Effects of Microporous Structure of Activated Carbon on Adsorption Performance of N-butane

[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of microporous structure of ac- tivated carbon on adsorption performance of n-butane. [Method] Using 8 activated car- bons prepared from different materials and technologies, the effects of physical prop- erties of activated carbon on butane adsorption performance were investigated. [Result] Specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution of activated carbon exert- ed remarkable effects on butane adsorption. The activated carbon with high percent- age of micropore volume within the range of 1.2-2 nm possessed high butane activity. The level of butane retentivity rose with the increase of the volume of pore within the range of 0.5-0,9 nm, which led to smaller butan working capacity （BWC）. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for the adsorption research for activated carbon.

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO_4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 （LFP） cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5-5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 ℃. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 ℃ are composed of numerous particles with sizes of -20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 mE/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 ℃ are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA.h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li＋ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.

Numerical Simulation of Macro-and Micro-structures of Intense Convective Clouds with a Spectral Bin Microphysics Model

By use of a three-dimensional compressible non-hydrostatic convective cloud model with detailed microphysics featuring spectral bins of cloud condensation nuclei （CCN）, liquid droplets, ice crystals, snow and graupel particles, the spatial and temporal distributions of hydrometeors in a supercell observed by the （Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study） STEPS triple-radar network are simulated and analyzed. The bin model is also employed to study the effect of CCN concentration on the evolution characteristics of the supercell. It is found that the CCN concentration not only affects the concentration and spectral distribution of water droplets, but also influences the characteristics of ice crystals and graupel particles. With a larger number of CCN, more water droplets and ice crystals are produced and the growth of graupel is restrained. With a small quantity of CCN the production of large size water droplets are promoted by initially small concentrations of water droplets and ice crystals, leading to earlier formation of small size graupel and restraining the recycling growth of graupel, and thus inhibiting the formation of large size graupel （or small size hail）. It can be concluded that both the macroscopic airflow and microphysical processes influence the formation and growth of large size graupel （or small size hail）. In regions with heavy pollution, a high concentration of CCN may restrain the formation of graupel and hail, and in extremely clean regions, excessively low concentrations of CCN may also limit the formation of large size graupel （hail）.

MicroED as a powerful technique for the structure determination of complex porous materials

Porous materials have garnered significant attention in recent years.Understanding the intrinsic relationship between their structures and properties requires precise knowledge of their atomic structures.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)has traditionally been the primary method for elucidating such structures,but it demands large,high-quality crystals,often exceeding 5μm in size.The growth of these crystals can be a time-consuming process,especially for one-and two-dimensional materials.To explore structures at the nanoscale,MicroED(microcrystal electron diffraction(ED))offers unprecedented insights into the realm of nanomaterials.This revolutionary technique enables researchers to uncover intricate details within nanoscale structures,promising to reshape our fundamental understanding of materials.In this review,we delve into the applications of MicroED in the study of various porous materials,including zeolites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and covalent organic frameworks(COFs).We emphasize the pivotal role of MicroED in nanomaterial characterization,enabling precise crystallographic analysis and phase identification.

Research on Fixture's Effect on Properties of Single-Shear Bolt Jointed Composite Laminates Structure

The testing on the bearing strength of single-shear bolt jointed composite laminates structure is done.And the effect of the fixture on the testing results is analyzed. Then a macro-micro multi-scale analytical model combined with the improved"Generalized Method of Cells( GMC) "is developed,which is used to predict the macro bearing strength and to characterize the micro constitute material failure of the bolt jointed composite laminates structure. Both the contact conditions at the bolt/hole boundary and the contact conditions at the specimen/fixture boundary,progressive damage,and the material properties degradation are all taken account into the analytical model. Thus,the numerical simulation results agree well with the experimental results.Finally,the effect of the fixture on the testing results is characterized. The results show that the incomplete contaction between the fixture and the specimen or the lack of the lateral constraint on the specimen will affect the limited bearing strength and the offset bearing strength of the bolt jointed composite laminates structure. In addition,the lower support rigid of the fixture will affect the rigid of the bolt jointed composite laminates structure.

