其他地区则支持了“污染光环”假说。(2)FDI对碳排放的长期效应与短期效应差异显著。(3)二氧化碳排放的规模效应显著为正,技术进步效应和结构效应显著为负,且东部地区FDI对碳排放的促进作用主要源于较大的规模效应以及较小的技术进步效应。(4)FDI是二氧化碳排放的格兰杰原因,且FDI与GDP、技术进步和产业结构互为因果关系,其他因素通过与FDI的相互作用影响碳排放,为将FDI的碳排放效应分解为规模效应、技术效应和结构效应提供了实际依据。

面向不同电流工况的锂离子电池改进EECM研究

锂离子电池是新能源汽车动力系统的核心,基于模型的电池管理系统(battery management system,BMS)是保证电池性能充分发挥的关键。然而现有BMS主要采用等效电路模型(equivalent circuit model,ECM),尚未考虑放电倍率对可用容量的影响机制,导致模型在不同放电倍率下以及低荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)区域会存在明显的端电压仿真误差,影响算法精度;尤其是BMS无法准确估计电池放电截止条件,剩余放电电量(remaining discharge capacity,RDC)估计误差大,可能导致电池电压骤降甚至整车抛锚等严重后果。针对以上问题,文中以考虑内部扩散机制的扩展等效电路模型(extended equivalent circuit model,EECM)为基础,对不同倍率的放电电压容量增量(incremental capacity,IC)曲线进行对比分析,利用能斯特方程构造不同放电倍率下的容量-开路电压曲线,提出改进的EECM。所提改进EECM在不同电流倍率和动态工况下的端电压仿真误差均小于传统ECM和EECM,可以提高RDC估计的准确性,有应用于实际BMS的潜力。

欧洲热处理技术装备考察报告—法国ECM公司

本文是中国热处理行业协会赴欧洲热处理装备技术考察团系列考察报告之一,主要报告了考察法国ECM公司的情况。介绍了ECM公司的基本情况和主要真空热处理技术装备。

混动车辆能量管理模块化ECMS框架

文中提出一种用于混合动力车辆能量管理实时控制的模块化等效消耗最小化策略(ECMS)框架,可实现能量管理实时控制的分布式开发。该框架采用Pontryagin极小值原理求解ECMS最优控制问题。首先,将最优控制问题分解为与各个子系统相关的优化问题;其次,通过Hamiltonian函数将与每个子系统有关的优化问题协调到全局最优;最后,在某款DHT混合动力车辆验证模块化ECMS,此车辆模型支持4种操作模式:2种电动模式、并联模式和串联模式。测试结果表明,模块化ECMS只需修改能量管理系统中功率平衡方程的连接矩阵,即可解决上述每种操作模式的最优控制问题。此框架不需要迭代过程,更适合实时控制的分布式开发。

Effect of tool geometry on ultraprecision machining of soft-brittle materials:a comprehensive review

Brittle materials are widely used for producing important components in the industry of optics,optoelectronics,and semiconductors.Ultraprecision machining of brittle materials with high surface quality and surface integrity helps improve the functional performance and lifespan of the components.According to their hardness,brittle materials can be roughly divided into hard-brittle and soft-brittle.Although there have been some literature reviews for ultraprecision machining of hard-brittle materials,up to date,very few review papers are available that focus on the processing of soft-brittle materials.Due to the‘soft’and‘brittle’properties,this group of materials has unique machining characteristics.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ultraprecision machining of soft-brittle materials.Critical aspects of machining mechanisms,such as chip formation,surface topography,and subsurface damage for different machining methods,including diamond turning,micro end milling,ultraprecision grinding,and micro/nano burnishing,are compared in terms of tool-workpiece interaction.The effects of tool geometries on the machining characteristics of soft-brittle materials are systematically analyzed,and dominating factors are sorted out.Problems and challenges in the engineering applications are identified,and solutions/guidelines for future R&D are provided.

