Understanding the influence of microwave on the relative volatility used in the pyrolysis of Indonesia oil sands

In this paper, pyrolysis of Indonesian oil sands （lOS） was investigated by two different heating methods to develop a better understanding of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to study the thermal decomposition behaviors of lOS, showing that 550 ℃ might be the pyrolysis final temperature. A explanation of the heat-mass transfer process was presented to demonstrate the influence of mi- crowave-assisted pyrolysis on the liquid product distribution. The heat-mass transfer model was also useful to explain the increase of liquid product yield and heavy component content at the same heating rate by two differ- ent heating methods. Experiments were carried out using a fixed bed reactor with and without the microwave irradiation. The results showed that liquid product yield was increased during microwave induced pyrolysis, while the formation of gas and solid residue was reduced in comparison with the conventional pyrolysis. Moreover, the liquid product characterization by elemental analysis and GC-MS indicated the significant effect on the liquid chemical composition by microwave irradiation. High polarity substances （ε 〉 10 at 25 ℃）, such as oxy- organics were increased, while relatively low polarity substances （ε 〈 2 at 25℃）, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons were decreased, suggesting that microwave enhanced the relative volatility of high polarity substances. The yield improvement and compositional variations in the liquid product promoted by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis deserve the further exploitation in the future,

Fe(OH)_2微波快速热解制备γ-Fe_2O_3

用硫酸亚铁为原料加NH3·H2O得到的Fe(OH)2作前驱物,在有CO32-存在下进行微波快速热解可直接得到γ-Fe2O3。与常规的热处理方式相比发现,微波热解产物的分散性较好且粒径减小。而在无CO23-存在时进行微波热解,产物为α-Fe2O3。另外用XRD、TEM等方法对产物进行了表征。

微波辐射蓖麻油碱裂合成10-羟基癸酸

研究了微波辐射蓖麻油碱裂合成10-羟基癸酸的工艺过程与条件。考察了微波辐射时间、辐射温度、辐射功率，碱与其他反应物配比量以及碱类型对产物收率的影响。实验表明，以氢氧化钠为合成用碱，在m（碱）：m（仲辛醇）：m（蓖麻油）=1．25：1．5：1，辐射功率400W，辐射反应时间2h，反应温度167℃的条件下，收率达到77．41％，比传统加热法提高21．57％，合成时间是后者的1／3，且操作简便，温度低。经MS、^2H NMR等对产物进行了表征。

Fe(OH)_2热解制备γ-Fe_2O_3

用硫酸亚铁为原料,加NH_3·H_2O得到的氢氧化亚铁作前驱物经干燥后,在有CO_3^(2-)存在下热解可得γ-Fe_2O_3。实验结果显示:前驱物经微波干燥得到的产物分散性比真空干燥法好且粒径减小;而前驱物在无CO_3^(2-)存在时热解产物却为α-Fe_2O_3。并采用XRD、TEM等方法对产物进行了表征。

微波法处理剩余污泥的研究进展

近几年来运用微波法处理剩余污泥成为研究热点,剩余污泥具有产量大,处理处置费用高等特点,并且当中含有包含大量未稳定的致病微生物与有毒有害元素,微波应用到污泥处理处置技术上,一方面会让污泥更高效的加热水解,脱水性能和厌氧消化性能得到改善;另一方面微波处理技术不需要投加任何化学药剂,不会对污泥的后续处理带来二次污染。本文总结了目前国内外微波处理污泥技术的一些具有代表性的研究成果,主要包括:微波热解污泥技术、微波破解污泥细胞壁技术、微波污泥脱水干化技术、微波辐照与碱联合处理污泥技术。并针对微波法处理处置污泥技术的发展前景提出了自身的见解,以期促该方法的工业化推广应用。

有氧辅助微波热解落叶松木材的特性及产物分布

针对生物质微波热解普遍存在的微波吸收差以及焦油产生快等问题,将有氧热解与微波加热相结合,研究了微波氧化热解落叶松的升温规律、产物产出规律以及产物特性。研究结果表明:氧的引入改善了微波加热行为,当氧碳比(n(O)/n(C))值达到0.44时,升温曲线由阶梯状变为近似直线;氧气促进了木材微波热解转化,当n(O)/n(C)值为0.22时,气体产物收率75.55%、液体产物收率15.61%、固体产物收率8.84%,显著优于无氧微波热解(气体产物19.37%、液体产物48.78%及固体产物31.85%)。落叶松木材热解产物中,热解气化指标显著提高,当n(O)/n(C)值从0升至0.22时,碳转化率从7.4%增至52%,燃气产率从0.16 m^3/kg升至0.82 m^3/kg,气化效率从14%增至37.5%,燃气电耗降幅80%,但n(O)/n(C)值超过0.055时,燃气热值呈降低趋势;焦油的副产品减少,产物以稠环芳烃为主,组成得到极大简化;焦炭酸值明显降低,副产品减少,适量氧的引入促进焦炭内部形成微孔-介孔共存结构,孔结构更加稳定,显著改善焦炭的比表面性质。当n(O)/n(C)值为0.22时BET比表面积为489 m^2/g,平均孔径4.13 nm。