磷石膏矿山充填材料研发与性能试验研究

为了研究固废磷石膏制备矿山充填材料的可行性,以磷石膏为骨料,添加电石渣、矿渣制备充填材料。采用单因素试验和正交试验法研究了电石渣质量分数、矿渣质量分数、物料质量分数,以及烘干温度对充填材料抗压强度的影响规律,并利用SEM分析了样品的微观形貌特征。试验结果表明:当磷石膏、电石渣、矿渣质量分数分别为65%、5%、30%时,物料质量分数为65%充填材料的强度及初始流动度满足充填要求。在130℃烘干8 h条件下,充填材料峰值强度最高。电石渣激发了矿渣活性,磷石膏与矿渣形成了针状钙矾石及水化铝酸钙和水化硅酸钙凝胶,增强了充填材料强度。

不同溶液及干湿循环作用下砂岩宏细观损伤效应试验与模型研究

云冈石窟在降雨的反复作用下处于干湿循环的状态,其力学性质受到不同程度的劣化,将直接影响到石窟区砂岩的强度变形。以砂岩为研究对象,设计并进行不同溶液及干湿循环试验,建立宏观损伤统计本构模型,并结合SEM扫描电镜对细观结构损伤进行研究。研究表明:砂岩在干湿循环作用下,酸性环境对砂岩的劣化作用相对于中性环境更大;干湿循环初期发生劈裂破坏,后期逐渐演变为劈裂破坏和剪切破坏的结合;微观结构上均遭到一定程度的破坏,但酸性环境更明显。此研究为不同环境干湿循环作用下砂岩类文物的保护修复指导工作提供了理论依据,对于深入认识云冈石窟劣化损伤机理具有十分重要的意义。

EB态TA10钛合金高温变形行为及热加工图

以电子束冷床(EB)炉单次熔铸的TA10钛合金扁锭为研究对象,利用Gleeble−3800热模拟试验机开展高且宽应变速率范围(0.01~30 s^(−1))下的等温压缩试验,研究该合金在800~1000℃下变形60%时的高温力学行为及铸态组织演变特征,建立基于峰值应力的高温塑性本构方程,绘制考虑应变的热加工图,深入讨论能量耗散效率因子与宏观、微观组织、力学响应间的关联关系。结果表明:随着变形温度升高或应变速率降低,TA10钛合金流变应力减小;变形温度高于或低于相变点时,峰值应力与变形温度均呈线性相关。Arrhenius方程能较好地预测该合金变形抗力与工艺参数间的变化规律。该合金不适合单道次大变形,较为适合变形量中等且较慢应变速率下的成形方式,可尝试开展高速率多次小变形的方式成形。该合金在两相区慢应变速率下热变形时的流变软化机制为动态球化或塑性流动局部化,而高应变速率下应力塌陷现象的主要原因为宏观失稳,且其在单相区的软化机制以动态回复为主。

真空状态不同爆轰工艺下铜钢复合材料界面组织和性能研究

【目的】对热交换领域、电力领域中铜基复合材料在应用过程中出现的高温变形、界面金属间化合物、产品性能不稳定等难点问题进行研究。【方法】在真空状态中,采用不同爆轰工艺对TU1紫铜和Q345R钢进行爆炸复合试验,并对复合材料的金相组织和力学性能进行测试和分析。【结果】由试验结果可知,随着爆轰速度的增大,界面波纹深度也会随之增加。复合材料(Z向)分离强度的平均值为483 MPa、界面剪切强度的平均值为238 MPa、显微硬度的最大值为196 HV,即距界面位置越远,越趋近于本体材料。当爆轰速度为2200 m/s时,断口处出现铜侧粘连现象。【结论】复合材料的各项性能指标均优于组成该复合材料的本体金属,界面处均呈正弦波状结合形态。从界面向本体金属方向来看,晶粒组织呈现出多样化晶体转变的特征。通过进一步对结合界面进行分析,发现该界面未出现氧化物/氮化物等有害物质。

基于CloudSat-CALIPSO数据的黄土高原地区云特征分析

云是地气系统的重要组成部分,为深入分析黄土高原地区云特征,利用2007-2016年搭载首部云探测雷达云卫星(CloudSat)与云-气溶胶激光雷达和红外探测者观测卫星(The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation, CALIPSO)资料,选取黄土高原半湿润、半干旱、干旱和寒旱四个区域,对云的宏、微观物理特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)黄土高原各区域云出现频率年均值达到了55%以上,其中,春、夏季云出现频率最高,秋冬两季相对较低;半湿润区云出现频率高于其他区域,但其他三个区域云出现频率最高的月份均早于半湿润区。(2)各区域中单层云出现频率最高,占到总云量的60%以上,多层云中主要是双层云,约占总云量的25%。云层高度在不同区域表现为春、夏季节大于秋、冬季节,半湿润区的云层高度在四季均大于其他区域。各区域云几何厚度季节变化不显著,均在1~4 km之间,主要以薄云为主,且78.13%的云几何厚度不超过2 km。(3)各区域的云液态水含量年均值均达到了220.5 mg·m^(-3),约为冰水含量年均值的6.5倍,主要分布在8.5 km以下的高度层。随着高度的减小,液态水含量逐渐增多,其中半湿润区云液态水含量大于其他区域。各区域全年冰水含量占比较小,主要分布在16.5 km以下的高度层。(4)液滴有效半径在各区域的值主要集中在12~16μm,在半干旱区的春季出现了最大值,约为24μm;冰粒子有效半径最大值出现在半湿润区的夏季。液滴数浓度在各区域的值集中在60~80 cm^(-3),均小于冰粒子数浓度平均值,其峰值出现在各区域的夏季,冰粒子数浓度的峰值出现在半湿润和半干旱区的春季。该研究结果有助于深入认识黄土高原云的特征,为区域气候模式对黄土高原地区云特征的模拟提供一定的参考依据。

