Effects of Different Analog Water-soluble Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to investigate the application effect of analog water-soluble fertilizer as an alternative of flue-cured tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted, and the dry matter accumulation, intrinsic chemical composition, smoking quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were compared between analog water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, The results showed compared with conventional fertilizer, analog water-soluble fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco by 4.90%-16.70%, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 6%-15%, and increased the output of flue-cured tobacco by 5%-14%. In terms of chemical composition, the flue-cured tobacco applied with analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than that applied with conventional fertilizer, except the nicotine content in the upper leaves, the potassium content in the middle leaves and the reducing sugar content. The smoking quality of both the upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the analog water-soluble fertilizer treatment groups was better than that in the conventional fertilizer treatment group. In short, analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizer, with advantages of lower cost （reduced by 381.60 yuan/hm2）, lower application amount （reduced by 165 kg/hm2） and higher utilization efficiency.

Screening Test of Water-soluble Fertilizers for Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to find water-soluble fertilizers( WSFs) suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK,and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m^2.And it could significantly improve soluble sugar,Vc and protein contents,and could effectively reduce nitrate content.[Conclusions]Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer,and has the market prospect of large-area application and extension.

Evaluation of Application Effect of Silicon-containing Water-soluble Fertilizer on Fast Vegetables

[Objectives]The study aims to verify the application effect of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on fast vegetables.[Methods]Two vegetable crops,rape and lettuce,were studied,and three treatments were set up,including treatment 1(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer,treatment 2(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of the same amount of clear water),and treatment 3(conventional fertilization).[Results]The yield of lettuce and rape in treatment 1 increased by 15.1%and 8.6%,respectively;compared with treatment 3,the yield of lettuce and rape rose by 18.6%and 10.9%,respectively.Variance analysis shows that the F values of lettuce and rape were 20.938 and 35.372,respectively,and the differences among various treatments were extremely significant.[Conclusions]The application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on lettuce and rape significantly increased their yield.

Preparation and characterization of controlled-release fertilizers coated with marine polysaccharide derivatives

Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.

基于PCA不同肥料配施方案对樱花开花及叶绿素含量的影响

以飞寒樱为研究对象,研究大量元素水溶肥、中量元素水溶肥和微生物菌剂(艾加生物公司)等产品的不同用量和配施处理对樱花开花及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,不同处理对樱花开花各指标及叶绿素含量的促进效果是不同的。对芽鳞开裂率、露红率、产生花苞率、初花率、开花率、平均每株开花数和叶片叶绿素含量等指标进行归一化处理,采用主成分分析法(PCA)构建樱花开花及叶绿素含量的评估模型,结果表明,促进樱花开花及叶片叶绿素含量较佳的肥料配施方案为大量元素水溶肥100 g·株^(-1),微生物菌剂50 mL·株^(-1),中量元素水溶肥10 g·株^(-1)。

大量元素水溶肥配施生物有机肥对番茄品质及产量的影响

为推动口感型番茄在生产上的推广种植,开展了大量元素水溶肥配施生物有机肥对口感型番茄品质及产量的影响研究。结果表明:增施有机肥能提高口感型番茄的产量和品质;在一定范围内,随着大量元素水溶肥施用量的增加,番茄果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量增加,VC与可溶性蛋白质含量变化无规律,番茄果实产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。综合考虑番茄品质及产量,推荐最佳施肥方案为大量元素水溶肥30.6g/株+生物有机肥100 g/株。在此施肥方案条件下,番茄果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、VC和可溶性蛋白质含量分别为8.19%、5.18%、1.28%、17.90 mg/100 g和315.48μg/g,番茄产量为966.10 g/株。

水溶肥中添加不同增效剂对青梗菜生长的影响

为验证大量元素水溶肥添加新型肥料增效剂的效果,以青梗菜为试材,通过对青梗菜农艺性状和产量的测定,探究大量元素水溶肥中添加聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对青梗菜生长的影响。结果表明,在大量元素水溶肥(20-20-20)中添加γ-PGA、GABA增效物质均能改善青梗菜的农艺性状和提高产量,以添加0.2‰γ-PGA和1‰GABA时促生效果最好,其与仅施大量元素水溶肥(20-20-20)相比,青梗菜SPAD值提高9.60%,叶片数增加13.59%,最大叶面积增加33.43%,单株产量增加15.05%。本研究结果可为后期新型肥料的推广应用提供参考。

大量元素液体水溶肥料生产工艺技术概述

大量元素液体水溶肥料适合现代农业水肥一体化设施施肥,市场需求量大,但配制高端大量元素液体水溶肥料对原料的溶解度要求较高。介绍了大量元素液体水溶肥料的生产工艺和设备、主要原料、配方设计和质量指标,并对生产中出现的常见问题提出了处理方案。

