Investigation of Macrofungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park at Yinshan Mountains

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the fungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park. [Method] More than 180 fungal specimens were collected from Wula Mountain National Forest Park from 2009 to 2012 for primarily studying the fungal species diversity. [Results] According to the classification system presented by Ainsworth et al. and with reference to the China catalogue of Macrofungi in species diversity catalogue of Fungi at Wula Mountain National Forest Park was written, involving in 80 species belonging to 43 genera, 22 families, 5 orders and 2 classes in the Basidiomycotina, and 6 species belonging to 2 genera, 2 families, 2 orders and2 classes in Ascomycotina, totally from 86 species, 45 genera, 7 orders, 24 families and 2 subdivisions. Among them, 49 species were edible and 22 species were medicinal, and 18 species were both edible and medicinal, and 7 species were poisonous, and 32 species were wood-rotting, and 5 species were mycorrhizal fungi,and 3 species were newly-recorded ones in Inner Mongolia. [Conclusion] There are still some specimens that have not been identified yet because of lack of literature,thus requiring further study for supplement.

Diversity of macrofungi and its distribution pattern of Gorakhpur District,Uttar Pradesh,India

The present study deals with the status of macrofungal diversity in Gorakhpur district and its distribution pattern.The macrofungal survey was undertaken during 2011-2014 in different localities of Gorakhpur district.A total of 114 species of macrofungi belonging to 58 genera and 33 families were collected and identified in to 31 edible species,10 excellent edible species,68 inedible species and 5 poisonous species.Agaricaceae family was found to be the dominant representing 18 species.Distribution of macrofungal species in different localities of Gorakhpur district was also evaluated on the basis of Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index and evenness.Highest Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index and evenness were found to be 3.61,0.97 and 0.90 respectively in Sahjanwan tehsil.The results indicate a very high species richness of the study site.

Molecular identification of some wild medicinal macrofungi from Northern Iran

In last decades,macrofungi have attracted increasing attention because of their valuable nutritional and medicinal properties.In this study,a total of 180 macrofungal samples were collected from forests in Mazandaran province,Iran.The dominant orders were Polyporales(51%)and Agaricales(35%).Pure mycelial cultures were successfully obtained from 91 collected samples.Regarding morphological data,47 isolates were selected for molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer region(ITS)sequence analysis.The results showed that the 38 macrofungal isolates were belonging to 22 species,19 genera,10 families and 5 orders.Most of the macrofungi(47%)were identified as Trametes species and Ganoderma species.Three isolates identified as Hohenbuehelia species,Polyporellus brumalis and Ceriporia lacerata were records as a new to the Iran fungal flora.This study increases the knowledge on Iranian macrofungal diversity and facilitates future genetic and biotechnological investigations on these macrofungi.

A Checklist of Macrofungi in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve,Anhui

Field work to survey and investigate the Anhui Yaoluoping Macrofungi Nature Reserve was undertaken in order to understand and rationally develop macrofungi resources. The results showed that there are, in total, 101 macro-fungal species and varieties, including 59 kinds of edible mushroom, 20 kinds of medicinal mushroom, and 8 kinds of toadstools, grouped according to their economic values. The species belong to 5 classes, 13 orders, 43 families and 67 genera, Another 14 species are unknown fungus food or medicine and remains to be further de- veloped. They are widely distributed in broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, wastelands and areas with other vegetation types. Large fungi resources are abundant; some varieties are rare and very valuable to develop. Among those of value are some edible and medicinal mushrooms, anti-cancer sulfur bacteria, morchella, gold equivalent cow bacilli, pine mushrooms, etc. Some species and species resources have still not been fully investigated. These large fungi can be domesticated and cultivated, and have very good commercial development prospects.

云龙天池国家级自然保护区大型真菌物种多样性研究

云龙天池国家级自然保护区属于北亚热带季风气候,其内大型真菌的多样性丰富,但未见相关报道。通过对该地区大型真菌多样性进行系统研究,共发现6纲16目48科91属184种大型真菌,其中优势科为红菇科(Russulaceae)、鹅膏菌科(Amanitaceae)和牛肝菌科(Boletaceae),优势属依次为枝瑚菌属(Ramaria)、乳菇属(Lactarius)、红菇属(Russula)、鹅膏菌属(Amanita)、口蘑属(Tricholoma)、丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)。调查中共发现食用菌64个种、药用菌13个种、食(药)用菌9个种、毒菌43个种,我国特有真菌18个种。

