不同培养条件对尖孢镰刀菌苜蓿专化型分生孢子形成及萌发的影响

为明确有利于尖孢镰刀菌苜蓿专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.medicaginis,Fom)分生孢子形成及萌发的培养条件,本研究通过十字交叉法测量Fom菌株在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)、合成低营养琼脂(SNA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)固体培养基培养不同时间的菌落直径,并通过镜检法和血球板计数法观测以上不同固体及其液体培养基(不加琼脂)培养不同时间的分生孢子产量、比例,以及不同液体培养基中菌株分生孢子萌发率。结果发现,CMC培养基上菌株生长最快(P<0.05)。PDA培养基培养分生孢子产量最高(P<0.05),固、液体培养基分别为(1.05×10^(6))~(7.63×10^(6))和(5.01×10^(6))~(9.49×10^(6))个·mL^(−1),且小分生孢子比例总体相对较高;CMC培养基上大型分生孢子比例最高(P<0.05),固、液体培养基上分别为0.85%~4.40%、2.32%~5.63%。PDA、SNA液体培养基培养分生孢子萌发率较高,且时间越长萌发率越高,培养48 h时分别可达35.98%、47.32%。由此可见,CMC固体培养基有利于Fom生长,其液体培养基诱导菌株大型分生孢子形成效果较好;PDA液体培养基有利于诱导分生孢子形成,尤其是小分生孢子;SNA液体培养基更利于分生孢子萌发。本研究为防治苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病及有关机理研究提供了前期基础。

甘肃省西瓜枯萎病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性测定

本文报导了西瓜枯萎病在甘肃的分布和危害。经采集培养、单孢分离,32个标样(320个病组织块)中,镰孢属真菌占73.1％,其余为链格孢等。按C.Booth标准条件培养,经致病性、专化型测定,甘肃省酒泉、民勤、兰州西瓜枯萎病的病原为尖镰孢西瓜专化型(Fusarium ox-ysporium f.sp. niveum)。该菌分生孢子的萌发需要液态水;分生孢子在pH4.53～9.18均可萌发,最适pH5.91;适宜浓度的马粪、土壤、蔗糖、瓜叶汁液对孢子萌发均有刺激作用,8小时内高出对照(清水)22％以上。刺激作用在4小时前表现最为明显;在相同条件下,大型分生孢子较小型分生孢子萌发快;4～8小时是大型分生孢子萌发的对数增长期;小型分生孢子萌发率缓慢增长。

Genetic diversity among Indian phytopathogenic isolates of Fusarium semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel

We report total ten isolates of F. semitectum recovered from different hosts. Identity of these isolates was determined by morphological and cultural characteristics and confirmed by RAPD-PCR analysis using forty random primers. Morphologically all the ten isolates showed similarity, but based on RAPD-PCR analysis, these isolates can be categorized in three groups depending upon similarity co-efficient. Genetic similarity coefficients between pair wise isolates varied from 0.00 to 1.95 based on an unweighted paired group method of arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. RAPD-PCR technique can be used as an important tool for the genetic differentiation among isolates of F. semitectum.