肥料对烤烟产量和品质影响的研究进展

综述了大量元素、微量元素以及有机肥料对烟草产量和品质影响的研究进展,指出了合理施肥是提高烟草产量和品质及提高烟草地力的重要手段。

新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响

为了减少大蒜生产中化学肥料施用量,达到科学施肥目的,分析了新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响。以金乡白皮大蒜为试验材料,研究了常规追施尿素(CK)、大量元素水溶肥料(T1)、大量元素水溶肥料+有机叶面肥(T2)对大蒜植株生长势、蒜头产量及品质的影响。结果表明,大蒜株高、开展度、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、假茎高、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量及蔗糖含量均表现为T2>T1>CK;可溶性蛋白含量T2处理最大,而T1处理和CK相同;硝酸盐含量则表现为T2<T1<CK。与CK相比,T1、T2处理平均鲜蒜头质量较CK分别增加了12.89%和23.48%,平均干蒜头质量较CK分别增加了13.58%和27.25%。综上所述,施用大量元素水溶肥料和有机叶面肥增强了大蒜植株的生长势,显著增加了鲜蒜头和干蒜头产量,降低了鲜蒜头硝酸盐含量,提高了大蒜营养品质指标含量。从蒜头产量和品质的提升效果来看,T2处理效果最好,达到了减肥、增产及提高品质的目的。

大量元素水溶肥料对生菜产量、品质及抗逆能力的影响

在露地生产条件下,研究了自制大量元素水溶肥料对生菜产量、品质和抗逆能力的影响。试验结果表明,与市售大量元素水溶肥料(WSF-Ⅱ)处理相比,自制大量元素水溶肥料(WSF-Ⅰ)处理能够显著提高生菜产量和品质,产量提高5.17%,VC含量提高8.0%、可溶性糖含量提高12.2%,硝酸盐含量降低3.8%。试验结果还表明,WSF-Ⅰ能够显著提高生菜的多酚氧化酶活性并降低其丙二醛含量,从而提高生菜的抗逆能力。

大量元素水溶性肥料在番茄上的应用效果

对大量元素水溶性肥料在番茄上的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明:番茄喷施大量元素水溶性肥料后,能明显改善经济性状,促使株高、单株结果数、果实直径和单果重增加,增产效果明显。喷施后产量达到73 359.0 kg/hm2,较CK1(喷施清水,与处理1的喷药量和次数相同)和CK2(既不喷肥,也不喷水)分别增产6 493.5 kg/hm2和6 023.0 kg/hm2,增产率分别为9.71%和8.94%。且经济效益显著,施肥后的理论产值为117 374.4元/hm2,较CK1和CK2分别增加纯收入9 286.0元/hm2和9 756.4元/hm2。

大量元素水溶性肥料对生菜农艺性状及产量的影响

研究大量元素水溶性肥料对生菜农艺性状及产量的影响,结果表明:喷施大量元素水溶性肥料可以显著提高生菜的产量及产值,桂林市七星区生菜产量比喷施等量清水、空白对照分别提高6.10%、7.53%,分别增收2 085.75、2 110.50元/hm2;钦州市钦北区生菜产量比喷施等量清水及空白对照提高6.44%、7.40%,分别增收3 287.25、3 303.00元/hm2。

宁夏“富士”苹果大量元素动态分析和需肥规律

针对宁夏苹果产业管理过程中果园营养不均衡,肥料利用率低,苹果产量和品质下降等问题,研究宁夏"富士"苹果大量元素分布动态和需肥规律。以6年生"富士"苹果为研究对象,进行田间采样调查,分析各个器官的干物质累积规律及养分动态变化,探究各个时期的需肥规律。结果表明,(1)各器官的氮含量呈下降趋势,其含量大小顺序为:叶>根>果>茎。(2)叶、茎和果实的磷含量呈下降趋势,根的磷含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值。(3)叶、茎和根的钾含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值,果实的钾含量先降低再升高,在膨大期达到低谷,各器官的含量大小顺序为:叶>果>根>茎。(4)整个生育期内,干物质量呈"S"型增加,从60 708 kg·hm^-2增加至127 359 kg·hm^-2,增加了109.8%。(5)各生育期的干物质累积量不同,干物质累积量先增加后减少,膨大期干物质累积量最大,为20 193 kg·hm^-2,占整个生育期干物质累积量的28.73%。N、P2O5和K2O的总需要量分别为961.9、371.3和484.9 kg·hm^-2,其配比为2.59∶1.00∶1.31。各个时期对各种养分的需求量和比例不同,在膨大期之前对N的需要量高,随着生育期的推移,对P2O5和K2O的需要量逐渐增加,在膨大期之后,随着果实的成熟,对K2O的需要量增加。