西大圈森林公园野生大型真菌多样性调查

为了掌握勃利县西大圈森林公园的野生大型真菌的资源现状,作者对西大圈森林公园5种生境的野生大型真菌进行了采样调查,对采集到的大型真菌进行了分类学鉴定,对野生大型真菌的物种多样性和相似度进行了统计分析。经调查公园有真菌46种,其中优势种8种。西大圈森林公园的多样性指数最高的是针阔混交林生境,均匀度指数和优势度指数最高的是灌丛生境。西大圈森林公园相似度指数最高的是针阔混交林生境和灌丛生境的相似度。本研究将为掌握和分析东北地区森林公园的野生大型真菌资源有较好的借鉴意义,同时也为本地大型真菌资源开发与利用提供技术支持。

Polypore funga and species diversity in tropical forest ecosystems of Africa,America and Asia,and a comparison with temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere

Polypores play a cru cial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems.The majority of them are wood degraders;some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts.The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms,mostly invertebrates,but also some vertebrates,as well as food and medicine for humans.Despite extensive research on the species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of polypores in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their distribution patterns and species composition at the large scale.Checklists of polypores from the tropical zone,including tropical Africa,tropical America,and tropical Asia,were analyzed for species diversity,distribution patterns,major taxa,and nutritional modes.A total of 1,902 polypore species was found in the three regions,representing 8 orders,46families,and 250 genera of Agaricomycetes.The orders Polyporales(especially the family Polyporaceae)and Hymenochaetales(especially the family Hymenochaetaceae)had the most prolific taxa,with their species accounting for 93.4%of the total polypores listed.Each of 1,565(or 82.3%)of the total 1,902 species were found in only one of the three regions studied,and we treat them temporarily as"regional endemic species".Only 141species were shared among all three regions,accounting for a mere 7.4%.Tropical Africa and tropical America had the greatest number of shared species and the highest S?rensen similarity index(SC)value.Tropical forests had a higher species richness compared with temperate to boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere,and in addition,also a higher proportion of white rot polypores compared to brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species.This study outlines the distribution patterns and species diversity of polypores in the world,shedding light on their ecological significance in diverse ecosystems.

Taxonomic Study of Five Parasitic Polypores of the Hymenochaetaceae Family of TIN Vegetation in Western Burkina Faso

The aim of this work is to inventory and study the lignicolous parasitic macrofungi of the Tin plant formation. The mycological outings from July to September 2018 and 2019, collected forty-four (44) basidiomes through a random sampling device over an area of 40,000 m2 including 1000 m long by 40 m2 wide. The standard methods and techniques used in mycology for taxonomic studies were used to describe and classify the carpophores collected in three families: Hymenochaetaceae, Ganodermataceae and Polyporaceae, into eight genera: Onnia (4.55%), Amauroderma (4.55%), Ganoderma (20.45%), Phellinus (52.27%), Inonotus (4.55%), Phellinopsis (6.82%), Grammothele (2.27%) and Trametes (4.55%). The genera Phellinus and Ganoderma were the most abundant. Finally, eight species were identified: Inonotus cf. ochroporus, Inonotus cf. pachyphloeus, Phellinus cf. cryptarum, Phellinus cf. hartigii, Phellinus cf. hippophaecola;Phellinus cf. robustus, Phellinus cf. igniarius, et Amauroderma cf. fasciculatum. Seven fungal species belong to the family Hymenochaetaceae and only the species Amauroderma cf. fasciculatum is a Ganodermataceae. However, all these fungal species are shown to be parasites of trunks and/or branches of the following woody: Parkia biglobosa (50%), Anogeissus leiocarpus (25%), Annona senegalensis (12.5%) and Mangifera indica (12.5%). Authors attest that the presence of phytoparasitic polypores in a plant formation is an indicator of aging hence the urgency to put in place the appropriate measures to safeguard and restore Tin’s plant formation.

大型真菌多糖的研究进展

大型真菌是指体型较大、可用肉眼观察到的真菌。其体内含有的多糖、蛋白质类和萜类等生物活性物质,是其被用作天然药物的一个重要原因。近年来,随着分子生物学和生物技术的发展,大型真菌的相关研究受到了广泛关注,并以多糖类物质尤为突出。这些多糖生物功能多样,包括免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等,在医药和保健品领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,目前关于其结构与功能间的关系尚未明晰,仍需通过深入研究来揭示其具体作用机制。基于此,文章将从大型真菌多糖的结构特点、生物活性及其构效关系三方面对大型真菌多糖的国内外研究进展和应用前景展开综述,以深化对大型真菌多糖的了解和认识,为后续研究和应用提供理论参考。

贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查研究

为了解贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区(简称麻阳河保护区)大型真菌资源,采用随机踏查法对麻阳河保护区的大型真菌进行初步调查,并对其资源进行评价。麻阳河保护区有大型真菌247种,隶属于59科121属;其中优势科有红菇科、多孔菌科、小菇科、鹅膏科、牛肝菌科;优势属有红菇属、乳菇属、鹅膏属、小菇属、栓孔菌属、粉褶菌属、枝瑚菌属、灵芝属、小皮伞属。大型真菌中食用菌68种,药用菌23种,食(药)用菌18种,毒菌41种。调查研究表明,麻阳河保护区有丰富的大型真菌,物种多样性高。