化学反应型高黏沥青的制备与性能评价

为简化高黏沥青的制备流程、提高生产效率及降低改性剂掺量,基于自主研发的化学反应型改性剂研究了高黏沥青的宏微观性能。采用纯搅拌工艺进行了化学反应型高黏沥青的制备,通过基础物理指标及红外光谱结果完成了反应时长的优选;分析了不同改性剂掺量下化学反应型高黏沥青的微观形貌、改性机理及性能变化规律,并结合高黏沥青混合料的路用性能测试,完成了改性剂掺量的优选。结果表明:化学反应型高黏沥青可以采用纯搅拌工艺制备,其宏观性能和热存储稳定性优异,相应的沥青混合料也具有路用性能优势;建议的搅拌时长为3 h,建议的改性剂掺量为沥青质量的7%~8%。

A STUDY OF CLOUD-SYSTEM MODEL:MACRO AND MICRO STRUCTURE SIMULATION OF CLOUD FIELD

The macro and micro cloud physics structures and their evolution with time are the core of describing cloud fields in essence.They are necessary atmospheric environment not only in aviation and spaceflight activities but also for atmos- pheric radiation transfer and acid rain formation research.Unfortunately it is difficult to obtain an entire environmental cloud field by using observation methods directly.Thus,by use of computation physics method to build a cloud-system model may be an indispensable way for this topic.This paper presented a cloud-system model for this goal,and simu- lated a real case.The results of computation showed that the macro structure of the cloud field was better consistent with real observation,and the micro structure was fairly reasonable.The output of model could provide all the information about the cloud field:(1)size-distribution spectrum of hydrometeor particles (point),(2)vertical profile (line),(3)hori- zontal or vertical section of macro and micro parameters (surface),and (4)cloud cover,pattern of cloud and configura- tion of cloud,etc.(body).

Biomechanical assessment of new surgical method instead of kyphoplasty to improve the mechanical behavior of the vertebra:Micro finite element study

AIM To reduce post treatments of kyphoplasty, as a common treatment for osteoporotic vertebrae.METHODS This study suggests a new method for treating vertebrae by setting the hexagonal porous structure instead of the rigid bone cement mass in the kyphoplasty(KP). The KP procedure was performed on the fresh ovine vertebra of the level L1. Micro finite element modeling was performed based on micro computed tomography of ovine trabecular cube. The hexagonal porous structure was set on one cube instead of the bone cement mass. For the implant designing, two geometrical parameters were considered: Spacing diameter and thickness.RESULTS The results of micro finite element analyses indicated the improvement in the mechanical behavior of the vertebra treated by the hexagonal porous structures, as compared to those treated by vertebroplasty(VP) and KP under static loading. The improvement in the mechanical behavior of the vertebra, was observed as 54% decrease in the amount of maximum Von Misses stress(improvement of stress distribution), in trabecular cube with embedded hexagonal structure, as compared to VP and KP. This is comparable to the results of the experimental study already performed; it was shown that the improvement of mechanical behavior of the vertebra was observed as: 83% increase in the range of displacements before getting to the ultimate strength(increasing the toughness) after setting hexagonal pearls inside vertebrae. Both the material and geometry of implant influenced the amount of Von Mises stress in the structure.CONCLUSION The new proposed method can be offered as a substitute for the KP. The implant geometry had a more obvious effect on the amount of Von Mises stress, as compared to the implant material.