猪场粪污源大量元素水溶肥料在叶菜上的肥效研究

为研究一种以猪场粪污为原料的新型大量元素(含微量元素Cu)水溶肥料的应用效果,采用田间小区试验,通过设置清水对照、等养分单质肥料和猪场粪污源大量元素水溶肥料3个处理,研究施用供试大量元素(含微量元素Cu)水溶肥料对不同试验点叶菜产量、叶绿素和Vc含量的影响。结果表明:施用猪场粪污源大量元素(含微量元素Cu)水溶肥料增加了叶菜的产量、叶绿素和Vc含量,与清水对照相比,叶菜产量增产幅度为5. 50%～41. 43%,叶绿素和Vc含量分别提高5. 59%～24. 53%和7. 14%～35. 71%;与等养分单质肥料相比,叶菜产量增产达6. 64%～19. 16%,叶绿素和Vc含量分别提高1. 93%～13. 96%和6. 52%～26. 67%。可见,该新型大量元素(含微量元素Cu)水溶肥料的施用可以有效提高叶菜产量,并改善其品质,值得推广应用。

大量元素水溶性肥料(微量元素型·粉剂)对桃源与益阳晚稻产量和经济效益的影响

[目的]为研究大量元素水溶性肥料对晚稻产量、经济效益的影响。[方法]于2014年7-11月在桃源与益阳赫山区同时进行晚稻大量元素水溶肥料（微量元素型、粉剂）效果试验,桃源县在孕穗期、灌浆期喷施大量元素水溶肥料（微量元素型、粉剂）,赫山区在孕穗期、齐穗期叶面喷施大量元素水溶肥料（微量元素型、粉剂）。[结果]施用大量元素水溶肥料（微量元素型、粉剂）可以改善两地晚稻的产量构成因素,显著提高晚稻产量与其经济效益,对晚稻的增产、增收有有效的促进作用。[结论]由湖南泰谷生物科技股份有限公司生产的大量元素水溶性肥料（微量元素型、粉剂）可以在晚稻上大面积推广应用。

不同年龄慈竹养分地上空间分布特征及叶养分与土壤肥力关系

【目的】以慈竹为研究对象,探讨丛生竹养分的空间分布及土壤肥力对叶养分的影响。【方法】测量了慈竹叶枝秆的养分含量、叶养分的垂直结构和所处立地土壤肥力,分析了叶片养分间以及与土壤间的相关性,建立二者间的线性模型。【结果】土壤表层肥力高于下层;慈竹不同部位含量分布顺序为叶>秆>枝,全K含量枝>叶>秆,有机碳为秆>叶>枝,全N在3a立竹不同部位高于1~2a立竹,各年龄立竹营养器官全K均有明显的差异,全P与年龄成反比,有机碳与年龄成正比;叶全N和有机碳与高度呈正相关,全K与之呈负相关,各年龄养分垂直差异不显著;各年龄叶养分间多为显著或极显著相关性,但土壤肥力因子对叶养分多呈不显著负向影响,仅3a立竹全P含量受土壤多种养分影响大,1a立竹有机碳主要受土壤全P和碱解N影响。【结论】慈竹养分分布表现出时间和空间分异性。在土壤肥力充足条件下,竹叶养分间的相互作用较土壤肥力对叶养分作用更明显。

Toxicity evaluation of collagen hydrolysates from chrome shavings and their potential use in the preparation of amino acid fertilizer for crop growth

Resource utilization of chrome shavings(CS)has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry.Especially,the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field.However,there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS.Herein,the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis,enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis,and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted.To evaluate their toxicity,the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development.The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations(less than 0.6 mg/mL)were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos.Furthermore,the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers(AAWSF)including alkaline type fertilizer(OH),enzymatic type fertilizer(M)and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer(OH-M)for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat,soybean and rapeseed.It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg,which is far less than the limit value in the standard(China,50 mg/kg).The growth and development of seedlings(germination rate,plant height,fresh weight of leaves,soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content)were investigated.The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments,and the OH-M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development,followed by the M and OH fertilizers.The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope,and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reason-able way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste,which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization.

花生施用大量元素水溶肥效果试验研究

随着种植业结构的调整,长岭县花生种植面积逐渐扩大,花生已成为长岭县农民经济收入的主要来源之一。通过花生大量元素水溶肥料试验,在花生上喷施大量元素水溶肥、普通叶面肥和清水,结果表明:花生喷施叶面肥具有增产作用,喷施大量元素水溶肥增产最多。

低聚磷酸铵生产大量元素水溶肥料液体产品技术研究

农用短链低聚磷酸铵具有养分含量高、溶解度大、螯合性和缓释性好等优点,适合于生产大量元素水溶肥料液体产品,但关于其在水溶肥料生产中的具体应用研究较少。根据我国现有的大量元素水溶肥料标准,对农用短链低聚磷酸铵生产大量元素水溶肥料液体产品技术开展了研究。结果表明,采用农用短链低聚磷酸铵为基础肥源生产大量元素水溶肥料液体产品,生产工艺简单,容易操作,节约能源,无环境污染,生产的产品符合行业标准要求,用农用短链低聚磷酸铵生产的大量元素水溶肥料表现出明显的增产效果,比含正磷酸盐水溶肥料增产明显,可为农用短链低聚磷酸铵肥料的进一步应用和发展提供参考。