海口地区大型真菌多样性分析与资源评价

为明确海口地区大型真菌资源状况,以中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所菌物标本馆馆藏标本和本研究于2022年采自该地区的标本为研究材料,对这些材料进行形态和分子系统研究,鉴定出110种,隶属于2门10目32科69属,其中包括新种2个,中国新记录种10个,海南省新记录种33个。在全部大型真菌中,所占比例5%以上的优势科有多孔菌科、炭团菌科、蘑菇科、炭角菌科和蕉孢壳科,共55种,占总数的50.00%。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明,海口市发现食用菌8种、药用菌14种、有毒菌3种,部分种类具有良好的应用前景。根据《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》,本研究共有44种大型真菌被评估,其中,发现海口市重点保护大型真菌1种,即巨大口蘑被评为近危(NT)物种,27种被评为无危(LC)物种,16种数据缺乏(DD),而67种未被评估(NE)。该研究初步明确海口市大型真菌资源分布情况,极大地丰富了对该区大型真菌的认识,为该区域大型真菌资源利用和保护评估奠定良好基础。

贵州省威宁县生态功能区大型真菌多样性调查及鉴定研究

通过对威宁县生态功能区大型真菌进行收集,利用形态学结合分子生物学对其进行鉴定,对各科属出现频度、优势属以及食药用经济价值分析。结果表明,该生态功能区共采集到大型真菌标本185个,成功鉴定172个,隶属2门、10纲、10目、28科、47属、101种;出现频度最高的科为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)、出现频度最高的属为乳牛肝菌属(Suillus);优势属为乳牛肝菌属(Suillus)、鹅膏属(Amanita)、红菇属(Russula)、蜡蘑属(Laccaria)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、乳菇属(Lactarius)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、伞菌属(Agaricus)、漏斗伞属(Infundibulicybe)、口蘑属(Tricholoma),占总数的65.14%;可食用大型真菌17.14%,可药用真菌5.72%,食药兼用4.00%,有毒真菌45.14%和食药不明真菌28.09%;被评估为无危等级的有淡黄多汁乳菇(Lactifluus luteolus)和乳酪状红金钱菌(Rhodocollybia butyracea)等12种、数据不足等级的有橙黄蜡蘑(Laccaria aurantia)和棕红乳菇(Lactarius badiosanguineus)等5种。贵州省新记录种9种、中国新记录种2种以及中国特有种1种。贵州省威宁县生态功能区内含有丰富的大型真菌资源,本研究为该地大型真菌资源的利用和保护提供理论基础和数据支持。

野生大型真菌鉴定及其木质纤维素酶对玉米秸秆降解效果的影响

为筛选野生大型真菌中对作物秸秆有显著降解效果的腐解菌,秋季多雨季节在牡丹峰国家森林公园野外采集了15种大型真菌子实体,提取其子实体DNA经ITS序列鉴定遗传种属,确定了12株野生大型真菌隶属于10个科、12个属。再经组织分离法获得9株菌丝纯培养物。以木质纤维素酶活为指标筛选得到4株高木质纤维素酶活菌株;筛选后菌株代谢液按比例添加至玉米秸秆碎段进行常温高湿发酵降解,以玉米秸秆失重率及木质纤维素降解率为测定指标验证了试验中香栓菌对玉米秸秆的降解效果更好。

牡丹江地区部分野生大型真菌分子鉴定及系统发育树建立

鉴定牡丹江地区部分野生大型真菌并建立系统发育树,确定菌株样品间的遗传亲缘关系.采集野外野生大型真菌子实体,提取子实体DNA,确定品种种属,运用MEGA11进行系统发育树构建.实验结果表明,牡丹江地区的36种野生大型真菌分别隶属于13科,21属,36种.优势科是多孔菌科,占比31%,次优势科为红菇科,占比14%;优势属为红菇属和鹅膏菌属,占比19%,其次为丝膜菌属、口蘑属、拟迷孔菌属和栓菌属,占比14%.