Laser machining fundamentals:micro,nano,atomic and close-to-atomic scales

With the rapid development in advanced industries,such as microelectronics and optics sectors,the functional feature size of devises/components has been decreasing from micro to nanometric,and even ACS for higher performance,smaller volume and lower energy consumption.By this time,a great many quantum structures are proposed,with not only an extreme scale of several or even single atom,but also a nearly ideal lattice structure with no material defect.It is almost no doubt that such structures play critical role in the next generation products,which shows an urgent demand for the ACSM.Laser machining is one of the most important approaches widely used in engineering and scientific research.It is high-efficient and applicable for most kinds of materials.Moreover,the processing scale covers a huge range from millimeters to nanometers,and has already touched the atomic level.Laser–material interaction mechanism,as the foundation of laser machining,determines the machining accuracy and surface quality.It becomes much more sophisticated and dominant with a decrease in processing scale,which is systematically reviewed in this article.In general,the mechanisms of laser-induced material removal are classified into ablation,CE and atomic desorption,with a decrease in the scale from above microns to angstroms.The effects of processing parameters on both fundamental material response and machined surface quality are discussed,as well as theoretical methods to simulate and understand the underlying mechanisms.Examples at nanometric to atomic scale are provided,which demonstrate the capability of laser machining in achieving the ultimate precision and becoming a promising approach to ACSM.

Failure mode change and material damage with varied machining speeds:a review

High-speed machining(HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However,the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not been formally reviewed thus far. This article focuses on the solid mechanics framework of adiabatic shear band(ASB) onset and material metallurgical microstructural evolutions in HSM. The ASB onset is described using partial differential systems. Several factors in HSM were considered in the systems, and the ASB onset conditions were obtained by solving these systems or applying the perturbation method to the systems. With increasing machining speed, an ASB can be depressed and further eliminated by shock pressure. The damage observed in HSM exhibits common features. Equiaxed fine grains produced by dynamic recrystallization widely cause damage to ductile materials, and amorphization is the common microstructural evolution in brittle materials. Based on previous studies, potential mechanisms for the phenomena in HSM are proposed. These include the thickness variation of the white layer of ductile materials. These proposed mechanisms would be beneficial to deeply understanding the various phenomena in HSM.

基于ECM的电芯电-热耦合建模与验证

电芯内阻不仅影响电池的电性能,而且影响电池工作过程中的温度。本工作通过恒流充放电搁置测试,建立二阶等效电路模型(ECM),辨识电芯在不同电流、温度和SOC下的电容、电阻参数,计算电芯电性能,同时给出Bernardi产热模型中的不可逆热,不可逆热结合可逆热计算电芯产热,通过STAR-CCM+将电-热模型耦合,模拟电芯在不同工况下的电响应与温度响应;由于HPPC存在脉冲时间短、内阻体现不完整等缺点,故本工作采取恒流充放电搁置测试获得RC参数,进行等效电路仿真,研究结果表明:将恒流充放电搁置测试得到的RC参数导入电-热耦合模型中,仿真结果对比实验偏差很小。

Assessment of Lubrication Property and Machining Performance of Nanofluid Composite Electrostatic Spraying(NCES)Using Different Types of Vegetable Oils as Base Fluids of External Fluid

The current study of minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)concentrates on its performance improvement.By contrast with nanofluid MQL and electrostatic atomization(EA),the proposed nanofluid composite electrostatic spraying(NCES)can enhance the performance of MQL more comprehensively.However,it is largely influenced by the base fluid of external fluid.In this paper,the lubrication property and machining performance of NCES with different types of vegetable oils(castor,palm,soybean,rapeseed,and LB2000 oil)as the base fluids of external fluid were compared and evaluated by friction and milling tests under different flow ratios of external and internal fluids.The spraying current and electrowetting angle were tested to analyze the influence of vegetable oil type as the base fluid of external fluid on NCES performances.The friction test results show that relative to NCES with other vegetable oils as the base fluids of external fluid,NCES with LB2000 as the base fluid of external fluid reduced the friction coefficient and wear loss by 9.4%-27.7%and 7.6%-26.5%,respectively.The milling test results display that the milling force and milling temperature for NCES with LB2000 as the base fluid of external fluid were 1.4%-13.2%and 3.6%-11.2%lower than those for NCES with other vegetable oils as the base fluids of external fluid,respectively.When LB2000/multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)water-based nanofluid was used as the external/internal fluid and the flow ratio of external and internal fluids was 2:1,NCES showed the best milling performance.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the selection of the base fluid of NCES external fluid.