GPM卫星探测四川“5·21”特大暴雨的降水结构特征分析

四川复杂地形容易触发对流,暴雨发生频次较高,研究该地区暴雨结构及宏微观物理特征有重要意义和价值。本文利用GPM卫星资料分析了2018年5月21日四川一次特大暴雨的三维结构及宏微观特征。结果表明:此次特大暴雨过程由一个α中尺度对流系统造成;层状云降水与对流云降水的样本比例为2.5:1,但对流云降水率为层状云降水率的5倍;环境风场垂直切变较强导致最大雨水含量的位置与最大云冰含量的位置不一致;对流云降水反射率因子高频区数值随高度变化比层状云降水显著;粒子数浓度参数和有效粒子半径的频率分布反映出在4~7 km高度对流云中雨滴碰并增长过程显著,4 km以下雨滴蒸发和破碎过程明显,层状云降水粒子数浓度参数和粒子有效半径的范围比对流云窄且随高度变化不明显。

面向3D打印多孔陶瓷材料外科植入物宏微观结构特征的分析评价方法

目的探究3D打印多孔结构陶瓷材料外科植入物孔隙结构的宏微观特征分析及评价方法。方法基于微米X射线CT(Micro-CT)扫描获取的多孔样品图像数据,利用VG Studio MAX 3.0软件及Mimics 16.0软件的多孔结构分析功能,对多孔结构的宏观结构特征包括总孔隙率、宏孔孔径、内连接、开/闭孔率等进行测量和分析;同时,采用扫描电子显微镜对样品表面微观多孔形貌进行特征分析和评价。结果基于Micro-CT和SEM扫描及影像学分析实现了针对3D打印多孔结构陶瓷样件的孔隙结构的宏微观特征表征和统计分析,并验证了其可行性和准确性,形成了一套面向3D打印多孔结构陶瓷材料外科植入物形貌宏微结构尺寸特征的有效的测量和评价方法。结论本文提出的基于Micro-CT和SEM扫描成像进行3D打印多孔结构陶瓷样件的孔隙结构的宏微观特征表征和分析的统计方法,有利于实现多孔结构宏微观特征的相关测试内容和试验过程的规范统一,确保测试过程方法有据可依,结果评价准确有效,有利于提升产品的加工精度,便于不同企业同种工艺制造的多孔结构特征参数之间等同比较,为医疗器械行业多孔结构宏微观特征的数据积累奠定基础,有利于提高与人体生命安全息息相关的外科植入物产品的研发和制造水平。

耳蜗感音机理研究及临床应用

听力损失与耳聋疾病已严重威胁人类健康和影响人们的生活质量。耳是人体中重要的感觉器官,耳蜗是人耳关键的感音结构,受限于其复杂精密且位置隐蔽,导致实验研究存在诸多难以克服的困难,迄今为止诠释耳蜗感音机理仍是医学的重要难题。因此,融合数学、力学、生物和医学的多学科交叉原理,建立真实有效的耳蜗结构生物力学模型,深入研究耳蜗的感音机理,为听力修复和临床治疗提供理论基础是许多科学家关注的焦点。本文总结了当前耳蜗感音机理及临床应用研究现状,指出当前尚存在的问题,并对今后的研究工作进行展望。

数字经济对全要素生产率的影响:基于宏观视角与微观视角的印证

探究数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机制可为经济可持续增长提供经验借鉴。借助地级市及上市公司数据,从宏观视角和微观视角考察数字经济对全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:第一,通过宏观视角分析得出数字经济的发展显著降低了全要素生产率,其原因是数字经济阻碍了技术进步。深入到投入产出结构层面发现,数字经济虽然增加了经济产出,但也增加了资本投入,且后者远大于前者,因而数字经济降低了全要素生产率;第二,通过微观视角分析得出企业数字化提升了全要素生产率,其原因在于当劳动投入和产出不变时,资本投入下降,因而全要素生产率提升;第三,产业结构优化在数字经济影响全要素生产率的过程中发挥了积极的促进作用。因此,数字经济发展需要匹配适宜的投入结构及产出结构,才能有效助力经济效率的持续提升。

结构交换论框架下警察职业倦怠的缓释研究

警察职业倦怠研究作为热点之一,经历了从思辨到实证研究的发展,并取得了一定的成果。但介于职业倦怠的是微观个体心理效应和宏观社会结构影响的复杂纠缠结果,现有的实证研究大都忽略了诸多混淆变量对职业倦怠的产生的内在性问题。以系统的开放性原理为逻辑起点,理清警察交换行为与警察职业倦怠的关系,并在结构交换论的视域下探究交换的不同环节可能引发警察职业倦怠的要素及其演进,结合警察群体的特殊性,提出科学的缓释警察职业倦怠的对策。

宏/微双重驱动机器人系统的研究现状与关键技术

宏/微双重驱动机器人系统的综合性能优于采用单一驱动方式的机器人系统。在总结了宏/微双重驱动机器人系统的概念、特点、组成结构的基础上,分析了该领域国内外的最新动态及其关键技术,为宏/微双重驱动机器人的进一步设计与开发提供了翔实的信息与参考依据。作为对宏/微技术的总结与应用,提出了一种新颖的集成式宏/微双重驱动柔性并联机器人系统,可在立方厘米级的工作空间内达到纳米级的运动精度。

南京市冬季雾的物理化学特征

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