拉萨大型真菌物种多样性调查及两个铦囊蘑属中国新纪录种

该研究对拉萨地区的大型真菌物种资源进行了多样性调查,共采集获得大型真菌标本209份,鉴定出157个种,其中包括担子菌门155种,子囊菌门2种。统计发现其中种类数量最多的是担子菌门的球盖菇科和丝盖伞科,其中食、药用菌6种,毒蘑菇4种。与中国生物多样性红色名录进行了比对,本次调查得到无危物种(LC)有34种,数据不清(DD)有27种,其他均为没有报道的种类。同时研究还发现了铦囊蘑属两个中国新纪录种,Melanoleuca ammophila沙地铦囊蘑(本文新拟)和Melanoleuca galbuserae加氏铦囊蘑(文章新拟),对其进行形态学和分子系统学分析研究的结果展示了拉萨地区大型真菌有丰富的物种多样性和挖掘空间。

基于ITS序列对两株野生大型真菌的鉴定及系统发育分析

为进一步确定菌种鉴定的准确性和科学性,通过采用传统形态学分类法与ITS序列分析法对采自湖北省武陵山地区恩施市境内的2株野生真菌进行分类鉴定与系统发育分析。结果表明:依据其形态特征初步鉴定该2株菌株为绒盖牛肝菌属菌种;对2株菌株样本的ITS全区序列进行PCR扩增测序,并在NCBI数据库中进行Blast比对,采用NJ邻接法构建出系统发育树,通过探究其与已知菌种的相关性进行分析鉴定。确定样本HBES1003为绒盖条孢牛肝菌,样本HBES1096为黑斑绒盖牛肝菌。

海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价

海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区拥有我国华南最为集中连片、面积最大且保存最为完好的热带雨林,真菌多样性丰富,其中具重要生态、科研和经济价值的牛肝菌目真菌更是种类多样。在过去的10余年,本研究采用踏查法对鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌进行调查,采集标本近300号。利用形态解剖与分子系统发育相结合的方法,同时综合考虑生态特性及地理分布特征,鉴定出该目真菌5科37属82种,包括了以鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的2个属和26个物种,中国新记录种2个,海南新记录种20个。牛肝菌目真菌物种组成分析表明,鹦哥岭片区含10种以上的优势科为牛肝菌科,其物种数占物种总数的91.46%;含5种以上的优势属有6属,即金牛肝菌属(Aureoboletus)、条孢牛肝菌属(Boletellus)、新牛肝菌属(Neoboletus)、褶孔牛肝菌属(Phylloporus)、松塔牛肝菌属(Strobilomyces)和粉孢牛肝菌属(Tylopilus),这6属包含的种类占物种总数的48.78%。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明,鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌有食用菌20种、药用菌4种、毒菌8种,部分种类具有较好的应用前景。

毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究进展

大型真菌是地球上宝贵的生物资源,尤其是食药用价值丰富、生态功能显著的种类。毒蘑菇既是大型真菌资源的重要组成部分,也是限制野生经济真菌开发利用的关键阻碍。因此,无论是真菌分类的科学研究还是毒蘑菇中毒防治的公众科普教育,系统开展毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究和成分安全性检测都尤为重要。本文从毒蘑菇鉴别方法、毒蘑菇中毒类型及常见种类、蘑菇毒素与中毒机制、毒素检测技术等方面对国内外近几十年,有关毒蘑菇鉴别技术的研究现状、最新成果和发展趋势进行了综述,并基于互联网大数据、智能图像识别和化学反应融合发展等,对未来毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒的研发及应用进行了展望,旨为毒蘑菇识别与中毒防治科学研究及科普教育提供系统性理论依据和参考。

玉龙雪山暖温性针叶林大型真菌资源多样性调查

为厘清玉龙雪山暖温性针叶林大型真菌资源的物种组成,采用样地调查法对玉龙雪山南麓针叶林内的大型真菌与伴生木本植物进行调查与采集。结果表明,有真菌资源22科39属79种,其中毒菌19种,药用菌7种,食用菌46种,还有7种野生菌的资源利用情况不明;红菇科、牛肝菌科和鹅膏菌科为优势科,鹅膏属、牛肝菌属、红菇属和乳菇属为优势属;生态类型包括粪生真菌、木腐真菌、土壤腐生菌、外生菌根菌和真菌共生菌等5类,以外生菌根菌的种数最多;伴生木本植物有14科17属41种。暖温性针叶林内菌类资源与植物种类组成较为丰富,优势类群明显,极具开发潜力。

Some Useful Wild Macrofungi from Liuxihe National Forest Park,Guangzhou,China

Forty species of Basidiomycota from 21 genera in 15 families, collected from Liuxihe National Forest Park, Guangzhou, China, have values for use by local people. More than half of the species collected are edible, and some (Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus spp.) are gathered for commercial consumption in South China. Ten species have medicinal properties, and include Dictyophora, Ganoderma, Pisolithus and Scleroderma. Over 60% species (26 taxa) are ectomycorrhizal involving 12 edible fungi. The most abundant families were the Amanitaceae, Boletaceae and Sclerodermataceae, which form important ectomycorrhizal associations with coniferous and mixed broad-leafed trees in the Park. Prospective uses of these macrofungi are discussed.